scholarly journals Scientific support of small fruit growing in Russia and prospects for its development

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-419
Author(s):  
I. M. Kulikov ◽  
S. M. Evdokimenko ◽  
T. A. Tumaeva ◽  
A. V. Kelina ◽  
F. F. Sazonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Fruit Growing

It is possible to achieve the target indices of the Russian Doctrine of Food Security (self-sufficiency in fruits and berries should be at least 60 %) by combining the competencies of science and business. At present, hundreds of varieties of small fruit crops are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Admitted for Use. Domestic breeders have obtained substantial results; the share of their assortment is 79–100 %. Federal Research Center of Horticulture (Moscow) (101 pcs.), Federal Altai Research Center of Agrobiotechnology (Barnaul) (85 pcs.), Michurin Federal Research Center (Michurinsk) (42 pcs.) are the leaders in the number of created hybrids and varieties. Over the past five years, 133 new breeding achievements of traditional small fruit crops have been submitted to the State variety testing, the originators of which are research institutions, private companies and individuals. The creation of modern seed-breeding (nursery-breeding) centers (SBC) on the basis of leading specialized research institutions is expected to be the solution to the problems of modern breeding and nursery breeding and to give impetus to the development of domestic small fruit growing. The research programs of the SBC involve an integrated approach that combines the knowledge and capabilities of researchers from different disciplines, the concentration of a complex analytical instrument base in the Centers of collective use, the using of biotechnological and molecular genetic research, along with traditional methods of breeding. An analysis of the achievements in small fruit growing in research institutions under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation revealed a huge scientific potential (genetic collections, hybrid funds) for creating competitive commercial varieties and technologies for their cultivation by establishing plantations with certified planting material in accordance with international requirements. Information from literary sources indicates that one of the main criteria for the value of varieties is resistance to harmful viral diseases. The cultivation of such varieties will reduce the cost of producing planting material for small fruit crops of the highest quality categories. In the near future, the most relevant areas for the breeding of small fruit crops will be: breeding for resistance to the most harmful viruses, winter hardiness, increased transportability and long-term post-harvest storage of fruits, suitability for mechanized cultivation, high content of biologically active substances.

State and perspectives of the breeding and growing in the modern horticulture of Ukraine minor fruit and soft fruit berries crops

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-78
Author(s):  
T.Z. Moskalets ◽  
◽  
I.V. Grynyk ◽  
V.V. Moskalets ◽  
M.O. Bublyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Budget Support ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Soft Fruit ◽  
State Financing ◽  
Active Substances

The authors have analysed the modern state and main tendencies of the minor fruit and fruit crops in Ukraine and substantiated the directions of the national breeding and industrial horticulture development. The search of the methods of the population is to form the improvement conjuncture the food market of the fruit with high content of the biologically active substances and raw material for the processing and food industries. The leading role in it belongs to the popularization and industrial cultivation of valuable fruit and small fruit crops. The success of this is possible only under bringing together the efforts of selectionists, manufacturers, technologers and processors. The area under industrial or-chards of the minor fruit and small fruit crops has appeared insufficient for meeting internal needs of the population in the fresh fruits and the products of their processing. This is due to the problems of both the theoretical character lack of the in-formation about the fruit crops consumer value, and the technological one the absence of all the necessary components of some crops cultivation: blueberry, cranberry, actinidia, blackberry etc., as well as of the sufficient number of the certified varieties of planting stock, including the varieties in the ‘State Register …’, low level of the national fruit-soft fruit berries processing industry. If the minor crops cultivation with the high content of the biologically active substances in their fruits and consumption of them in the sufficient amount in fresh and processed forms, is on the industrial basis. It will contribute to the improvement of the population health, to the development of the national fruits and small fruits products market and to the increase of the berries export to EU, to entering new markets. The development of the market for fresh fruits and soft fruit berries is supported by it is the state financing (insurance, subsidies, partial compensation for the establishment of fruit and soft fruit berriy plantations, preferential taxation and lending), provided by the sectoral budget support program that will contribute to the fresh fruits and soft fruit berries market development as well.

