scholarly journals CALCULATION OF FUNDAMENTAL STRUCTURES BY THE METHOD OF DEFORMATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Svitlana Yesakova ◽  
Dmitro Chepurnui ◽  
Anna Kupreichyk
Keyword(s):  
Strain State ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Variable Stiffness ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Deformation Method ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
Cost Of Construction ◽  
Direct Proportionality

The unceasing process of urbanization all over the world and the constantly growingcost of land plots allotted for development makes investors, scientists and engineers look for and findways to reduce the unit cost of construction of useful areas of buildings and structures for variouspurposes.The most effective way to reduce the unit cost of construction of useful areas of buildings andstructures is to increase their number of storeys and depths of underground parts. But with an increasein the height of buildings, the loads on their foundations also increase, stimulating scientists andengineers to search for more advanced methods and methods for solving problems related todetermining the rational parameters of the foundations of buildings and structures, improving thequality and reliability of the calculation methods used.The results obtained using modern methods of calculating foundations in some cases lead to anoverestimation of the costs of building materials, in some – to a decrease in comparison with the realstrength and deformation indicators of the foundations of construction objects.This book describes a deformation method that allows you to improve the calculations of thestress-strain state of pile and some other types of foundations by expressing the deformations offoundation structures by the dependence of the foundation settlement on the rigidity of the«foundation-foundation» system and the coefficient of foundation rigidity, which varies along thelength or depth of the foundations, which will significantly improve the performance of buildings andstructures.Based on the hypothesis of direct proportionality (Winkler), we use the ability of such a modelof the basis to take any variable stiffness along the length of the structure that transmits the load tothe ground. Representing a system of unconnected springs of different stiffness, such a base is able tomimic the resolution of the currently used different models within the base of the foundations. However, outside the sole, Winkler cannot consider the resolution of the real soil in terms ofinteraction with adjacent foundations. Thus, we are going to take into account only the «internal»resolution of different models of the basis. It is not difficult to obtain this information using analyticaland numerical methods for determining the stress-strain state of the soil base.

scholarly journals Application of geosynthetic materials for road structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Elvir Akhmetshin ◽  
Kseniya Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Unit Cost ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Construction

In this article, the authors examines the application of geomaterials in road constructions, it economic indicators, the dependence of surface density and unit cost, as well as strength and unit cost, are analyzed. The economic and technical advantages of using woven geomaterials are shown. Geosynthetic materials allow increasing the strength of road structures and reducing the cost of construction while maintaining strength and reliability. Geogrid road has all the permits and technical documentation: the calculation methods are developed for the solution of road construction. Woven geomaterials are the best to use and have a number of advantages, but now nonwoven geomaterials are usually used in Russia, which is caused by imperfect design methods that do not take into account the strength of the geomaterial and reduce the density of pavement when using thick geomaterials. Geomaterials are geosynthetic products for strengthening slopes, slopes, coastal zones, road surfaces and other territories that need strengthening of soils. Geomaterials, among other things, are an excellent protection against erosion, environmentally safe, reliable, have a long useful life and are easily installed. Depending on the needs and type of territory, geogrids, geomatics and road geosets are used.

Optimization of Construction Cost Using Industrial Wastes in Alternative Building Material for Walls

2016 ◽  
Vol 692 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swetha Madhusudanan ◽  
Lilly Rose Amirtham
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Construction

Building materials constitute about 60%-70% of the total cost of construction. Reduction in the use of conventional materials may not be possible; therefore, an alternative solution to use low cost materials would reduce the overall construction cost of a building. Industrial wastes, when recycled and reused as a building materials, not only aid in overcoming disposal problems, but also conserve natural resources, decrease energy use, and reduce pollution caused during manufacturing processes, and consequently reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Materials such as Copper slag, Phospogypsum and Fly ash, when used as supplements for sand and coarse aggregate in the manufacture of wall materials, reduce the cost of construction considerably. Additionally, construction of buildings using these materials leads to more energy efficient buildings and can gain additional weightage (points) in Green building certification. The aim of this paper is to highlight the cost reduction in using alternative wall material for construction, through detailed analysis in an apartment building in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. A comparative study between the different materials used such as, bricks, fly ash blocks and Alternative blocks made of industrial waste (Madhusudanan 2015)) were taken into consideration to assess the unit cost of each material. Similarly, a study of the cost performance between a load bearing structure and a framed structure was made, and it was found that the overall construction cost has a greater impact for a load bearing building when compared to a framed structure.

scholarly journals MODELS OF BAY REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS RESISTANCE AT ACTION OF CYCLE PERMANENT SIGN HIGH LEVEL FORCES

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (50) ◽  
pp. 112-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Karpiuk ◽  
A. I. Kostiuk ◽  
Yu. A. Somina
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Strain State ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Cyclic Loads ◽  
Longitudinal Reinforcement ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Cyclic Action ◽  
High Level ◽  
Creep Deformations ◽  
Concrete Elements

