Reflections on 'Performing' Canadian-ness as a way of 'Passing'

BackgroundSon-biased sex ratios at birth (M:F), an extreme manifestation of son preference, are predominately found in East and South Asia. Studies have examined sex ratios among first-generation migrants from these regions, but few have examined second-generation descendants. Our objective was to determine whether son-biased sex ratios persist among second-generation mothers with South Asian ethnicity in Ontario, Canada.MethodologyA surname algorithm identified a population-based cohort of mothers with South Asian ethnicity who gave birth in Ontario between 1993 and 2014 (n=59 659). Linking to official immigration data identified births to first-generation mothers (ie, immigrants). Births not to immigrants were designated as being to second-generation mothers (ie, born in Canada) (n=10 273). Sex ratios and 95% CI were stratified by the sex of previous live births and by whether it was preceded by ≥1 abortion for both first-generation and second-generation mothers.ResultsAmong mothers with two previous daughters and at least one prior abortion since the second birth, both second-generation mothers and first-generation mothers had elevated sex ratios at the third birth (2.80 (95% CI 1.36 to 5.76) and 2.46 (95% CI 1.93 to 3.12), respectively). However, among mothers with no prior abortion, second-generation mothers had a normal sex ratio, while first-generation mothers gave birth to 142 boys for every 100 girls (95% CI 125 to 162 boys for every 100 girls).ConclusionSon preference persists among second-generation mothers of South Asian ethnicity. Culturally sensitive and community-driven gender equity interventions are needed.

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Identity and difference – re-thinking UK South Asian entrepreneurship

Journal of Enterprising Communities People and Places in the Global Economy ◽

10.1108/jec-04-2016-0012 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 564-589

Author(s):

Mark Christopher McPherson

Keyword(s):

South Asian ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Cultural Perspective ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Content Type ◽

The Uk ◽

First And Second Generation ◽

Identity And Difference ◽

Insight Into

Purpose This paper, which is part of a larger study, aims to discuss from an ethno-cultural perspective, the notion of self-identification and difference pertaining to first and second-generation South Asian male entrepreneurs. In essence, previous studies have not explored this dimension to any sufficient depth. Therefore, evidence is unclear as to how ethno-culture has informed entrepreneurial identity and difference. Design/methodology/approach Adopting a phenomenological research paradigm, 42 semi-structured interviews were conducted with first- and second-generation Sikh and Pakistani Muslim male entrepreneurs in Greater London. A typology of second-generation entrepreneurs is developed and a research agenda proposed. Findings First-generation respondents regard the UK as home and do not suffer from shifts in identity. These particular respondents identify themselves as Sikh or Pakistani Muslim or a Businessman. However, the second-generation identify themselves via three distinct labels. Here respondents stress their ethnicity by using Hyphenated British identities or hide their ethnicity behind the term a Normal Businessman, or appear opportunists by using ethnicity as a resource to espouse a true entrepreneurial identity. Research limitations/implications The research environment within the Greater London area where the respondents are located may not be as generalisable when compared with other parts of the UK. Originality/value This paper offers a unique insight into self-prescribed identity and difference noted among London’s ethnic entrepreneurs.

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South Asian first-generation and second-generation family relationships

10.32920/ryerson.14660424 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gaganpreet Deol

Keyword(s):

South Asian ◽

Family Relationships ◽

Family Dynamics ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Internal Factors ◽

School Work ◽

Dual Identity ◽

Generation Family ◽

External Sources

The topic of this research is examining family dynamics and dual identity. The aim of the research was to analyze whether identity and social construction of ideologies influence family dynamics. It examined how social and internal factors affect a family, focusing on first-generation and second-generation families. This was a qualitative study examining first-generation and second-generation South Asian individuals. I interviewed the individuals using open-ended questions to examine the experiences of adult first-generation Canadians and second-generation Canadians. The study examined how their relationships are affected and influenced by external sources such as school, work, social circles and western ideologies. In conclusion, although themes were common among participants the experience of families and individuals are based on the unique and individualized family.