scholarly journals THE MANUSCRIPT BY S. A. AVIZHANSKAYA ON THE BASHKIR WEDDING

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (49) ◽  
pp. 187-203
Author(s):  
Farida Galieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
Applied Art ◽  
State Museum ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Sofia Aleksandrovna Avizhanskaya is known for her research in the field of decorative and applied art of the Bashkirs and the Bashkir collections she collected for the State Museum of Ethnography of the Peoples of the USSR. However, her contribution to ethnographic science is not limited to this. The proposed publication introduces into scientific circulation Avizhanskaya’s manuscript about the Bashkir wedding, discovered in the Scientific Archives of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the 1956 field diary of Rail Gumerovich Kuzeev. The author supplements these materials with the information contained in Avizhanskaya’s expeditionary report, and highlights their novelty and uniqueness using our own field records of recent years. Archival sources indicate that during joint field research, Kuzeev often served as Avizhanskaya’s translator from Bashkir into Russian, including the story of a wedding, and shared his knowledge of the history and life of the Bashkirs. This helped Avizhanskaya to study the territorial features of the national costume, economic activities, food systems and other areas of the ethnography of the Bashkirs. For her part, she passed on the experience of expeditionary work. A record of the Bashkir “red wedding” made jointly by Avizhanskaya and Kuzeev fills in the source gap in the study of the Bashkir ritual of the mid-20th century. The manuscript presents the local features of the northeastern Bashkirs, preserved traditions, including the institution of “planted parents”, as well as other ethnic and Soviet customs that have penetrated into ritualism.

scholarly journals Features of the strawberry field repository formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-724
Author(s):  
M. T. Upadyshev ◽  
T. A. Tumaeva ◽  
A. A. Borisova ◽  
N. V. Andronova ◽  
A. D. Petrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Arabis Mosaic Virus ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Intact Plants ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Horticultural Research

For the successful functioning of a breeding and nursery center of scientific and practical work with fruit and small fruit crops, an important task is to create repositories, including thosein the field. A field repository is a plant gene bank based in accordance with international standards on planting material that is free from dangerous pathogens, including viruses, representing tested for productivity typical plants.For the purpose of a comparative study of promising varieties, hybrids and clones-candidates for original plants, a field repository and mother plantation of strawberries clones and varieties have been created on the territory of the Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery.As a result of research in 2015-2020, 386 high-yielding strawberry plants were selected and tested for the main harmful viruses using diagnostic kits from “Loewe” firm (Germany). The prevalence of harmful Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Raspberry ringspot virus (RpRSV), Tomato black ring virus (TBRV), Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in strawberry plantations depended on the area cultivation, varietal composition of plantings and ranged from 31 to 69 %. The prevalence of viruses RpRSV (up to 36 %), TBRV (up to 31 %) and CMV (up to 22 %) was established. The high efficiency of dry-air thermotherapy for the recovery of strawberries with the number of virus-free intact plants of 56 % has been shown.A genebank of "candidates for original plants" has been formed from 234 strawberry plants of 39 varieties and hybrids, which, after confirming their status by PCR, will be transferred to the category of "original plants".

Genetic diversity of modern strawberry varieties of domestic breeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
L. A. Marchenko
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
The State ◽  
Research Center ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Third ◽  
State Register ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
Strawberry Breeding ◽  
Domestic Breeding

The object of research was the pedigrees of strawberry varieties. An analysis of the genetic relationship of 129 varieties of domestic strawberry breeding, 6 parent forms, 2 of which are foreign varieties was carried out. Until the 1930s, strawberry culture in the USSR was based exclusively on Western European varieties: König Albert von Sachsen, Roschinskaya, Victoria, White Pine, Apricose, Konigin Luise, Noble Laxton, Siger, Spate von Leopoldshall, Kent’s Miracle, Sharpliss, Muto, etc. During the transition to the commercial production, these varieties were not insufficiently tolerant, which required the creation of a new assortment for various conditions of cultivation, and served as the beginning of the implementation of domestic strawberry breeding programs. At present, the State register of breeding achievements approved for use in 2020 includes 106 strawberry varieties, of which 82 are of domestic breeding. Existing domestic varieties have different geographical origins. The main Centers for strawberry breeding are: All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, I.V. Michurin Federal Research Center, N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, North Caucasus Federal Research Center For Horticulture, Viticulture, and Winemaking, etc. Initially, the parent forms for creating a domestic assortment were European and American varieties: Culver, Deutsch Evern, Georg Soltwedel, Konigin Luise, Markee, König Albert von Sachsen Marshall, Macherauchs Marieva, Macherauchs Fruhernte, Muto, Premier, Red Coat, Red Gauntlet, Robinson, Senga Sengana, Sieger, Sparkle, Spate von Leopoldshall, Wander von Kothen. Analysis of pedigrees of 135 varieties from the 23 literature sources allowed to identify the most effective in the formation of domestic assortment genotypes of strawberry: Komsomolska (10 varieties in the first generation; 12 in the second; 14 in the third, 2 in the fourth), Mysovka (12 varieties in the first generation; 20 in the second; 21 – in the third; 2 in the fourth), Obilnaya (7 varieties in the first generation; 22 – the second; 20 for the third; 6 for the fourth), Festivalnaya (21 varieties in the first generation; 19 – in the second; 6 in the third), Culver (20 varieties in the first generation; 16 – in the second, 3 – in the third), Senga Sengana (13 varieties in the first generation; 7 – in the second; 4-in the third). The originator of 37.8% of domestic varieties included in the State register is the Obilnaya variety (Wander von Kothen × Deutsch Evern). On the basis of the Festivalnaya variety obtained with his participation (Obilnaya × Premier), an assortment was created that has not lost its relevance at the present time (26 varieties are included in the State register). The varieties Mysovka (Wander von Kothen × Deutsch Evern) and Zenga Zengana (Markee × Sieger) are included in the pedigree of 13 and 14 modern varieties, respectively. Based on the Komsomolka and Culver varieties, 7 and 9 varieties were created, respectively, which are currently included in the State register. Intraspecific hybridization has not exhausted the possibility of creating a genetically diverse breeding material. Taking into account the fact that domestic varieties often have closely related origin, it is desirable to involve introduced forms and varieties obtained with their participation in the breeding process more widely. The results of using various methods of breeding (inbreeding, saturating crosses) indicate that it is possible to further improve strawberry varieties creating donors of a high level of economically valuable traits. The current level of scientific knowledge and development of biotechnological research allows us to “model” varieties, including in the genotype of strawberry genes and gene blocks of valuable traits from closely related species, reducing the duration of the breeding process.