The reinforced concrete span beam structures work with small, middle and large shear spans under the action of cyclic loads of high levels is investigated. It is established that researches of physical models development of bending reinforced concrete elements fatigue resistance to the cyclic action of transverse forces and calculation methods on its base are important and advisable due to following features of said load type: the nonlinearity of deformation, damage accumulation in the form of fatigue micro- and macrocracks, fatigue destruction of materials etc. The key expressions of the concrete endurance limits definition (objective strength), longitudinal reinforcement, anchoring of longitudinal reinforcement, which consists the endurance of whole construction are determined. Also the role and the features of influence of vibro-creep deformations on the change mechanics of stress-strain state of concrete and reinforcement of research elements are investigated.

scholarly journals Numerical Models used for The Calculation of The Cable-Stayed Bridge at Km 0+540 over Danube-Black Sea Canal

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Costin Stelian Mutu ◽  
Ionuţ Radu Răcănel
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Strain State ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Nonlinear Behaviour ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Stress Strain State ◽  
Cable Stayed Bridges

Abstract Cable-stayed bridges are complex structures and for their design, the traditional calculation methods are hard, even impossible to use for a global analysis. Separate analyses for the each component of the bridge in a simplified manner can be conducted, but in this case the concurrence of the elements into the structure is not taken into account, leading to errors in estimating the structural response. For these structures, the construction method and the presence of the stays, which are elements having a nonlinear behaviour, implies to consider a nonlinear staged analysis including the second order effects in order to transmit form one stage to the other the stress-strain state. In the present time, thanks to the evolution and development of the calculation methods and computer analysis, cable-stayed bridges can be accurate analysed so that the obtained response is close to the behaviour of the structure during erection and later, in service. The aim of this paper is to present the results obtained using one of the finite element models and nonlinear staged analysis of the bridge at km 0+540 over Danube-Black Sea Canal near Agigea. Inside the paper, results related to the evolution of stress-strain state in principal structural elements of the bridge - pylons, stays and deck - during the execution and in final stage, in service are to be presented.

Bearing Capacity of Common and Damaged CFRP-Strengthened R. C. Beams Subject to High-Level Low-Cycle Loading

2019 ◽  
Vol 968 ◽  
pp. 185-199
Author(s):  
Vasyl M. Karpiuk ◽  
Yulia A. Syomina ◽  
Diana V. Antonova
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Repeated Loading ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Deformation Method ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Cycle Loading ◽  
High Level ◽  
Concrete Elements

In the course of operation or armed hostilities the span r.c. structures are subject to substantial damage and considerable reduction of their bearing capacity, especially under low-cycle repeated loading. In this connection it becomes necessary to renew their operation capacity and/or improve their bearing capacity. However, the current design standards contain no recommendations as to determination of the residual bearing capacity of such structures and calculation of their reinforcement. There are methods of the operation capacity renewal and reinforcement of the structures by increasing their sections adding metal or reinforced concrete elements. Still, the calculation methods of such reinforcement are also imperfect. It is proposed to renew operation capacity of such structures by strengthening their tensioned parts with CFRP; the performed experimental research will provide the basis for calculating bearing capacity of said structures with the aid of the deformation method improved by the authors.

scholarly journals Recycling of construction and demolition waste during renovation of territories and pavements of large cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitali Chulkov ◽  
Bakhruz Nazirov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
The City ◽  
New Buildings

In the process of urbanization of large cities in different countries, there are similar problems of reorganization, involving the demolition of physically and morally obsolete buildings and structures, as well as the subsequent construction reorganization of the territories vacated or re-cut to the city. In the process of demolition of obsolete buildings and structures, as well as the construction of new buildings, inevitably significant amounts of waste and construction debris arise that should be recycled as much as possible into secondary building materials (to carry out the so-called «recycling» of waste). Types of construction reorganization of urban areas are divided into traditional, widely known and standardized (repair, reconstruction, restoration), and innovative, arising in the processes of reorganization of society. Among the innovative types of construction reorganization, renovation is currently the most relevant, meeting the need to renovate the dilapidated housing stock of cities. The article discusses the main types of construction waste generated during demolition and new construction, as well as the technologies used for recycling these wastes during the renovation of territories and pavements of large cities.

scholarly journals The Future and Prospects of Periwinkle Composites in Reinforced Concretes: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-67
Author(s):  
Nkwoada Amarachi ◽  
Onyedika Gerald ◽  
Oguzie Emeka ◽  
Ogwuegbu Martin
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Cost Of Construction ◽  
Shell Powder ◽  
Periwinkle Shell ◽  
Curing Age

