scholarly journals PANORAMA DA DESERTIFICAÇÃO NO NORDESTE DO BRASIL: características e suscetibilidades

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Francílio De Amorim dos Santos ◽  
Cláudia Maria Sabóia de Aquino
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
Climatic Variations ◽  
Desertification Process ◽  
Bibliographical Survey ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
Semi Arid

O processo de desertificação é um fenômeno que atinge diversas áreas do planeta Terra, sendo ocasionada por variações climáticas aliadas ao uso inadequado dos solos em zonas áridas, semiáridas e subúmidas secas. A pesquisa apresenta natureza exploratória e base teórica alicerçada na abordagem sistêmica, com levantamento bibliográfico de artigos publicados em eventos científicos, periódicos, dissertações e teses, de várias áreas, mas principalmente ligadas à Geografia. Os resultados permitem afirmar o emprego de diferentes abordagens e, portanto, de distintos resultados obtidos nas pesquisas relacionadas à desertificação. Contudo, é notório que os aspectos relativos às particularidades físico-ambientais e socioeconômicas das Áreas Suscetíveis à Desertificação (ASD) de cada um dos nove estados do Nordeste brasileiro (NEB) são decorrentes desses fatores e objetiva apontar potencialidades e limitações, com o propósito de orientar ações governamentais para criação de políticas públicas e estratégias para mitigação dos impactos e/ou convivência socioambiental com o referido processo.Palavras-chave: Áreas Suscetíveis à Desertificação; Indicadores; Semiárido; Nordeste Brasileiro.DESERTIFICATION PANORAMA IN THE NORTHEAST OF BRAZIL: Characteristics and susceptibilitiesABSTRACTThe desertification process is a phenomenon that affects several areas of the planet Earth, being caused by climatic variations associated to the inadequate use of the soils in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid zones. The research presents an exploratory nature and theoretical basis based on the systemic approach, with a bibliographical survey of articles published in scientific events, periodicals, dissertations and theses, in several areas, but mainly related to Geography. The results allow to affirm the use of different approaches and, therefore, of different results obtained in the research related to desertification. However, it is notorious that the aspects related to the physical-environmental and socio-economic particularities of the Areas Susceptible to Desertification (ASD) of each of the nine Brazilian Northeast (NEB) states are derived from these factors and aim to point out potentialities and limitations, with the purpose of Guide government actions to create public policies and strategies to mitigate impacts and / or social and environmental coexistence with said process.Keywords: Environmental Degradation; Indexes; Semiarid Region.PANORAMA DE LA DESERTIFICACIÓN EN EL NORESTE DE BRASIL: Características y susceptibilidadesRESUMENEl proceso de desertificación es un fenómeno que afecta a muchas áreas del planeta Tierra, siendo causado por los cambios climáticos combinados con el uso inadecuado de la tierra en el sub-áridas, semiáridas y secas. La investigación exploratoria y presenta a tierra base teórica del enfoque sistémico a los artículos publicados en la bibliografía en eventos científicos, publicaciones periódicas, disertaciones y tesis en varias áreas, pero en su mayoría relacionados con la geografía. Los resultados nos permiten afirmar el uso de diferentes enfoques y por tanto diferentes resultados obtenidos en la investigación relacionada con la desertificación. Sin embargo, es evidente que los aspectos de las características físicas y ambientales y socio-económico de las Áreas Susceptibles a la desertificación (ASD) de cada uno de los nueve estados del Noreste de Brasil (NEB) son el resultado de estos factores y el punto objetivo y limitaciones potenciales, con el fin de orientar las acciones del gobierno para crear políticas públicas y estrategias para mitigar los impactos y / o convivencia del medio ambiente con ese procesoPalabras clave: La Degradación Del Medio Ambiente; Índices; Región Semiárida.

AÇUDAGEM NA SUB-BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO JAIBARAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 771-783
Author(s):  
Ana Jéssica de Sousa dos Santos ◽  
Francisco Bruno Monte Gomes ◽  
Davis Pereira de Paula ◽  
Simone Ferreira Diniz
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Economic Dynamics ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Social ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Drought Effects

