Girls in Football, Boys in Dance. Stereotypization Processes in Socialization of Young Sportsmen and Sportswomen

The article at hand presents and discusses the issue of gender stereotypization strategies during the socialization process of children practicing atypical gender sports, which is perceived as inappropriate to their gender. The outcomes of two qualitative studies among girls playing football and boys practicing ballroom dancing focus on various types of social influence of their families, coaches, and peers. The importance of parents’ role in reproducing or challenging stereotypical gender roles is outlined in the text. The strategies to which the children participating in atypical gender sports are subjected to include: stereotypization, destereotypization, apparent destereotyping, and hidden stereotyping. The benefits of participating in atypical gender sports are also discussed, particularly in terms of social and psychological profits.

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GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ANXIETY AMONG UNDERGRADUATES FROM TEN ARAB COUNTRIES

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2004.32.7.649 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 32 (7) ◽

pp. 649-655 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Abdel-Khalek Ahmed M. ◽

Bader M. Alansari

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Gender Roles ◽

Arab Countries ◽

Anxiety Scale ◽

Socialization Process ◽

Sex Typing ◽

Kuwait University ◽

And Gender

This study investigated gender differences in anxiety among volunteer undergraduates recruited from 10 Arab countries; Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Emirates, Oman, Egypt, Syria,Lebanon, Palestine (Nablus and Gaza), Jordan and Iraq (N = 3,064). The Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (KUAS) was used in its Arabic form. It was found that females had higher mean anxiety scores than did their male counterparts in all 10 countries. However, significant differences were found in 7 out of the 10 countries. The salient gender differences were interpreted in the light of a socialization process; especially sex-typing and gender roles.

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Drinking styles of the young generations: twenty years' qualitative research

SALUTE E SOCIETÀ ◽

10.3280/ses2010-su3005-ing ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 58-78

Author(s):

Franca Beccaria

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Young People ◽

Qualitative Studies ◽

Family Context ◽

Socialization Process ◽

The Family ◽

Alcoholic Drinks ◽

Longitudinal Comparison ◽

The Relationship ◽

Over Time

The article analyses the complexity of the relationship between young people and alcohol and how this varies over time by using a longitudinal comparison of qualitative studies carried out in Italy. This study highlights the fact that alcoholic drinks remain central in young people's identity-building, which begins at a young age in the long alcohol socialization process within the family context. The young people from the new millennium show more similarities than differences than those from twenty years before, although noticeable is the loss of the transgressive value of drinking in favour of more exploratory and innovative styles.

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Perception of gender equality in new media

Journal of Human Sciences ◽

10.14687/ijhs.v13i1.3565 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1285 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kübra Küçükşen

Keyword(s):

Gender Roles ◽

New Media ◽

Gender Equality ◽

Gender Inequality ◽

Social Networking Sites ◽

Social Life ◽

Mass Communication ◽

Socialization Process ◽

The Subject ◽

And Gender

AbstractIntroduction : Social gender is a concept that is used to describe the roles to be fulfilled, behavioral patterns and duties and responsibilities expected from males and females in socialization process according to the culture of the society where they live in different from biological gender. Media is a significant tool for determination and internalization of social gender roles. In parallel with social change and transformation, the change had in mass communication tools become effective in every field. New communication aspect called as new media provide opportunity for individuals to express themselves and present their opinions on every issue freely different from other mass communication tools.Methods : In this study, it was aimed to investigate the comments made on the concepts of "gender equality" and "gender inequality" on the social sharing sites named Ekşi Sözlük and Uludağ Sözlük. The comments made over the concepts of “social gender equality” and “social gender inequality” in web site called “Ekşi Sözlük” and “Uludağ Sözlük” were reviewed during to 1 June- 15 September 2015 in this study and it was targeted to research the perception of social gender. For analyzing data, content analyzis was applied to comments. Results :In the study, 105 comments made on Ekşi Sözlük and 39 comments made on Uludağ Sözlük in regard to the subject matter were categorized and analyzed as "gender equality/inequality" and "gender roles". According to the data attained from analysis of the study, as opposed to conventional media, it is seen that the comments made on gender are quite varied. Besides such comments which reduce women merely to a body, insult them, assert that they lack the knowledge, skills and competence for existing in the public sphere, comments exceeding the equalitarian viewpoint on the subject, grounding on justice and equity have been identified.Discussion : Reflections of the conventional patriarchal mentality are evidently seen in the comments on Ekşi Sözlük and Uludağ Sözlük. Being an environment where an issue is discussed by people in several numbers and having quite different opinions in different perspectives, social networking sites provide an important source of knowledge to the forms of peoples’ understanding and interpretation of social life. According to the data obtained in the research, the perception of social gender has still been produced in new media. However, it can be said that social gender perception is directed through the course where the understanding of “difference is not inequality” with an upper point of view exceeding the concepts of equality and inequality is grounded on in new media despite adopting an opponent discourse on the contrary to mainstream media.