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Reinventing Cultural Identities in Diaspora: A Mother-Daughter Dyad in Tan's Narratives

Tribhuvan University Journal ◽

10.3126/tuj.v32i1.24792 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 261-272

Author(s):

Nagendra Bahadur Bhandari

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Third Space ◽

Cultural Identities ◽

Chinese Immigrant ◽

Two Cultures ◽

Host Culture ◽

Immigrant Mothers ◽

Second Generation Immigrants

Immigrants suffer problematic cultural identities due to their bicultural allegiances to their host and native cultures. They can not be totally free from their ‘being’, the shared cultural and historical experiences. As a result, they follow their cultural practices of native country even in their diasporic existences. At the same time, they adopt and follow the cultural practices of the host country. In fact, they are living in the cultural third space simultaneously oscillating between two cultures. In such cultural in-between’s, the first generation and the second generation immigrants undergo different experience in diaspora. In this article, Chinese American writer Amy Tan’s two fictions namely The Joy Luck Club and The Bonesetter’s Daughter are analyzed focusing on cultural identities of second generation immigrants. The second generation in these narratives is the daughters of Chinese immigrant mothers. Their relationship with their mothers unfolds their simultaneous attraction and distraction to the both native and host culture. Consequently, their cultural identities remain unstable, blurred and in the processes of transformation in the cultural third space of diaspora.

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Comparison of Effectiveness of Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia in South Asian Population: Second-generation Versus the First-generation

10.26226/morressier.5a6ef3f1d462b80290b58bd5 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Usama Zubair

Keyword(s):

South Asian ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Asian Population ◽

South Asian Population ◽

Comparison Of Effectiveness

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What shapes physical activity attitudes within an ethnic minority? An intergenerational comparison of British Indian women

10.21203/rs.2.13912/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Prachi Bhatnagar ◽

Charlie Foster ◽

Alison Shaw

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

South Asian ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Asian Women ◽

Theory Approach ◽

South Asian Women ◽

Physically Active ◽

Indian Women ◽

Barriers To Physical Activity

Abstract Background: Survey data indicate that second-generation UK South Asian women are more physically active than first-generation women, but less active than White British women. In the 2011 UK census, approximately 50% of UK South Asian ethnic groups were born in the UK, and this group is increasing as the second-generation also have children. Qualitative work is needed to determine why these changes in physical activity have occurred and how we might further reduce the gap in physical activity levels between White British women and British Indian women. Methods : We used qualitative methods to understand attitudes, barriers and motivations for physical activity in two generations of British Indian women, using a socioecological model to take into account the wider social and physical contexts. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 28 Indian women living in Manchester, England. Respondents completed a 7-day exercise diary prior to the interview. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, thematically coded and analysed using a grounded theory approach. Results : Gender strongly influenced the physical activity of both the first and second-generation. Physical activity lessons in school and the media influenced second-generation Indian women's attitudes to physical activity. Consequently, their motivations and barriers to physical activity were very similar to those reported for White British women. Second-generation Muslim women reported their religion affecting the way they exercise, however this was not the case for the Hindu and Sikh women in this study. First-generation Indian women reported prioritising family and housework over leisure-time physical activity; this is similar to findings reported in previous research on physical activity in South Asian women. Conclusions : Among second-generation Indian women, gender-related barriers to physical activity were very similar to those already reported for White British women. Therefore public health measures aimed at combating conflicts between femininity and being physically active may also positively affect second-generation Indian women. First-generation Indian women are likely to respond better to culturally tailored interventions. Future research should further explore the effects of religion on the physical activity on women and generational differences in the physical activity attitudes of other ethnic minorities.

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Type 2 diabetes risks and determinants in second-generation migrants and mixed ethnicity people of South Asian and African Caribbean descent in the UK

Diabetologia ◽

10.1007/s00125-021-05580-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aliki-Eleni Farmaki ◽

