Effect of deficit irrigation and soil water content on tomato yield in the peruvian semi-arid coastline

Water scarcity and quality degradation represent real threats to economic, social, and environmental development of arid and semi-arid regions. Drip irrigation associated to Deficit Irrigation (DI) has been investigated as a water saving technique. Yet its environmental impacts on soil and groundwater need to be gone into in depth especially when using brackish irrigation water. Soil water content and salinity were monitored in a fully drip irrigated potato plot with brackish water (4.45 dSm−1) in semi-arid Tunisia. The HYDRUS-1D model was used to investigate the effects of different irrigation regimes (deficit irrigation (T1R, 70% ETc), full irrigation (T2R, 100% ETc), and farmer’s schedule (T3R, 237% ETc) on root water uptake, root zone salinity, and solute return flows to groundwater. The simulated values of soil water content (θ) and electrical conductivity of soil solution (ECsw) were in good agreement with the observation values, as indicated by mean RMSE values (≤0.008 m3·m−3, and ≤0.28 dSm−1 for soil water content and ECsw respectively). The results of the different simulation treatments showed that relative yield accounted for 54%, 70%, and 85.5% of the potential maximal value when both water and solute stress were considered for deficit, full. and farmer’s irrigation, respectively. Root zone salinity was the lowest and root water uptake was the same with and without solute stress for the treatment corresponding to the farmer’s irrigation schedule (273% ETc). Solute return flows reaching the groundwater were the highest for T3R after two subsequent rainfall seasons. Beyond the water efficiency of DI with brackish water, long term studies need to focus on its impact on soil and groundwater salinization risks under changing climate conditions.

Download Full-text

Relating surface backscatter response from TRMM Precipitation Radar to soil moisture: results over a semi-arid region

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/hessd-6-6425-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 6425-6454

Author(s):

H. Stephen ◽

S. Ahmad ◽

T. C. Piechota ◽

C. Tang

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Precipitation Radar ◽

Semi Arid

Abstract. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) carries aboard the Precipitation Radar (TRMMPR) that measures the backscatter (σ°) of the surface. σ° is sensitive to surface soil moisture and vegetation conditions. Due to sparse vegetation in arid and semi-arid regions, TRMMPR σ° primarily depends on the soil water content. In this study we relate TRMMPR σ° measurements to soil water content (ms) in Lower Colorado River Basin (LCRB). σ° dependence on ms is studied for different vegetation greenness values determined through Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). A new model of σ° that couples incidence angle, ms, and NDVI is used to derive parameters and retrieve soil water content. The calibration and validation of this model are performed using simulated and measured ms data. Simulated ms is estimated using Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model whereas measured ms is acquired from ground measuring stations in Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW). σ° model is calibrated using VIC and WGEW ms data during 1998 and the calibrated model is used to derive ms during later years. The temporal trends of derived ms are consistent with VIC and WGEW ms data with correlation coefficient (R) of 0.89 and 0.74, respectively. Derived ms is also consistent with the measured precipitation data with R=0.76. The gridded VIC data is used to calibrate the model at each grid point in LCRB and spatial maps of the model parameters are prepared. The model parameters are spatially coherent with the general regional topography in LCRB. TRMMPR σ° derived soil moisture maps during May (dry) and August (wet) 1999 are spatially similar to VIC estimates with correlation 0.67 and 0.76, respectively. This research provides new insights into Ku-band σ° dependence on soil water content in the arid regions.

Download Full-text

Investigating the Proper Application Rate of Nitrogen under Mulched Drip Irrigation to Improve the Yield and Quality of Tomato in Saline Soil

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10020293 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 293

Author(s):

Jifeng Zhang ◽

Zhenhua Wang ◽

Bihang Fan ◽

Yusheng Hou ◽

Yunqing Dou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

N Application ◽

Tomato Yield ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Application Rates ◽

Mulched Drip Irrigation

Xinjiang is one of the most prolific tomato-planting areas in China. Here, we carried out a two-year (2017–2018) field experiment in Xinjiang to study the effects of different nitrogen (N) application rates on the spatial distribution of water and salt in the root zone, as well as their impacts on the yield and quality of tomatoes under mulched drip irrigation. The ideal ranges of N application rates for tomato yield and quality were examined under different salinity levels. Results indicated that soil water content and salinity increased with soil depth. Soil water content was closely related to soil salinity but not to N. Among the tested application rates, tomato yield was highest under the medium-high N (225–300 kg/ha) and low salt (4 g/kg) treatment. Under the highest salt level (10 g/kg), the low nitrogen treatment (150 kg/ha) was better than the high N treatment (300 kg/ha) at boosting tomato yield. Moreover, we found that salinity had a stronger effect on tomato quality than N. Based on these results, we were able to recommend ideal ranges for N (155–201 kg/ha) and salt (3.56–5.59 g/kg) while both are present in the soil.