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GENDER PERSPEKTIF ETIKA PESANTREN (Studi Tentang Kepemimpinan Kiai dan Nyai Tentang Sosialisasi Gender di Lingkungan Sosial Pondok Pesantren Wahidhasyim Sleman Yogyakarta)

An-Nisa' : Jurnal Kajian Perempuan dan Keislaman ◽

10.35719/annisa.v13i2.35 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 313-332

Author(s):

Erfan Efendi

Keyword(s):

Gender Roles ◽

Gender Identity ◽

Gender Role ◽

Gender Socialization ◽

Boarding School ◽

Gender Construction ◽

Socialization Process ◽

Men And Women ◽

Women In Islam

Gender socialization in pesantren is a top priority because gender construction in pesantren is very dependent on how gender identity is also formed through how strong the socialization process is. The identity formed in the pesantren will then become a reference for the students to socialize or interact with the environment outside the pesantren. From that, the issue of gender or equal partnerships between men and women, which was previously known as the increase in the position of the role of women in Islam, has increasingly attracted a lot of progress and success. There are two orientations in socializing gender in pesantren, namely: first, strengthening the normativity of gender roles . This role is performed by most of the kyai, nyai, and teachers. Second, prioritizing gender role textuality. This motive is carried out by a small number of madrasah teachers and badal kyai and nyai when conducting recitation at the pesantren. The problem is the focus of this research discussion. First, what is the role of kyai and nyai leadership in gender socialization at the Wahid Hasyim Islamic boarding school, Sleman Yogyakarta. Second, how to implement gender criteria in the regulations of the Wahid Hasyim Sleman Yogyakarta Islamic boarding school. Third, how is the implementation of the santri behavior of the Wahid Hasyim Sleman Yogyakarta Islamic boarding school. Sosialisasi gender di pesantren menjadi prioritas utama sebab konstruksi gender yang ada di pesantren sangat bergantung pada bagaimana identitas gender juga dibentuk melalui seberapa kuat proses sosialisasinya. Identitas yang terbentuk di pesantren selanjutnya akan menjadi acuan para santri untuk bermasyarakat ataupun berinteraksi dengan lingkungan di luar pesantren. Dari itu, persoalan gender atau kemitra sejajaran antara laki-laki dan perempuan yang sebelumnya dikenal dengan peningkatan kedudukan peran perempuan dalam Islam semakin menarik banyak kemajuan dan keberhasilan.Terdapat dua orientasi dalam mensosialisasikan gender di pesantren, yaitu: pertama, menguatkan normativitas peran-peran gender. Peran ini dilakukan oleh sebagian besar para kyai, nyai, dan guru. Kedua, mengedepankan tekstualitas peran gender. Motif ini dilakukan oleh sebagian kecil guru madrasah dan badal kyai serta nyai ketika melakukan pengajian di pesantren. Adapun problem yang menjadi fokus pembahasan penelitian ini. Pertama, Bagaiman peran kepemimpinan kyai dan nyai dalam sosialisasi gender di pesantren Wahid Hasyim Sleman Yogyakarta. Kedua, Bagaimana implementasi kesteraan gender dalam peraturan pesantren Wahid Hasyim Sleman Yogyakarta. Ketiga, bagaimana implementasi pada perilaku santri pesantren Wahid Hasyim Sleman Yogyakarta.

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GENDER DIFFERENCES IN DEPRESSION AMONG UNDERGRADUATES FROM SEVENTEEN ISLAMIC COUNTRIES

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2006.34.6.729 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 729-738 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Bader M. Alansari

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Gender Roles ◽

Beck Depression Inventory ◽

English Version ◽

Socialization Process ◽

Sex Typing ◽

Islamic Countries ◽

And Gender

This study investigated gender differences in depression among volunteer undergraduates (N = 8,538) recruited from 17 Islamic countries. The Beck Depression Inventory II (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996), was used in its Arabic form for all groups except the Pakistan group, which used the English version. Results indicated that there are significant gender differences in 9 of the Islamic countries in which females tended to be higher in depression namely, Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Pakistan, Algeria, Oman, Qatar, Morocco, and Kuwait. However, males scored significantly higher than females in Saudi Arabia, while there are no significant gender differences in depression in Lebanon, Tunisia, Palestine, U.A. Emirates, Yemen, Jordan, and Sudan. The salient gender differences were interpreted in the light of a socialization process; especially sex-typing and gender roles.

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The Psychology of Social Influence

10.1017/9781108236423 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gordon Sammut ◽

Martin W. Bauer

Keyword(s):

Social Influence

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A Structural Theory of Social Influence

10.1017/cbo9780511527524 ◽

1998 ◽

Cited By ~ 273

Author(s):

Noah E. Friedkin

Keyword(s):

Social Influence ◽

Structural Theory

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Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Reactivity

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803.23.2.77 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 77-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Matthew C. Whited ◽

Kevin T. Larkin

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Gender Roles ◽

Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽

Task Type ◽

Conflict Task ◽

Men And Women ◽

Conflicting Evidence ◽

Blood Pressure Responses

Sex differences in cardiovascular reactivity to stress are well documented, with some studies showing women having greater heart rate responses than men, and men having greater blood pressure responses than women, while other studies show conflicting evidence. Few studies have attended to the gender relevance of tasks employed in these studies. This study investigated cardiovascular reactivity to two interpersonal stressors consistent with different gender roles to determine whether response differences exist between men and women. A total of 26 men and 31 women were assigned to either a traditional male-oriented task that involved interpersonal conflict (Conflict Task) or a traditional female-oriented task that involved comforting another person (Comfort Task). Results demonstrated that women exhibited greater heart rate reactions than men independent of the task type, and that men did not display a higher reactivity than women on any measure. These findings indicate that sex of participant was more important than gender relevance of the task in eliciting sex differences in cardiovascular responding.

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