Lawful regulation of the nursery branch in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-240
Author(s):  
V.M. Kostenko ◽  
◽  
O.V. Ivanova ◽  
I.V. Ivanova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Agricultural Economics ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Planting Stock ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Small Fruit

The authors have analyzed the role of the nursery practice in the agricultural economics of Ukraine. The specificity of the technologies, organizational structures has been described as well as the material means of the production of the planting stock of the fruit and small fruit crops and grape. The comprehensive enumeration of the legislative acts and normative and lawful documents has been presented with which the state regulates the economic and organizational and lawful relations in the above mentioned industries. The latest three years data have been presented concerning the state financial support of the economic agents that establish young orchards, vineyards and hop gardens. The purpose and state have been noted of building the scientific-manufacturer biotechnological hothouse complex for the production of the high quality basic material on the basis of the principal scientific institution of the horticultural branch - Institute of Horticulture of NAAS of Ukraine. The calculations have been presented contained in the Programmer of the Development of the Horticulture of Ukraine up to 2025 as regards the necessity of planting new orchards end small fruit plantations in order to meet the needs of the population and processing enterprises and increase the vitamin product’s export. The analysis was corried out of the indices of the energy expenditures on the establishment of a hectare of a grape plantation. The methods of the perennial crops growing reproduction have been depicted. The necessity of the transfer of the nursery, farms on the virus-free standard planting stock adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the concrete region has been substantiated of as well as of the establishment of new parental plantation of fruit and small fruit crops and grape, creation of parental-seed and parental-cutting gardens, of parental gardens of the grapevine rootstocks and graft sticks and nurseries for manufacturing of the necessary amount of the planting stock of the modern crop and varietal composition in Ukraine. The analysis has been conducted of the changes in the legislature of Ukraine which could be useful for seed growing. The problems of the nursery sector have been determined that require solving yet at the legislative level. The concrete propositions must be presented in the form of the recurrent changes in the law of Ukraine ‘On Seeds and Planting Stock’.

History and present time of the L.P. Symyrenko Research Station of Pomology of the Institute of Horticulture, NAAS of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
I.V. Grynyk ◽  
◽  
V.V. Filiov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
The State ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
State Register ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
History Of ◽  
Institution Formation ◽  
Fruit Growing

