scholarly journals Ecological aspects of regional fruit production development in the Samara Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Maria Ivanovna Antipenko ◽  
Anatoly Nikolaevich Minin ◽  
Anna Borisovna Petrova ◽  
Lyudmila Mikhailovna Kavelenova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Fruit Growing

Fruits and berries previously perceived as a pleasant addition to the main human meal are considered today as a leading component of a healthy diet, a source of various vitamins, minerals, biologically active secondary plant metabolites, which are components of functional food products. Until now, the per capita consumption of fresh fruits by the population of our country remains insufficient, the predominance of imported fruits in the diet has not stopped. In the Samara Region private gardens rather than industrial orchards (for which the unambiguous predominance of the apple tree is inherent) remain the main producers of fruits (cherries, plums, apricots, etc.) and raspberries. Further development of regional fruit growing in the Samara Region has undoubted prospects. In the presence of weather features that negatively affect the development of fruit crops, the climate of the region is characterized by a sufficient level of heat supply, localities suitable for fruit crops cultivation are presented in its soil cover, and their assortment recommended for the Middle Volga region is quite diverse and continues to expand. The authors of the paper using materials from foreign scientific publications demonstrated examples of the analysis of processes used in modern literature that combines ecological and economic approaches in relation to agroecosystems activities (ecological footprint EF, carbon footprint CF and water footprint WF). The use of approaches to assessing the water and carbon footprint of agroecosystems, which have not yet become widespread among specialists in our country, opens up prospects for analyzing the existing conditions and developing a strategy for ecological and economic extension of regional fruit growing.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the world and Russian production of fruits products (apples and pears)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Lyubov Georgievna Demenina ◽  
Anna Borisovna Petrova ◽  
Kristina Andreevna Savitskaya ◽  
Lyudmila Mikhailovna Kavelenova
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Rosaceae Family ◽  
Active Substances

The paper deals with the peculiarities of the biological characteristics of the most important fruit crops of temperate climates - apple and pear (Rosaceae family, subfamily Maloideae), taking into account the world, national and regional cultivation. Both cultures are characterized by significant food and commodity value, have some differences in the chemical composition of the fruit, including the leading components of the mass and biologically active substances, which determine the peculiarities of their use in the human diet. In both global and national fruit-growing, pears play a secondary role compared to apple, giving way to the number of varieties, the volume of production and the areas occupied. Based on the analysis of available statistical data of the FAO database, the dynamics of changes from 1990 to 2016 of the world production of apple and pear fruits with visualization on the continents, identifying world leaders and major trends are considered. For the USSR (from 1962 to 1990) and in Russian Federation (from 1992 to 2016) the paper presents a picture of changes in the volume of fruit production, discusses the status of fruit production in the country. The features of the historical development and current state of fruit growing in the Samara Region and prospects are discussed.

scholarly journals Greenhouse cultivation of fruit crops with special reference to India: An overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-260
Author(s):  
Rajkumar Jat ◽  
Vijay P. Singh ◽  
Virendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Fruit Cultivation ◽  
National Productivity ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Greenhouse Cultivation ◽  
Quality Production

India is facing various challenges in fruit cultivation viz., climate change, increasing pressure on natural resources, decreasing land tenure with the ever-increasing population. Besides this, the demand for quality fruit is also on the rise as people are now more aware of a nutritious and healthy diet. The quality with higher production is difficult with the traditional system of cultivation and requires a more scientific approach in cultivation. Greenhouse cultivation technology can enhance quality and quantity both. This technology is required to convert some portion of the present 6.5 million ha of the fruit-growing area to increase national productivity and product quality. The purpose of greenhouse cultivation is to grow crops by altering the micro-environment surrounding the crop so that the plant performs maximum to its genetic potential. It also increases the yield, improves the quality and stability of production and makes commodities available when there is no outdoor production. China is the world leader in greenhouse fruit production with the largest area under this technology. In India, greenhouse fruit cultivation is in its infancy as the only strawberry is commercially being grown under greenhouses. However, in fluctuating environmental conditions and losses in fruit crops due to various biotic and abiotic stresses, protecting the fruit crops for the off-season, quality and higher production will be a necessity in future. Keeping in view the low productivity of fruit crops in India and future needs of round the year quality production, an overview of work and cultivation scenario on this aspect is discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Changes in the Spatial Organisation of Fruit Growing at the Beginning of the 21St Century: The Case of Grójec Poviat (Mazovia Voivodeship, Poland)

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Wójcik ◽  
Anna Traczyk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Spatial Organisation ◽  
Fruit Growing