O desenvolvimento de políticas públicas para mitigar os longos períodos de escassez de água no semiárido começou pela construção de açudes públicos e privados. A seca sempre existiu, mas só veio a ter maior notoriedade social e política a partir da seca de 1877, em que milhares de pessoas morreram. A dinâmica social e econômica do Nordeste brasileiro, especialmente, das zonas sertanejas é influenciada pelas adversidades climáticas, o que levou a construção de pequenos reservatórios para segurança hídrica das populações atingidas pela seca. Na sub-bacia hidrográfica do rio Jaibaras foram construídos dois açudes para manutenção da segurança hídrica da região. O primeiro, o açude Ayres de Souza, concluído em 1936, e o segundo, em 2012, o Taquara. Ambos os reservatórios são direcionados ao abastecimento das populações locais, contribuindo para atenuar os efeitos da seca, como aconteceu nos últimos 5 anos.Palavras-chaves: Gestão; reservatórios, segurança hídrica. ABSTRACTThe development of public policies to mitigate long periods of water shortage in semi-arid zone started with the constructions of public and private damns. The drought has always existed but reached public and political notoriety in 1877 with the huge drought which cause the death of many people. The social and economic dynamics in Brazilian Northeast, mainly in countryside areas, is influenced by climatic adversities which leads the constructions of small damns for hydric security in populations affected by drought. In hydrographic sub-basin of Jaibaras’s river were built two damns for hydric security in this area. The damns, Ayres de Souza and Taquara, were concluded in 1936 and 2012, respectively. Both are used for human water supply and subsidize the drought effects as has happened in the last 5 years.Keywords: Management; damns; hydric security;

scholarly journals Avaliação da Degradação Ambiental na Região do Araripe Pernambucano Utilizando Técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto (Evaluation of the Environmental Degradation in the Araripe from Pernambuco Area Using Techniques of Remote Sensing)

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1292
Author(s):  
Ivan Ighour Silva Sá ◽  
Josiclêda Domiciano Galvíncio ◽  
Magna Soelma Beserra de Moura ◽  
Iêdo Sá
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Desertification Process ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Severe Degree ◽  
Semi Arid

A utilização da Caatinga na Região do Araripe Pernambucano, semi-árido do Brasil, ainda se fundamenta em processos meramente extrativistas para a obtenção de produtos de origem pastoril, agrícola e madeireiro. Desta forma, a atuação sobre a cobertura vegetal produz desequilíbrio no meio ambiente, pois remove a proteção do solo. Há em nível mundial preocupação com a degradação do meio ambiente nas regiões áridas, semi-áridas e sub-úmidas secas, pois podem desencadear processos de desertificação. Desta forma, a hipótese que orientou este trabalho é de que a degradação nesta região está desencadeando processos de desertificação. Para se avaliar a desertificação foi utilizado o IVDN (Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada) e as mudanças no ambiente através da análise por componentes principais, ocorridas no período entre 1998-2008. Foram constatados quatro níveis de cobertura do solo: vegetação rala, semi-rala, semi-densa e densa. O desmatamento da região é da ordem de 1.143,74 km² (16,14%), enquanto que 1.119,77 km² (15,80%) da cobertura vegetal encontram-se em estádio de regeneração. As classes mapeadas com processo de desertificação na região do Araripe Pernambucano estão assim distribuídas: 9,9 km² (0,13%) com grau muito severo, 953,15 km² (13,46%), severo, 2.057,87 km² (29,05%), moderado e 4.063,43 km² (57,36%), fraco. Palavras - chave: Componentes principais, desmatamento, desertificação  Evaluation of the Environmental Degradation in the Araripe from Pernambuco Area Using Techniques of Remote Sensing  ABSTRACT The use of Caatinga in the Area of Araripe From Pernambuco, semi-arid of Brazil, it is still based in processes for the firewood obtaining, wood and products of animal and agricultural origin. This way, the performance on the vegetable covering produces unbalance in the environment, because it removes the protection of the soil. There is in level world concern with the degradation of the environment in the areas arid, semi-arid and sub-humid droughts, because they can unchain desertification processes. In this way, the hypothesis that guided this work it is that the degradation in this area is unchaining desertification processes. To evaluate the desertification IVDN it was used (Index of Vegetation for Normalized Difference) and the changes in the landscape through the analysis for main components, happened in the period among 1998-2008. Four levels of covering of the soil were verified: vegetation grates, it semi-grates, semi-dense and dense. The removal of the vegetable cover in the area is of the order of 1.143,74 km² (16,14%), while 1.119,77 km² (15,80%) of the vegetable covering they meet in regeneration stadium. The classes mapping with desertification process in the area of Araripe From Pernambuco is like this distributed: 9,9 km² (0,13%) with very severe degree, 953,15 km² (13,46%), severe, 2.057,87 km² (29,05%), moderate and 4.063,43 km² (57,36%), weak. Keywords: Principal components, removal of the vegetable covering, desertification