Victoria Garfield ◽

Sophie V. Eastwood ◽

Ruth E. Farmer ◽

Rohini Mathur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

South Asian ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

African Caribbean ◽

First Generation Migrants ◽

The Uk ◽

Mixed Ethnicity ◽

Second Generation Migrants

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Excess risks of type 2 diabetes in UK South Asians (SA) and African Caribbeans (AC) compared with Europeans remain unexplained. We studied risks and determinants of type 2 diabetes in first- and second-generation (born in the UK) migrants, and in those of mixed ethnicity. Methods Data from the UK Biobank, a population-based cohort of ~500,000 participants aged 40–69 at recruitment, were used. Type 2 diabetes was assigned using self-report and HbA1c. Ethnicity was both self-reported and genetically assigned using admixture level scores. European, mixed European/South Asian (MixESA), mixed European/African Caribbean (MixEAC), SA and AC groups were analysed, matched for age and sex to enable comparison. In the frames of this cross-sectional study, we compared type 2 diabetes in second- vs first-generation migrants, and mixed ethnicity vs non-mixed groups. Risks and explanations were analysed using logistic regression and mediation analysis, respectively. Results Type 2 diabetes prevalence was markedly elevated in SA (599/3317 = 18%) and AC (534/4180 = 13%) compared with Europeans (140/3324 = 4%). Prevalence was lower in second- vs first-generation SA (124/1115 = 11% vs 155/1115 = 14%) and AC (163/2200 = 7% vs 227/2200 = 10%). Favourable adiposity (i.e. lower waist/hip ratio or BMI) contributed to lower risk in second-generation migrants. Type 2 diabetes in mixed populations (MixESA: 52/831 = 6%, MixEAC: 70/1045 = 7%) was lower than in comparator ethnic groups (SA: 18%, AC: 13%) and higher than in Europeans (4%). Greater socioeconomic deprivation accounted for 17% and 42% of the excess type 2 diabetes risk in MixESA and MixEAC compared with Europeans, respectively. Replacing self-reported with genetically assigned ethnicity corroborated the mixed ethnicity analysis. Conclusions/interpretation Type 2 diabetes risks in second-generation SA and AC migrants are a fifth lower than in first-generation migrants. Mixed ethnicity risks were markedly lower than SA and AC groups, though remaining higher than in Europeans. Distribution of environmental risk factors, largely obesity and socioeconomic status, appears to play a key role in accounting for ethnic differences in type 2 diabetes risk. Graphical abstract

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South Asian first-generation and second-generation family relationships

10.32920/ryerson.14660424.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gaganpreet Deol

Keyword(s):

South Asian ◽

Family Relationships ◽

Family Dynamics ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Internal Factors ◽

School Work ◽

Dual Identity ◽

Generation Family ◽

External Sources

The topic of this research is examining family dynamics and dual identity. The aim of the research was to analyze whether identity and social construction of ideologies influence family dynamics. It examined how social and internal factors affect a family, focusing on first-generation and second-generation families. This was a qualitative study examining first-generation and second-generation South Asian individuals. I interviewed the individuals using open-ended questions to examine the experiences of adult first-generation Canadians and second-generation Canadians. The study examined how their relationships are affected and influenced by external sources such as school, work, social circles and western ideologies. In conclusion, although themes were common among participants the experience of families and individuals are based on the unique and individualized family.

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First-Generation Versus Second-Generation Antipsychotics in Adults: Comparative Effectiveness

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e553822013-001 ◽

2012 ◽

Keyword(s):

Comparative Effectiveness ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Second Generation Antipsychotics

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Do remittances differ depending on migration pathway and length of stay?

REMITTANCES REVIEW ◽

10.33182/rr.v1i1.445 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 105-118

Author(s):

Anita Pugliese ◽

Julie Ray ◽

Neli Esipova

Keyword(s):

Length Of Stay ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Global Analysis ◽

Large Sample ◽

Migration Pathway ◽

First Generation Migrants ◽

Second Generation Migrants

This paper reports the results from Gallup’s global analysis of the likelihood of first-generation migrants, second-generation migrants and the native-born to send financial help in the form of money or goods to others inside or outside their respective country of residence. The findings in this paper are based on more than 450,000 interviews conducted through Gallup’s World Poll in 157 countries in 2012, 2013 and 2014. The sample includes more than 26,000 first-generation migrants and more than 20,000 second-generation migrants. The large sample enables Gallup to analyze first-generation migrants by the duration of their stay in their adopted country and compare their remittance behaviors with second-generation migrants and the native-born.

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