scholarly journals BALANÇOS DE MASSA E ENERGIA PARA O PROCESSO DE PRODUÇÃO DE HIDROGÊNIO POR REFORMA EM FASE AQUOSA DE GLICEROL

e-xacta ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
José Izaquiel Santos da Silva ◽  
Edilailsa Januário de Melo ◽  
Eduardo De Paulo Ferreira ◽  
Mariana Freitas Moura ◽  
Shirley Caroline Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Aqueous Phase Reforming ◽  
Energy Balances ◽  
Mass And Energy Balances

<p><em>O biodiesel vem sendo amplamente utilizado no mercado atual como uma alternativa de substituição aos combustíveis fósseis finitos. No final de sua produção, 10% da corrente de saída do processo é composta de glicerol. A conversão deste glicerol em hidrogênio é uma alternativa que visa agregar valor econômico a este subproduto. Sendo assim, este trabalho apresenta um estudo da reforma em fase aquosa de glicerol, subproduto de um processo de produção de biodiesel, utilizando catalisador de platina suportados em Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> para produção de hidrogênio. Para isto, os balanços de massa e energia foram analisados, onde os resultados mostraram uma corrente final constituída de hidrogênio e 4,66% de CO<sub>2</sub>,</em> <em>impactando em baixos gastos energéticos e gerando resíduos menos poluentes se comparados as rotas de reforma mais tradicionais empregadas na indústria</em><em>.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Abstract</em></p><p><em> Biodiesel is being widely used in the current market in place of fossil fuels. At the end of its production process, 10% of the output stream is comprised of glycerol. The conversion of this glycerol into hydrogen is an alternative that can add economic value to the by-product. This paper presents a study of the aqueous-phase reforming of glycerol, by product of a biodiesel production process, over platinum catalysts supported on Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> for hydrogen production. For this, the mass and energy balances were analyzed, where the results showed a final current constituted of hydrogen and only 4.66% of CO<sub>2</sub>, impacting on low energy costs and the generation of less polluting residues when compared to the used in industry.</em></p>

scholarly journals Determining the Unit Values of the Allocation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions for the Production of Biofuels in the Life Cycle

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8394
Author(s):  
Mariusz Niekurzak
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Allocation Method

Thanks to the allocation methods, i.e., the division of the total GHG emissions between each of the products generated in the production of biofuels, it is possible to reduce the emissions of these gases by up to 35% in relation to the production and combustion of fuels derived from crude oil. As part of this study, the biodiesel production process was analyzed in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. On the basis of the obtained results, the key factors influencing the emissions level of the biodiesel production process were identified. In order to assess the sensitivity of the results of the adopted allocation method, this study included calculations of GHG emissions with an allocation method based on mass, energy, and financial shares. The article reviews recent advances that have the potential to enable a sustainable energy transition, a green economy, and carbon neutrality in the biofuels sector. The paper shows that the technology used for the production of biodiesel is of great importance for sustainable development. The possibility of using renewable raw materials for the production of fuels leads to a reduction in the consumption of fossil fuels and lower emission of pollutants. It showed that during the combustion of biodiesel, the percentages of released gas components, with the exception of nitrogen oxides, which increased by 13%, were significantly lower: CO2—78%, CO—43%, SO2—100%, PM10—32%, and volatile hydrocarbons—63%. Moreover, it was found that biodiesel undergoes five times faster biodegradation in the environment than diesel oil.

Effects of Conductive Nanomaterials on Hydrogen Production During Electrolysis

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nageshkar ◽  
M. Srikanth ◽  
E. Jurak ◽  
R. Asmatulu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Hydrogen Molecules ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Conductive Nanomaterials ◽  
Splitting Water

The world will run out of cheap oil in 20–30 years, causing energy costs to rise, and probably hitting the economies of many nations. Time is now to look for alternative sources of energy, so that a gentle transition from fossil fuels to renewable sources can take place. While several research programs are being conducted mostly on the sun and wind energies, there is one more source that covers 71% of the Earth surface, which is water. Splitting water by electrolysis forms oxygen and hydrogen molecules. Hydrogen has several uses in energy generation, including fuel cells, hydrogen-powered engines and stations, heating, household use, and many others. In this experiment, conductive nanoparticles were dispersed into a tap water at 60 °C with 1M concentration of sulfuric acid solution, and then electric current was passed through the dispersion at different DC voltages, leading to the formation of hydrogen gas at the cathode — the negative side of the cell. The industrial hydrogen production using acid and pressure is very expensive, and at this stage cannot compete with the fossil fuels. However, adding the nanoparticles increased the yield of hydrogen at lower voltages by up to 80%.

scholarly journals Solar Energy for a Solvent Recovery Stage in a Biodiesel Production Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. León ◽  
Gisela Montero ◽  
Marcos Coronado ◽  
José R. Ayala ◽  
Conrado García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Recovery Stage ◽  
In Series ◽  
Change Problem

Recent research and development of clean energy have become essential due to the global climate change problem, which is caused largely by fossil fuels burning. Therefore, biodiesel, a renewable and ecofriendly biofuel with less environmental impact than diesel, continues expanding worldwide. The process for biodiesel production involves a significant energy demand, specifically in the methanol recovery stage through a flash separator and a distillation column. Traditionally, the energy required for this process is supplied by fossil fuels. It represents an opportunity for the application of renewable energy. Hence, the current study presents a system of thermal energy storage modeled in TRNSYS® and supported by simulations performed in ASPEN PLUS®. The aim of this research was to supply solar energy for a methanol recovery stage in a biodiesel production process. The results highlighted that it is feasible to meet 91% of the energy demand with an array of 9 parabolic trough collectors. The array obtained from the simulation was 3 in series and 3 in parallel, with a total area of 118.8 m2. It represents an energy saving of 70 MWh per year.