scholarly journals AGRONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE INTERCROPPING OF ARUGULA WITH CARROT UNDER DIFFERENT POPULATION COMBINATIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
THAÍZA MABELLE DE VASCONCELOS BATISTA ◽  
FRANCISCO BEZERRA NETO ◽  
ÍTALO NUNES SILVA ◽  
MAIELE LEANDRO DA SILVA ◽  
ELIANE QUEIROGA DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Caatinga Biome ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of intercropping combinations of carrot and arugula at different population densities in bicropping in the semi-arid conditions of the Brazilian Northeast. The study was conducted at the "Rafael Fernandes" Experimental Farm of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) during the period September 2011 to February 2012. The experimental design was of randomized complete blocks with treatments arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme with four replications. The combinations were four population densities of carrot (40, 60, 80 and 100% of the recommended population in sole crop - RPSC) with four population densities of arugula (40, 60, 80 and 100% of the RPSC). The recommended population densities for sole crops of carrot and arugula are 500,000 and 1,000,000 plants per hectare, respectively. All treatments were fertilized with hairy woodrose (Merremia aegyptia L.), a spontaneous species of the Caatinga biome. The highest agronomic efficiency of carrot intercropped with arugula in bicropping was achieved in the combination of 40% of RPSC for the carrot and 100% of RPSC for the arugula. The commercial maximum yield (33.74 t ha-1) of carrot roots and the maximum yields of arugula green mass (8.06 and 2.67 t ha-1) in both cultivations were also obtained in the combination of population densities of 40% of RPSC for carrot and 100% of RPSC for arugula.

scholarly journals Nutrient digestibility in horses of tropical grasses found in semi-arid areas of the Brazilian Northeast region assessed using mobile bags

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisson Herculano da Silva ◽  
Jorge Eduardo Cavalcante Lucena ◽  
Juliano Martins Santiago ◽  
Daniel Anderson de Souza Melo ◽  
Djanira Paula Soares de Souza Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals As Experiências da Coalizão Adapta Sertão na Disseminação de Tecnologias e Estratégias de Adaptação à Mudança Climática para o Agricultor Familiar do Semiárido Brasileiro (The experience of the Adapta Sertão Coalition in Disseminating Climate Change...)

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Cesano ◽  
Emilio Lèbre La Rovere ◽  
Martin Obermaier ◽  
Thais Corral ◽  
Laise Santos da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Semi Arid

Este artigo descreve a experiência da coalizão Adapta Sertão na experimentação e disseminação de sistemas produtivos que possam tornar o agricultor familiar do Semiárido mais resiliente aos impactos da variação climática atual e da mudança do clima no futuro. Durante as experimentações, a coalizão teve que enfrentar várias barreiras ligadas à falta de integração entre políticas públicas existentes e projetos pilotos em comunidades locais. Hoje, a adaptação à mudança do clima não está sendo considerada na implementação de obras hídricas de pequeno e médio porte, que são de grande importância porque, geralmente, conseguem beneficiar as faixas de população mais pobres e mais suscetíveis aos impactos climáticos. As experiências mostram que é preciso desenvolver, com urgência, políticas públicas inovadoras que consigam integrar o acesso à água com a disseminação de tecnologias de adaptação e de sistemas produtivos mais resilientes à seca.  Palavras - chave: medidas de adaptação, agricultura familiar, semiárido, tecnologia.  The experience of the Adapta Sertão Coalition in Disseminating Climate Change Adaptation Technologies and Strategies for Family Farmers in Semi Arid Brazil  ABSTRACTThis paper describes the experience of the Adapta Sertão coalition in testing and experimenting production systems that have the potential to make small farmers of semi-arid Brazil more resilient to current and future climate change impacts. During the different testing, the coalition had to overcome several barriers linked to a lack of integration between current public policies. For example, today climate change is not considered in the design and implementation of small and medium hydraulic infrastructures. This limits the benefits to the target groups (small farmers) that are more likely to be affected by climate change. The experiences show that it is urgent and necessary to develop public policies to better integrate access to water, dissemination of climate resilient technologies and implementation of production systems more adequate to the semi arid conditions.  Keywords: adaptation measures, family farming, semi-arid, technology.

scholarly journals Entre la descentralización y la desconcentración de la gestión ambiental: alcances y límites en la actuación de consejos municipales de medio ambiente en el Semiárido Nordestino

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Wagner José de Aguiar ◽  
Ricardo Augusto Pessoa Braga
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Institutional Capacity ◽  
Federal Constitution ◽  
Bibliographical Survey ◽  
Administrative Decentralization ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Analytical Reference

The Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988 had an important role in the induction of political-administrative decentralization as in the elevation of municipalities as a federated entity. In environmental policy, these results have been expressed through the dissemination of municipal environmental councils. In the Northeast of Brazil, a region that has the fewest municipalities with established environmental councils and researches focused on their dynamics, new collegiate instances have been created, without a critical evaluation, among other factors, of the institutional capacity of small municipalities. In this sense, this article discusses the reaches and the limits identificated   in the perfomance of municipal councils of environment in the Northeastern Semiarid, taking as an analytical reference the logics of the decentralization and the desconcentration. Through a bibliographical survey and a case study carried out in the semi-arid municipalities of Pernambuco, it is possible to identify reaches but, above all, limits that hinder the deliberative autonomy of the councils, even in large and economically dynamic municipalities. New studies are suggested, considering the pioneering and new environmental councils, especially in the northeastern states that exhibit the lowest levels of environmental management instruments implemented.

scholarly journals Connecting Public Policies for Family Farmers and Women’s Empowerment: The Case of the Brazilian Semi-Arid

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 5961
Author(s):  
Emily Aparecida Ferreira Brandão ◽  
Thiago da Rocha Santos ◽  
Stephan Rist
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Political Empowerment ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Family Farmers ◽  
Sexual Division Of Labor ◽  
Semi Arid

The role played by women in worldwide food production and food security has reinvigorated debates about the recognition of women’s rights in the rural sector regarding better working conditions and the reduction of gender inequalities. In the 1980s, the social movement in Brazil restructured the politics in the agrarian sector by integrating farmers’ rights and women’s demands. Against this background, the objective of this study is to analyze, through the actors’ perspectives, whether and how the combination of public policies for family farmers affected the socio-economic and political empowerment of women. Our case study covers family farmers from traditional communities located in the Brazilian semi-arid. The results show that women achieved economic stability by participating in public food procurement programmes. In addition, access to cisterns released women from the daily work of collecting water. Women became more involved with political issues, increasing participation in institutions such as NGOs, associations and cooperatives. Among the negative aspects, the study found that the sexual division of labor increased within the household context, and, despite being fundamental for ensuring household food security, women still struggle to have access to the means of production.

Avaliação da susceptibilidade à degradação ambiental em um município serrano do semiárido do Brasil (Cerro Corá-RN) / Evaluation of susceptibility to environmental degradation in a mountain municipality at semi-arid region of Brazil (Cerro Corá-RN)

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (55) ◽  
pp. 880-897
Author(s):  
Henrique Roque Dantas ◽  
Jânio Carlos Fernandes Guedes ◽  
Diógenes Félix da Silva Costa ◽  
Fernando Moreira Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Economic Practices ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

Os processos de ocupação e evolução dos ambientes naturais em decorrência de um processo desordenado de implementação de práticas econômicas agrosilvopastoris, desempenham um papel determinante de degradação da paisagem do semiárido Nordestino. A Serra de Santana apresenta elementos naturais importantes para o estado do Rio Grande do Norte como a nascente do Rio Potengi.  O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o grau de susceptibilidade de degradação no município de Cerro Corá - RN.  Foram utilizadas imagens de satélite Landsat-5 e dados censitários referente ao ano de 2008. Como método fez-se uso da proposta de Karmieczak e Seabra (2007) que contempla uso do solo, NDVI, precipitação, pecuária e erodibilidade na avaliação da degradação ambiental. Os resultados mostraram que em a maioria do município de Cerro Corá apresenta uma susceptibilidade de baixa a média, que juntos representam 63,92% do município. Um sistema de informação Geográfica torna-se indispensável no monitoramento ambiental de Cerro Corá/RN.Palavras-chave: LANDSAT, Indicadores de degradação ambiental, Geoprocessamento, uso do solo.AbstractThe occupation processes and evolution of natural environments due to a disorderly process of implementing agrosilvopastoris economic practices, play a decisive role in degradation of the Northeastern semi-arid landscape. The Serra de Santana presents important natural elements for the state of Rio Grande do Norte as the source of the Potengi River. The present work had as objective to analyze the degree of susceptibility of degradation in the municipality of Cerro Corá - RN. Landsat-5 satellite images were used and census data for the year 2008. As a method made use of the proposed Karmieczak and Seabra (2007) which includes land use, NDVI, precipitation, livestock and erodibility in the evaluation of environmental degradation. The results showed that in most of the municipality of Cerro Cora has a low susceptibility average, which together account for 63.92% of the municipality. A geographic information system becomes indispensable in the environmental monitoring of Cerro Corá/RNKeywords: LANDSAT, Indicators of environmental degradation, Geoprocessing, Use of Soil.

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