Download Full-text

Simulation of Canopy Cover, Soil Water Content and Yield Using FAO-AquaCrop Model under Deficit Irrigation Strategies

Russian Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.3103/s106836742003012x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 279-288

Author(s):

Mohmed A. M. Abdalhi ◽

Zhonghua Jia ◽

Wan Luo ◽

Osama O. Ali ◽

Cheng Chen

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Canopy Cover ◽

Cover Soil ◽

Aquacrop Model

Download Full-text

Estimating Soil Water Content and Evapotranspiration of Winter Wheat under Deficit Irrigation Based on SWAP Model

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12229451 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (22) ◽

pp. 9451

Author(s):

Xiaowen Wang ◽

Huanjie Cai ◽

Liang Li ◽

Xiaoyun Wang

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Treatment ◽

Water Dynamics ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Irrigation Amount ◽

Swap Model

Deficit irrigation strategy is essential for sustainable agricultural development in arid regions. A two−year deficit irrigation field experiment was conducted to study the water dynamics of winter wheat under deficit irrigation in Guanzhong Plain in Northwest China. Three irrigation levels were implemented during four growth stages of winter wheat: 100%, 80% and 60% of actual evapotranspiration (ET) measured by the lysimeter with sufficient irrigation treatment (CK). The agro−hydrological model soil−water−atmosphere−plant (SWAP) was used to simulate the components of the farmland water budget. Sensitivity analysis for parameters of SWAP indicated that the saturated water content and water content shape factor n were more sensitive than the other parameters. The verification results showed that the SWAP model accurately simulated soil water content (average relative error (MRE) < 21.66%, root mean square error (RMSE) < 0.07 cm3 cm−3) and ET (R2 = 0.975, p < 0.01). Irrigation had an important impact on actual plant transpiration, but the actual soil evaporation had little change among different treatments. The average deep percolation was 14.54 mm and positively correlated with the total irrigation amount. The model established using path analysis and regression methods for estimating ET performed well (R2 = 0.727, p < 0.01). This study provided effective guidance for SWAP model parameter calibration and a convenient way to accurately estimate ET with fewer variables.

Download Full-text

Differences in soil water content between perennial and annual forages and crops grown under deficit irrigation and used by the dairy industry

Field Crops Research ◽

10.1016/j.fcr.2012.07.013 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 137 ◽

pp. 148-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

J.S. Neal ◽

S.R. Murphy ◽

S. Harden ◽

W.J. Fulkerson

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Dairy Industry

Download Full-text

Water Use, Growth, and Fruit Yield of `Hosui' Asian Pears under Deficit Irrigation

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.119.3.383 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 119 (3) ◽

pp. 383-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Horst W. Caspari ◽

M. Hossein Behboudian ◽

David J. Chalmers

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Water Use ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Fruit Growth ◽

Volume Measurements ◽

Pyrus Serotina ◽

Return Bloom

Five-year old `Hosui' Asian pear (Pyrus serotina Rehder) trees growing in drainage lysimeters and trained onto a Tatura trellis were subjected to three different irrigation regimes. Weekly water use (WU) was calculated using the mass-balance approach. Soil-water content of control lysimeters was kept at pot capacity, while deficit irrigation was applied before [regulated deficit irrigation (RDI)] and during the period of rapid fruit growth [late deficit irrigation (LDI)]. Soil-water content was maintained at ≈50% and 75% of pot capacity for RDI and LDI, respectively. Deficit irrigation reduced mean WU during RDI and LDI by 20%. The reduced WU was caused by lower stomatal conductance (gs) on deficit-irrigated trees. RDI trees had more-negative diurnal leaf water potentials (ψl). The ψl, gs, and WU remained lower for 2 weeks after RDI was discontinued. RDI reduced shoot extension and summer pruning weights, whereas winter pruning weights were not different between treatments. Except for the final week of RDI, fruit growth was not reduced, and fruit from RDI grew faster than the control during the first week after RDI. In contrast, fruit volume measurements showed that fruit growth was clearly inhibited by LDI. Final fruit size and yield, however, were not different between treatments. Return bloom was reduced by RDI but was not affected by LDI.

Download Full-text

Tomato and Nightshade (Solanum nigrum L. and S. ptycanthum Dun.) Effects on Soil Water Content

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.117.5.730 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 117 (5) ◽

pp. 730-735 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Milton E. McGiffen ◽

John B. Masiunas ◽

Morris G. Huck

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Eastern Black Nightshade ◽

Black Nightshade ◽

Tomato Yield ◽

Solanum Nigrum L

Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the response of eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum), black nightshade (S. nigrum), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Heinz 6004) to water stress and the effect of nightshade-tomato competition on soil water content. In the greenhouse, plants were exposed to three water regimes induced by watering either daily, weekly, or biweekly. Water deficit caused a similar decrease in height, weight, and leaf area in all three species. There was more than a 50% reduction in height when the plants were watered biweekly compared with daily watering. Water stress caused a shift in biomass from shoots to roots in all three species. Black nightshade and tomato produced thinner leaves in response to water deficit. Companion field experiments were conducted during the 1989 and 1990 growing seasons in Urbana, Ill. Eastern black nightshade and black nightshade were transplanted at densities of 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, and 4.8 plants/m2, 5 days after tomatoes were transplanted. These nightshade densities caused significant reductions in soil water content. In 1989, only the highest density of either nightshade species reduced topsoil water content. In 1990, all densities of nightshade, except the two lowest densities of black nightshade, reduced topsoil water content. Eastern black nightshade consistently had a greater effect on tomato yield than black nightshade. Tomato yields averaged over both years were 17,000 and 8,000 kg·ha-1 at the highest (4.8 plants/m*) density of black and eastern black nightshade, respectively. The decrease in soil moisture from high densities of nightshade could not account for the reduced yields.

Download Full-text