The choice of building materials and the rising cost of construction materials have continued to plaque the building and construction industry without an immediate solution. Industrialists and scholars are investigating several naturally occurring materials for concrete composite reinforcements. The article chronologically reviewed the growth and development of periwinkle shell powder (PSP) and periwinkle ash powder (PSA) as composite materials in concretes. Findings showed that 28 days of curing age are required for lightweight concretes reinforced with PSP or PAP at 10-30% optimum. Produced lightweight concretes were susceptible to acidic medium and induce lower compressive strength which eventually leads to concrete/structure disintegrate and collapse. Research challenges and funding hamper the application of PSP/PAP in the concrete formulation and are unable to drive innovations and economic benefits as a composite. Advances in concrete technology showed that PSP/PSA mollusk shells achieve pillar strength grade and weight/load bearing status for the improvement of PSP/PSA blended concretes. Also, the composite potential showed that the functionalization of PSP/PSA, sustainability, and nano modification of cementitious materials and concretes are promising. Future studies are required to develop periwinkle reinforced concrete silos, sewers, and smart concrete materials with improved mechanical, thermal, and aesthetic properties.

scholarly journals Development of a cost controlling system for an investment and construction project

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 05048
Author(s):  
Maria Bovsunovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Cost Controlling ◽  
Controlling System ◽  
General Contractors ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Construction

The study is devoted to substantiating the need to develop a cost controlling system in order to improve the efficiency of investors, developers, customers, general contractors, as well as representatives of the banking system who are directly involved in the implementation of investment and construction projects. The paper summarizes the innovations of the Ministry of Construction, Housing and Utilities of the Russian Federation in the field of determining the cost of construction at the stages of the life cycle of an investment and construction project, and suggests their adaptation to the activities of commercial customers. The factors of the rise in the cost of construction in the modern conditions of the investment and construction sphere are systematized, including topical issues of the rise in cost due to the increase in prices of building materials. The main risks arising from the implementation of the project associated with an increase in cost are highlighted. As the results of the study, stages of construction cost control with a description of their content and a system of cost controlling of an investment and construction project are proposed.

CALCULATION OF BENDING ELEMENTS OF WOOD AFTER THE ACTION OF LOW-CYCLE REPEATED LOADS ON THE CRITERION OF DEFORMATION DESTRUCTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
E M Babich ◽  
S S Gomon
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Strain State ◽  
Repeated Loading ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Deformation Method ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Stress Strain State ◽  
Layer Deformation

Existing norms of design for wooden constructions valid in different countries including Ukraine entirely disregard the effect of low-cycle repeated loadings during the operation of buildings and structures. The article deals with development of the bearing capacity computation of the bending elements manufactured from solid and glue-laminated wood exposed to repeated loadings in accordance with the deformation model.Equilibrium equations for computing the bending element made of wood after being exposed to repeated loadings are presented in the article. The deformation method is proposed for the computation of the rectangular wooden beams manufactured from solid and glued laminated wood with allowance for the occurrence of folds in the compression zone.The results of the research allow designing the solid and glue-laminated wooden constructions taking into consideration the possibilities of the material and peculiar features of the performance of the element, which in turn will allow choosing the cross-section of the elements of building structures more economically.On the basis of the study of the process of layer deformation by section height and the determination of the characteristics of the stress-strain state of these layers under the effect of repeated loading, it is possible to fulfill more accurate computation of the elements manufactured from wood at different stages of the stress-strain state through destruction.

The impact of design approach and contracting practices on cost and execution period of school buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Abdullatif A. AlMunifi ◽  
Ibrahim Abdullah Alameri
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Implementation Period ◽  
Price Risks ◽  
Procurement Procedure ◽  
The Impact

More than two million school-age children in Yemen are unable to enroll in education because of a shortage of school buildings. This is one of the reasons the country missed the Millennium Development Goal of achieving Education for all by 2015. The struggle to afford school accommodation will continue, because of the lack of resources and high unit cost. Construction cost as time schedule for an identical school building vary by the implementing agency. This paper aims to study in-depth this multi-dimensional issue to find out the factors that lead to this variation, as well as the reasons for the high unit cost and lengthy periods of construction. To achieve this objective, comprehensive raw data that was resourced from agencies that are assigned to implement the largest part of the construction program along with data collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were utilized. Complete sets of design and contracting documents of representative schools were used for deeper analysis and evaluation. The analysis shows that the employed design approaches lead to large structural elements and consequently to longer implementation period and 30% increase in cost. It also shows that contractors add up to 20% for the client’s procurement procedure, approvals, and payment cycle. Additionally, bidders price risks related to accessibility to building sites, availability of building materials, and how trouble-prone is the region. The findings are of relevance to researchers, education planners, and practitioners as they are of high importance to policy makers and financiers whose main concern is to meet the growing need for school accommodation.

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