Abstract This paper is meant to determine trends in changes in the organisation of fruit production at the beginning of the 21st century. It focuses on the determination of those trends as well as their circumstances. The analysis of changes in the organisation of fruit production was made using Grójec poviat as an example. The accession of Poland to the European Union resulted in the intensification of processes of specialisation and concentration in agriculture, due to which the area occupied by orchards started to grow systematically. With the growing area and the intensification of fruit crops, quantities of fruits produced also increased. Currently, Poland is one of the biggest fruit manufacturers in Europe, with Grójec poviat being the biggest producer in Poland.

scholarly journals Secondary Metabolites-Derived Polymers: A Potential Approach to Diminish Microbial Infection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Jumaili ◽  
Avishek Kumar ◽  
Kateryna Bazaka ◽  
Mohan V. Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Secondary Plant

The persistent issue of bacterial and fungal colonization of artificial implantable materials and decreasing efficacy of conventional systemic antibiotics used to treat implant-associated infections has led to the development of a wide range of antifouling and antibacterial strategies. This article reviews one such strategy where inherently biologically active renewable resources, i.e. secondary plant metabolites (SPMs) and their naturally occurring combinations (i.e. essential oils) are used for surface functionalization and synthesis of polymer thin films. With a distinct mode of antibacterial activity, broad spectrum of action and diversity of available chemistries, secondary plant metabolites present an attractive alternative to conventional antibiotics. However, their conversion from liquid to solid phase without significant loss of activity is not trivial. Using select examples, this article shows how plasma techniques provide a sufficiently flexible and chemically reactive environment to enable the synthesis of biologically-active polymer-coatings from volatile renewable resources.

scholarly journals Extraction of Polyphenolic Compounds from Grape Pomace

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia PAUN ◽  
Violeta NICULESCU
Keyword(s):  
Grape Seed ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Biologically Active Compound ◽  
Grape Skins ◽  
By Products

Plant polyphenolic compounds have been extensively studied and their antioxidant activity has been identified in several agricultural by- products, such as grape pomace. Grape seed in pomace is a good source of pro-anthocyanidins. Beside the seeds, grape skins in pomace represent a potentially important global source of trans-resveratrol. Trans-resveratrol, as a biologically active compound is one of the secondary plant metabolites, (Balasundram et al., 2006).

scholarly journals Scientific support of small fruit growing in Russia and prospects for its development

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-419
Author(s):  
I. M. Kulikov ◽  
S. M. Evdokimenko ◽  
T. A. Tumaeva ◽  
A. V. Kelina ◽  
F. F. Sazonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Fruit Growing

It is possible to achieve the target indices of the Russian Doctrine of Food Security (self-sufficiency in fruits and berries should be at least 60 %) by combining the competencies of science and business. At present, hundreds of varieties of small fruit crops are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Admitted for Use. Domestic breeders have obtained substantial results; the share of their assortment is 79–100 %. Federal Research Center of Horticulture (Moscow) (101 pcs.), Federal Altai Research Center of Agrobiotechnology (Barnaul) (85 pcs.), Michurin Federal Research Center (Michurinsk) (42 pcs.) are the leaders in the number of created hybrids and varieties. Over the past five years, 133 new breeding achievements of traditional small fruit crops have been submitted to the State variety testing, the originators of which are research institutions, private companies and individuals. The creation of modern seed-breeding (nursery-breeding) centers (SBC) on the basis of leading specialized research institutions is expected to be the solution to the problems of modern breeding and nursery breeding and to give impetus to the development of domestic small fruit growing. The research programs of the SBC involve an integrated approach that combines the knowledge and capabilities of researchers from different disciplines, the concentration of a complex analytical instrument base in the Centers of collective use, the using of biotechnological and molecular genetic research, along with traditional methods of breeding. An analysis of the achievements in small fruit growing in research institutions under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation revealed a huge scientific potential (genetic collections, hybrid funds) for creating competitive commercial varieties and technologies for their cultivation by establishing plantations with certified planting material in accordance with international requirements. Information from literary sources indicates that one of the main criteria for the value of varieties is resistance to harmful viral diseases. The cultivation of such varieties will reduce the cost of producing planting material for small fruit crops of the highest quality categories. In the near future, the most relevant areas for the breeding of small fruit crops will be: breeding for resistance to the most harmful viruses, winter hardiness, increased transportability and long-term post-harvest storage of fruits, suitability for mechanized cultivation, high content of biologically active substances.

scholarly journals Flavonoids: A Myth or a Reality for Cancer Therapy?

