scholarly journals Fecal microbiome change in patients with ulcerative colitis after fecal microbiota transplantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-175
Author(s):  
A. Y. Tikunov ◽  
V. V. Morozov ◽  
A. N. Shvalov ◽  
A. V. Bardasheva ◽  
E. V. Shrayner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Fecal Microbiome

Intestinal human microbiota is a dynamic system that is under the pressures of its host organism and external factors. Microbiota disruption caused by these factors can lead to severe diseases including inflammatory and oncological diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. One of the possible approaches in managing the intestinal microbiota is fecal microbiota transplantation (FT) – transfer of the microbiota from the stool of a healthy donor to the intestinal tract of a recipient patient. Currently, this procedure is recognized as an efficacious method to normalize the intestinal microbiota mainly in inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In Russia, pilot studies of the effectiveness of FT in patients with ulcerative colitis have been conducted for several years, and these studies were started in Novosibirsk. The aim of this study was to assess the change of intestinal microbiome in 20 patients with ulcerative colitis after a single FT procedure. The main method is a comparative analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA sequence libraries constructed using fecal samples obtained from patients with ulcerative colitis before and after FT and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The obtained results showed that FT led to an increase in average biodiversity in samples after FT compared to samples before FT; however, the difference was not significant. In the samples studied, the proportion of Firmicutes sequences, the major gastrointestinal microbiota of healthy people, was decreased (~32 % vs. >70 %), while the proportion of Proteobacteria sequences was increased (>9 % vs. <5 %). In some samples collected before FT, sequences of pathogenic Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were detected, including Acinetobacter spp., Enterococcusspp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Stenotrophomonas maltophylia, Streptococcusspp. In most cases, the proportion of such sequences after FT substantially decreased in appropriate samples. The exception was the Clostridiumdifficilesequences, which accounted for <0.5 % of the sequences in samples from almost half of the patients and after FT, the share of such C. difficilesequences was significantly reduced only in samples from three patients. It should be noted that the proportion of Lactobacillusspp. increased ten-fold and their species composition significantly expanded. According to the obtained results, a preliminary conclusion can be made that even a single FT procedure can lead to an increase in the biodiversity of the gastrointestinal microbiota in patients and to the optimization of the taxonomic composition of the microbiota.

scholarly journals New Developments in Microbiome in Alcohol-Associated and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillipp Hartmann ◽  
Bernd Schnabl
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

AbstractAlcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The intestinal microbiota is involved in the development and progression of both ALD and NAFLD. Here we describe associated changes in the intestinal microbiota, and we detail randomized clinical trials in ALD and NAFLD which evaluate treatments modulating the intestinal microbiome including fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and antibiotics. Finally, we discuss precision medicine approaches targeting the intestinal microbiome to ameliorate ALD and NAFLD.

Treatment and mechanism of fecal microbiota transplantation in mice with experimentally induced ulcerative colitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 153537022110060
Author(s):  
Leichang Zhang ◽  
Xiaofei Ma ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Wei Ge ◽  
Lixia Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Aminosalicylic Acid ◽  
Control Male ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Restoring intestinal microbiota dysbiosis with fecal microbiota transplantation is considered as a promising treatment for ulcerative colitis. However, the mechanisms underlying its relieving effects remain unclear. Ulcerative colitis pathogenesis is associated with the involvement of immune cells and inflammatory cytokines. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on T cell cytokines in a dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis mouse model. Five-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) was used as the positive control. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to control, model (UC), UC + FMT, and UC + 5-ASA groups. Each group consisted of five mice. The establishment of the mouse model was verified by fecal occult-blood screening and hematoxylin–eosin staining. Results showed that fecal microbiota transplantation reduced colonic inflammation, significantly decreased T helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells, interferon-gamma, interleukin-2 and interleukin-17, as well as significantly increased Th2 and regulatory T (Treg) cells, interleukin-4, interleukin-10, and transforming growth factor-beta, and improved routine blood count. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene-sequencing analysis showed a significant increase in the relative abundance of genus Akkermansia and a significant decrease in the relative abundance of genus Helicobacter in the ulcerative colitis group. Fecal microbiota transplantation restored the profile of the intestinal microbiota to that of the control group. These findings demonstrated the capability of fecal microbiota transplantation in controlling experimentally induced ulcerative colitis by improving Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg imbalance through the regulation of intestinal microbiota.

scholarly journals Current Status and Future Therapeutic Options for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

