scholarly journals Neurorehabilitation in cognitive disorders in patients with neurosurgical brain pathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
N. E. Ivanova ◽  
M. Y. Efimova ◽  
T. M. Alekseeva ◽  
M. L. Pospelova ◽  
A. S. Lepekhina
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Neurosurgical Patients ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Cortical Functions

Background. Neurosurgical pathology of the brain is an urgent problem of modern medicine. Existing models of cognitive rehabilitation are based on neuropsychological correction. The literature does not contain enough information about the effect of medical and physiotherapeutic techniques on higher nervous activity.Objective. To assess the effect of neurorehabilitation in cognitive impairment in patients with neurosurgical brain pathology.Design and methods. The dynamics of cognitive impairment was studied in 165 neurosurgical patients (72 men, 93 women, average age 52.82 ± 14.79 years) at the second stage of rehabilitation. The severity of the deficit of higher cortical functions was assessed upon admission and after 30 days in the rehabilitation department. Roschina test, MMSE, FAB, HDRS were used to detect depression.Results. When analyzing the dynamics of indicators for scoring higher cortical functions, it was found that in all groups of patients, cognitive rehabilitation led to positive results.Conclusion. The combined use of neuropsychological, medical and physiotherapeutic techniques can significantly improve the results of rehabilitation treatment.

scholarly journals Addressing a continuum of recovery after acquired brain injury

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS A. NOVACK ◽  
BRICK JOHNSTONE
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Injured Brain ◽  
Opportune Time

In their dialogue published in JINS, Wilson (1997) and Prigatano (1997) have eloquently and concisely presented the challenges facing neuropsychology with respect to cognitive rehabilitation. However, both authors neglect two important issues that must be addressed if people with cognitive disorders are to be effectively treated. First, cognitive impairment must be treated during the acute stages of recovery; as to ignore cognitive deficits until patients are more fully recovered may bypass an opportune time for intervention. Evidence is mounting that the injured brain adapts to the losses sustained and that the adaptation will be enhanced by increasing interaction with the environment, as compared to more passive states (Johansson & Ohlsson, 1996; Stein et al., 1995). Given such information, it is difficult to justify withholding cognitive stimulation and remediation from people during acute stages of recovery and instead awaiting a point when spontaneous recovery (presumably) will be complete.

Multiple Sclerosis

2019 ◽  
pp. 481-503
Author(s):  
Brian M. Sandroff ◽  
John DeLuca
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a nontraumatic, immune-mediated and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. This chapter describes cognitive dysfunction in persons with MS. The chapter begins with a description of the disease and its prevalence and economic impact. This is followed by its diagnosis and current understanding of the mechanisms of the disease and its symptoms. The bulk of the chapter describes the cognitive impairments commonly observed in persons with MS. This includes the assessment of cognitive impairment, neuroimaging studies of how cognition is affected by brain pathology, the impact of cognitive impairment on daily life, and cognitive rehabilitation in MS. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion on future directions.

Transcranial Electrical Stimulation in Post-Stroke Cognitive Rehabilitation

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Convento ◽  
Cristina Russo ◽  
Luca Zigiotto ◽  
Nadia Bolognini
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Spatial Neglect ◽  
Transcranial Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Neuropsychological Disorders ◽  
Current State ◽  
Stimulation Technique

Abstract. Cognitive rehabilitation is an important area of neurological rehabilitation, which aims at the treatment of cognitive disorders due to acquired brain damage of different etiology, including stroke. Although the importance of cognitive rehabilitation for stroke survivors is well recognized, available cognitive treatments for neuropsychological disorders, such as spatial neglect, hemianopia, apraxia, and working memory, are overall still unsatisfactory. The growing body of evidence supporting the potential of the transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) as tool for interacting with neuroplasticity in the human brain, in turn for enhancing perceptual and cognitive functions, has obvious implications for the translation of this noninvasive brain stimulation technique into clinical settings, in particular for the development of tES as adjuvant tool for cognitive rehabilitation. The present review aims at presenting the current state of art concerning the use of tES for the improvement of post-stroke visual and cognitive deficits (except for aphasia and memory disorders), showing the therapeutic promises of this technique and offering some suggestions for the design of future clinical trials. Although this line of research is still in infancy, as compared to the progresses made in the last years in other neurorehabilitation domains, current findings appear very encouraging, supporting the development of tES for the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairments.

The Oxford Handbook of Adult Cognitive Disorders

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
The Impact

The prevalence of cognitive impairment caused by neurodegenerative diseases and other neurologic disorders associated with aging is expected to rise dramatically between now and year 2050, when the population of Americans aged 65 or older will nearly double. Cognitive impairment also commonly occurs in other neurologic conditions, as well as in non-neurologic medical disorders (and their treatments), idiopathic psychiatric illnesses, and adult neurodevelopmental disorders. Cognitive impairment can thus infiltrate all aspects of healthcare, making it necessary for clinicians and clinical researchers to have an integrated knowledge of the spectrum of adult cognitive disorders. The Oxford Handbook of Adult Cognitive Disorders is meant to serve as an up-to-date, scholarly, and comprehensive volume covering most diseases, conditions, and injuries resulting in impairments in cognitive function in adults. Topics covered include normal cognitive and brain aging, the impact of medical disorders (e.g., cardiovascular, liver, pulmonary) and psychiatric illnesses (e.g., depression and bipolar disorder) on cognitive function, adult neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., Down Syndrome, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder), as well as the various neurological conditions (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, concussion). A section of the Handbook is also dedicated to unique perspectives and special considerations for the clinicians and clinical researchers, covering topics such as cognitive reserve, genetics, diversity, and neuroethics. The target audience of this Handbook includes: (1) clinicians, particularly psychologists, neuropsychologists, neurologists (including behavioral and cognitive neurologists), geriatricians, and psychiatrists (including neuropsychiatrists), who provide clinical care and management for adults with a diverse range of cognitive disorders; (2) clinical researchers who investigate cognitive outcomes and functioning in adult populations; and (3) graduate level students and post-doctoral trainees studying psychology, clinical neuroscience, and various medical specialties.