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3583
Author(s):  
Cinzia Forni ◽  
Massimiliano Rossi ◽  
Ilaria Borromeo ◽  
Giordana Feriotto ◽  
Giovambattista Platamone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Nutraceuticals are biologically active molecules present in foods; they can have beneficial effects on health, but they are not available in large enough quantities to perform this function. Plant metabolites, such as polyphenols, are widely diffused in the plant kingdom, where they play fundamental roles in plant development and interactions with the environment. Among these, flavonoids are of particular interest as they have significant effects on human health. In vitro and/or in vivo studies described flavonoids as essential nutrients for preventing several diseases. They display broad and promising bioactivities to fight cancer, inflammation, bacterial infections, as well as to reduce the severity of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases or diabetes. Therefore, it is not surprising that interest in flavonoids has sharply increased in recent years. More than 23,000 scientific publications on flavonoids have described the potential anticancer activity of these natural molecules in the last decade. Studies, in vitro and in vivo, show that flavonoids exhibit anticancer properties, and many epidemiological studies confirm that dietary intake of flavonoids leads to a reduced risk of cancer. This review provides a glimpse of the mechanisms of action of flavonoids on cancer cells.

Carbon footprint and water footprint assessment of virgin and recycled polyester textiles

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110062
Author(s):  
Weiran Qian ◽  
Xiang Ji ◽  
Pinghua Xu ◽  
Laili Wang
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Polyester Fabric ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Fabric Production ◽  
Water Eutrophication

Recycled polyester textile fibers stemming from waste polyester material have been applied in the textile industry in recent years. However, there are few studies focusing on the evaluation and comparison of the environmental impacts caused by the production of virgin polyester textiles and recycled polyester textiles. In this study, the carbon footprint and water footprint of virgin polyester textiles and recycled polyester textiles were calculated and compared. The results showed that the carbon footprint of the virgin polyester textiles production was 119.59 kgCO2/100 kg. Terephthalic acid production process occupied the largest proportion, accounting for 45.83%, followed by polyester fabric production process, ethylene production process, paraxylene production process, ethylene glycol production process and polyester fiber production process. The total carbon footprint of waste polyester recycling was 1154.15 kgCO2/100 kg, approximately ten times that of virgin polyester textiles production. As for the water footprint, it showed that virgin polyester fabric production and recycled polyester fabric production both had great impact on water eutrophication and water scarcity. Chemical oxygen demand caused the largest water eutrophication footprint, followed by ammonia-nitrogen and five-day biochemical oxygen demand. The water scarcity footprint of virgin polyester fabric production and recycled polyester fabric production was 5.98 m3 H2Oeq/100 kg and 1.90 m3 H2Oeq/100 kg, respectively. The comprehensive evaluation of carbon footprint and water footprint with the life cycle assessment polygon method indicated that the polyester fabric production process exhibited greater environmental impacts both for virgin polyester and recycled polyester.

scholarly journals Target screening of plant secondary metabolites in river waters by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulatu Yohannes Nanusha ◽  
Martin Krauss ◽  
Carina D. Schönsee ◽  
Barbara F. Günthardt ◽  
Thomas D. Bucheli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Target Screening

Abstract Background Substantial efforts have been made to monitor potentially hazardous anthropogenic contaminants in surface waters while for plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) almost no data on occurrence in the water cycle are available. These metabolites enter river waters through various pathways such as leaching, surface run-off and rain sewers or input of litter from vegetation and might add to the biological activity of the chemical mixture. To reduce this data gap, we conducted a LC–HRMS target screening in river waters from two different catchments for 150 plant metabolites which were selected from a larger database considering their expected abundance in the vegetation, their potential mobility, persistence and toxicity in the water cycle and commercial availability of standards. Results The screening revealed the presence of 12 out of 150 possibly toxic PSMs including coumarins (bergapten, scopoletin, fraxidin, esculetin and psoralen), a flavonoid (formononetin) and alkaloids (lycorine and narciclasine). The compounds narciclasine and lycorine were detected at concentrations up to 3 µg/L while esculetin and fraxidin occurred at concentrations above 1 µg/L. Nine compounds occurred at concentrations above 0.1 µg/L, the Threshold for Toxicological Concern (TTC) for non-genotoxic and non-endocrine disrupting chemicals in drinking water. Conclusions Our study provides an overview of potentially biologically active PSMs in surface waters and recommends their consideration in monitoring and risk assessment of water resources. This is currently hampered by a lack of effect data including toxicity to aquatic organisms, endocrine disruption and genotoxicity and demands for involvement of these compounds in biotesting.

General principle of primary and secondary plant metabolites: Biogenesis, metabolism, and extraction

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji ◽  
Santwana Palai ◽  
Chika Precious Ekwuabu ◽  
Chukwuebuka Egbuna ◽  
Juliana Bunmi Adetunji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Principle ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant
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