Medicina ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Sergii Tkach ◽  
Andrii Dorofeyev ◽  
Iurii Kuzenko ◽  
Nadiya Boyko ◽  
Tetyana Falalyeyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Donor ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fecal Material ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in maintaining human health, and its alteration is now associated with the development of various gastrointestinal (ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, constipation, etc.) and extraintestinal diseases, such as cancer, metabolic syndrome, neuropsychiatric diseases. In this context, it is not surprising that gut microbiota modification methods may constitute a therapy whose potential has not yet been fully investigated. In this regard, the most interesting method is thought to be fecal microbiota transplantation, which consists of the simultaneous replacement of the intestinal microbiota of a sick recipient with fecal material from a healthy donor. This review summarizes the most interesting findings on the application of fecal microbiota transplantation in gastrointestinal and extraintestinal pathologies.

scholarly journals Nutrition and Cancer Risk from the Viewpoint of the Intestinal Microbiome

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3326
Author(s):  
Yoshimu Tanaka ◽  
Shin Shimizu ◽  
Masahiko Shirotani ◽  
Kensho Yorozu ◽  
Kunihiro Kitamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Toxic Materials ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

There are various important factors in reducing the risk of cancer development and progression; these factors may correct an unbalanced intake of nutrients to maintain the living body’s homeostasis, detoxify toxic materials, acting as an external factor, and maintain and strengthen the body’s immune function. In a normal cell environment, nutrients, such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals, are properly digested and absorbed into the body, and, as a result, an environment in which cancer can develop and progress is prevented. It is necessary to prevent toxic materials from entering the body and to detoxify poisons in the body. If these processes occur correctly, cells work normally, and genes cannot be damaged. The most important factor in the fight against cancer and prevention of the development and progression of cancer is the immune system. This requires a nutritional state in which the immune system works well, allowing the intestinal microbiome to carry out all of its roles. In order to grow intestinal microbiota, the consumption of prebiotics, such as organic vegetables, fruits, and dietary fiber, and probiotics of effective intestinal microbiota, such as fermented foods and supplements, is required. Symbiosis, in which these organisms work together, is an effective means of reducing the risk of cancer. In addition, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using ultrafine bubble water, produced specially by the Association for Clinical Research of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Japan, is also useful for improving the nutritional condition and reducing the risk of cancer.

scholarly journals Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Ulcerative Colitis: An Evolving Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Sood ◽  
Arshdeep Singh ◽  
Vandana Midha ◽  
Ramit Mahajan ◽  
Dina Kao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Current State ◽  
Microbiome Profile ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is currently an approved treatment for recurrent and refractory Clostridioides difficile infection. However, its use in ulcerative colitis is at an early stage and significant gaps remain in our understanding of the mechanisms and logistics of its practical application. Methods and results This article aims to look into specific issues which remain unsettled for use of FMT in ulcerative colitis including donor and recipient selection, route of administration, and duration of therapy. We also discuss optimal ways to assess response to FMT and the current state of FMT regulations. In addition, we postulate the impact of diet on the microbiome profile of the donor and recipient. We also suggest a change in the nomenclature from FMT to fecal microbiome transfer. Conclusion FMT is an evolving therapy. There are several considerations for its use in UC but its use and role should be directed by further clinical trials.

scholarly journals Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2466
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Akutko ◽  
Andrzej Stawarski
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Alternative Form ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic inflammatory diseases of the digestive tract with periods of remission and relapses. The etiopathogenesis of IBD is multifactorial and has not been fully understood. Hence, only symptomatic treatment of these diseases is possible. The current pharmacological treatment has variable efficacy and is associated with the risk of significant side effects. Therefore, there is a constant need to search for new types of therapies with a high safety profile. Considering that the qualitative and quantitative profile of the gastrointestinal microbiome is often different in patients with IBD than in healthy individuals, there is a need for looking for therapies aimed at restoring intestinal microbiome homeostasis. Thus, the use of strictly defined probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics may become an alternative form of IBD therapy. There is evidence that treatment with certain probiotic strains, e.g., VSL#3 and Escherischia coli Nissle 1917, is an effective form of therapy to induce remission in patients with mild to moderate UC. So far, the effectiveness of the use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in inducing or maintaining remission in patients with CD has not been confirmed. There are also reports of possible beneficial effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on the course of IBD, especially UC. Further, well-planned studies on a large group of patients are needed to determine the role of specific probiotic strains, prebiotics, synbiotics and FMT in the treatment of IBD in adults and in children.

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