scholarly journals The Role of High Triglycerides Level in Predicting Cognitive Impairment: A Review of Current Evidence

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2118
Author(s):  
Alina Mihaela Dimache ◽  
Delia Lidia Șalaru ◽  
Radu Sascău ◽  
Cristian Stătescu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Cerebral Amyloidosis ◽  
The Relationship

The burden of cognitive disorders is huge and still growing, however the etiology and the degree of cognitive impairment vary considerably. Neurodegenerative and vascular mechanisms were most frequently assessed in patients with dementia. Recent studies have shown the possible involvement of triglycerides levels in cognitive function through putative mechanisms such as brain blood barrier dysfunction or amyloid metabolism imbalance, but not all research in the field found this association. Several clinical studies evaluated the relationship between different forms of cognitive decline and levels of serum triglycerides, independent of other cardiovascular risk factors. This review focuses on the role of triglycerides in cognitive decline, cerebral amyloidosis and vascular impairment. Considering that the management of hypertriglyceridemia benefits from lifestyle modification, diet, and specific drug therapy, future studies are requested to appraise the triglycerides–cognitive impairment relationship.

Anxiety prevalence in coexisting alzheimer’s and thyroid pathology

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 158-158
Author(s):  
I. Ioancio ◽  
R. Trascu ◽  
I. Turcu ◽  
L. Spiru
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Thyroid Pathology ◽  
Normal Thyroid Function

BackgroundAlzheimer disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders (prevalence boosts from 0.2% in patients aged 55-65 up to 27% in patients aged 85+ years. Clinical manifestations of psychiatric disorders accompanying hypo- and hyper-thyroid function can mimic cognitive impairment.ObjectivesOur study aimed at studying the relationship between thyroid pathology, anxiety disorder and Alzheimer disease (AD).MethodsOur longitudinal, prospective research followed 49 patients with thyroid disorders (aged 50-85 years, 93.5 females); 63.3% (n = 31) had coexisting dementia and thyroid disease while 36.7% (n = 18) were dementia-cleared (10 had mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 8 - anxiety and/or depression); we cross/analyzed control (n = 18) and target (n = 31) groups.ResultsIn the target group, 64.5% (n = 20) had hypothyroidism, 22.6% (n = 7) had euthyroid function and 12.9% (n = 4) had hyperthyroidism. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was higher in the hypothyroidism + dementia group (55.5%, n = 11) than in the hypothyroidism-only group (44.4%, n = 8). Most controls (77.8%, n = 14) had hypothyroidism while 22% (n = 4) had normal thyroid function.ConclusionsAnxiety disorder had a greater prevalence both in the group with dementia + thyroid disease and in the MCI group. Hypothyroidism was the dominant thyroid disorder in both groups. The early diagnostic and treatment of thyroid disease is expected to improve prognosis and evolution of future cognitive disorders (MCI & AD).

Elderly patients with cognitive impairments on an ambulance care

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Tatiana Andreevna Bogdanova ◽  
Anna V. Turusheva ◽  
Elena V. Frolova ◽  
Dmitriy L. Logunov
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Cognition

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is one of the most common geriatric syndromes that occur in the elderly. Dementia is a severe cognitive disorder that results in the professional, social, and functional impairment and gradual loss of independence. However, in most cases, the stage of dementia is preceded by a long period of non-dementia cognitive impairment. In this regard, one of the priorities of public health is to identify potentially reversible forms of dementia and cognitive impairment in the early stages. AIM: To assess demographic characteristics, co-morbidities and factors that are associated with cognitive impairment in adults aged 65 years and over and to determine the prevalence of cognitive disorders in aging population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: cross-sectional study included all patients aged 65 years and older who attended the ambulance care from 24.10.2019 to 15.12.2019 in Saint Petersburg. Measurements: the Montreal cognitive assessment test, the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Data collection included a full medical history, blood pressure measurement, a medication review and blood tests (complete blood count, lipids, hormones, glucose, ALT, AST and creatinine). RESULTS: The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment was 62.9 % (95 % CI 56-70), severe cognitive impairment 8.2 %. We detected that hypertension, stroke, sleep disorders, subjective memory complaints and symptoms of depression were identified as factors associated with CI after adjustment for covariates. Hypertension and depression were related with cognitive impairment (p 0.05). Also patients with depression scored worse in global cognition and attention function (p 0.05). Patients with diabetes had association with a decrease in abstraction function (p = 0.02). Low hemoglobin levels were related with poor global cognition and memory impairment (p 0.01). Beta-blocker use was significantly associated with poor global cognition and memory impairment (p 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We found that elders have a high prevalence of cognitive disorders. We also demonstrated association between co-morbidities and factors as hypertension, anemia, diabetes, depression and administration of beta-blockers with poor cognitive performance in the elderly.

scholarly journals Features of diagnosis of cognitive disorders in patients with chronic brain ischemia

2016 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
N.P. Pavliuk
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Chronic Ischemia ◽  
Modern Health Care ◽  
Chronic Brain Ischemia ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Brain

One of the major problems in modern health care are cerebrovascular disease, which occupy a leading place in the structure of mortality and disability in the population. Among the many clinical features of chronic ischemia of the brain is a key manifestation of cognitive impairment that often determine the severity of condition and quality of life of the patient and his relatives. Diagnosis of cognitive impairment is very important, as the timely appointment of therapy may prevent or at least delay the development of dementia.

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