Process Integration and Feedstock Optimisation of a Two-Step Biodiesel Production Process from Jatropha Curcas Using Aspen Plus

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewale George Adeniyi ◽  
Joshua O Ighalo ◽  
Omodele A. A Eletta
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Surface Plot ◽  
Steady State Simulation ◽  
Numerical Optimisation

Abstract Jatropha curcas oil (JCO) has been recognized as a viable non-edible feedstock for biodiesel production with the focus of achieving lesser reliance on fossil fuels. The aim of this work is to integrate and simulate the production of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas oil by a two-step process; a hydrolysis step and a trans-esterification step. The challenge is then to optimise the feedstock ratios to obtain the minimal water and methanol consumption to give optimal biodiesel yield. For this purpose, steady-state simulation model of a two-step production process of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas oil was prepared using ASPEN Plus V8.8. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite design (CCD) was used to design optimisation experiments for the research work. From the ANOVA, methanol/oil ratio of the trans-esterification step was found to have a significant effect on the biodiesel yield compared to the water/oil ratio of the hydrolysis step. The linear model developed was shown to be a good predictor of feedstock ratios for biodiesel yield. The surface plot revealed that both feedstock ratios do not show a significant combinatorial effect on each other. Numerical optimisation gave the optimum values of the feedstock ratios as a methanol/oil ratio of 2.667 and a water/oil ratio of 1. The optimisation results also indicated a predicted optimum biodiesel yield of 10.0938 kg/hr.

scholarly journals Utilization of Barley Straw as Feedstock for the Production of Different Energy Vectors

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 726
Author(s):  
Merlin Raud ◽  
Lisandra Rocha-Meneses ◽  
Daniel J. Lane ◽  
Olli Sippula ◽  
Narasinha J. Shurpali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Process Economics ◽  
Biomass Residues ◽  
Process Waste ◽  
Energy Balances ◽  
Mass And Energy Balances

During the bioethanol production process, vast amounts of residues are generated as process waste. To extract more value from lignocellulosic biomass and improve process economics, these residues should be used as feedstock in additional processes for the production of energy or fuels. In this paper, barley straw was used for bioethanol production and the residues were valorized using anaerobic digestion (AD) or used for the production of heat and power by combustion. A traditional three-step bioethanol production process was used, and the biomass residues obtained from different stages of the process were analyzed. Finally, mass and energy balances were calculated to quantify material flow and assess the different technological routes for biomass utilization. Up to 90 kg of ethanol could be produced from 1 t of biomass and additional biogas and energy generated from processing residues can increase the energy yield to over 220%. The results show that in terms of energy output, combustion was the preferable route for processing biomass residues. However, the production of biogas is also an attractive solution to increase revenue in the bioethanol production process.

Biodiesel production from non-edible oils: A review

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Jatinder Kataria ◽  
Saroj Kumar Mohapatra ◽  
Amit Pal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
The World

The limited fossil reserves, spiraling price and environmental impact due to usage of fossil fuels leads the world wide researchers’ interest in using alternative renewable and environment safe fuels that can meet the energy demand. Biodiesel is an emerging renewable alternative fuel to conventional diesel which can be produced from both edible and non-edible oils, animal fats, algae etc. The society is in dire need of using renewable fuels as an immediate control measure to mitigate the pollution level. In this work an attempt is made to review the requisite and access the capability of the biodiesel in improving the environmental degradation.

HYDROGEN FROM HYDROGEN SULPHIDE IN BLACK SEA

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
S. Z. Baykara ◽  
E. H. Figen ◽  
A. Kale ◽  
T. N. Veziroglu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Fuel Processing ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Hydrogen sulphide, an acid gas, is generally considered an environmental pollutant. As an industrial byproduct, it is produced mostly during fuel processing. Hydrogen sulphide occurs naturally in many gas wells and also in gas hydrates and gas-saturated sediments especially at the bottom of the Black Sea where 90% of the sea water is anaerobic.The anoxic conditions exist in the deepest parts of the basin since nearly 7300 years, caused by the density stratification following the significant influx of the Mediterranean water through the Bosphorous nearly 9000 years ago. Here, H2S is believed to be produced by sulphur reducing bacteria at an approximate rate of 10 000 tons per day, and it poses a serious threat since it keeps reducing the life in the Black Sea. An oxygen–hydrogen sulphide interface is established at 150–200 m below the surface after which H2S concentration starts increasing regularly until 1000 m, and finally reaches a nearly constant value of 9.5 mg/l around 1500 m depth.Hydrogen sulphide potentially has economic value if both sulphur and hydrogen can be recovered. Several methods are studied for H2S decomposition, including thermal, thermochemical, electrochemical, photochemical and plasmochemical methods.In the present work, H2S potential in the Black Sea is investigated as a source of hydrogen, an evaluation of the developing prominent techniques for hydrogen production from H2S is made, and an engineering assessment is carried out regarding hydrogen production from H2S in the Black Sea using a process design based on the catalytic solar thermolysis approach. Possibility of a modular plant is considered for production at larger scale.

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