The paper is devoted to the centenary of the L.P. Symyrenko Research Station of Pomology foundation. The authors have depicted the main stages of the institution formation and development and elucidated its principal scientific achievements. The history of the station began with the creation of the greatest in Russian Empire nursery farm by the outstanding Ukrainian pomologist Levko Platonovych Symyrenko near Mliiv (the now Cherkasy region). As early as in 1912 the cultivars of different plants numbered almost to 3 thousand here. On November 25, 1920 according to the decision of the Board of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture of the Ukrainian SSR the Mliiv Horticultural and Truck Gardening Research Station was created on the basis of the above mentioned nursery. Its first director was L.P. Symyrenko’s son Volodymyr Levkovych, who embodied the creative ideas of the great-grandfather, grandfather and father, realized the cause of several generations of the Symyrenkos. He was a real founder of the Ukrainian horticulture, namely: created and developed all the attributes of Ukrainian pomology, systems of research institutions and state nurseries and the State "Pomological Book". V.L. Symyrenko, professors L.M. Ro and V.P. Popov, research worker M.A. Grossheim and others were major organizers of the station. With their direct participation the departments of horticulture, vegetable growing, entomology, agricultural meteorology, phytopathology, technical processing of fruits and small fruits, agrochemistry ets. were founded and functioned by 1927 already. In 1958 the station was named after L.P. Symyrenko. In the April of 1989 on the initiative of its then director M.M. Artemenko and with the support of the scientific collective it was reorganized as the Mliiv L.P. Symyrenko Research Institute of Horticulture of the Lisosteppe of Ukraine, in 1992 in accordance with tho order of the Presidium of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences (UAAS) renamed as Mliiv L.P. Symyrenko Institute of Horticulture of UAAS and in 2006 as L.P. Symyrenko Institute of Pomology of UAAS. In 2017 it was reorganized as the L.P. Symyrenko Research Station of Pomology of the Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences (NAAS). Today, it is one of the leading scientific institutions of the NAAS system in the horticultural branch. The scientific and research works are carried out in conformity with the four scientific and technical programmes of NAAS: “Genetical Resources of Plants”, “Horticulture and Small-Fruit Growing”, “Plant Protection” and “Agrarian Economics”. The main direction of the institution research activity is the elaboration of the scientific basis of the preservation and spread of the genetic versatility of the fruit, small fruit, nuciferous and minor crops. At present more than 3,000 varieties of fruit, small fruit, nuciferous and ornamental crops are studied in the collectional plantations. That is the valuable genetic fund of Ukraine. Today 72 varieties bred by the Mliiv Research Station have been entered into the State Register of the Plant Cultivars Favourable for the Spread in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Ecological aspects of regional fruit production development in the Samara Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Maria Ivanovna Antipenko ◽  
Anatoly Nikolaevich Minin ◽  
Anna Borisovna Petrova ◽  
Lyudmila Mikhailovna Kavelenova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Fruit Growing

Fruits and berries previously perceived as a pleasant addition to the main human meal are considered today as a leading component of a healthy diet, a source of various vitamins, minerals, biologically active secondary plant metabolites, which are components of functional food products. Until now, the per capita consumption of fresh fruits by the population of our country remains insufficient, the predominance of imported fruits in the diet has not stopped. In the Samara Region private gardens rather than industrial orchards (for which the unambiguous predominance of the apple tree is inherent) remain the main producers of fruits (cherries, plums, apricots, etc.) and raspberries. Further development of regional fruit growing in the Samara Region has undoubted prospects. In the presence of weather features that negatively affect the development of fruit crops, the climate of the region is characterized by a sufficient level of heat supply, localities suitable for fruit crops cultivation are presented in its soil cover, and their assortment recommended for the Middle Volga region is quite diverse and continues to expand. The authors of the paper using materials from foreign scientific publications demonstrated examples of the analysis of processes used in modern literature that combines ecological and economic approaches in relation to agroecosystems activities (ecological footprint EF, carbon footprint CF and water footprint WF). The use of approaches to assessing the water and carbon footprint of agroecosystems, which have not yet become widespread among specialists in our country, opens up prospects for analyzing the existing conditions and developing a strategy for ecological and economic extension of regional fruit growing.

scholarly journals Molecular marking and genetic certification: application in plant breeding, biotechnology and identification of horticultural crops

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
A. A. Yankovskaya ◽  
I. V. Knyazeva ◽  
M. T. Upadishev
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Small Fruit

The analysis of contemporary research on molecular marking and genetic certification for use in breeding, biotechnology and identification of horticultural crops is carried out. In Russia and abroad, active work is underway on the identification and certification of garden crops: apple, pear, various types of stone fruit crops, raspberry, strawberry, currant and gooseberry. Currently, the most effective and frequently used are SSR markers. Genetic certificates have been elaborated for many fruit and small fruit crops, which are used in breeding research, works on the study of genetic diversity, in variety diagnosis and diagnosis of pathogens and genealogy analysis. In previous studies using SSR markers, 16 apple varieties, 10 cherry varieties, 29 raspberry varieties and 12 pear varieties of ARHIBAN contemporary breeding were genotyped. The appearance of plant genetic certificates contributed to the development of marker-oriented breeding, making it possible to identify and select genotypes carrying target genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) using only DNA analysis data without preliminary phenotypic evaluation. Molecular genetics certificate can serve as a reliable tool to protect the copyright of breeders. In conditions of Russian Federation it is necessary to expand researches of genomic analysis of fruit and small fruit crops, improve and unify the methods of DNA identification and molecular marking techniques, develop common requirements for the level of information content of markers, principles and methods of evaluation of planting material and collections in vitro. The researchers are faced with the task of creating a clear system of molecular-genetic identification and certification of planting material, which will allow to develop and introduce into production varieties with known characteristics, to control plant material at all stages of nursery and commercial distribution of varieties.

scholarly journals The principles of phytosanitary control of dangerous phytophages of small fruit crops in the production of planting material

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 272-277
Author(s):  
A. S. Zeynalov ◽  
◽  
K. V. Metlitskaya ◽  
T. N. Churilina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Small Fruit
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