scholarly journals Breeding for Yield, Quality and Associated Traits in the Zimbabwean Flue-Cured Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.): A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justify Gotami Shava ◽  
Susan Richardson Kageler ◽  
Shorai Dari ◽  
Frank Magama ◽  
Dzingai Rukuni

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) has grown to become a major cash crop and foreign currency earner in Zimbabwe. The crop’s popularity in the country is dependent on the climatic and soil conditions that promote the production of flavour style cures which are well sought after by the majority of tobacco merchants and cigarette manufacturers across the world. The success story of tobacco farming in Zimbabwe is mainly attributed to the presence of an organised research system in the form of the Tobacco Research Board (TRB) that includes a dedicated division in the research unit specialising in variety development and promotion. Improvement in yield and quality of the cured leaf has are the main objectives of flue –cured tobacco breeders. Since the beginning of research in flue cured tobacco production in Zimbabwe, a lot of effort has been dedicated to improving these and other associated traits. This review paper traces the process of breeding for improvement in yield and quality in flue-cured tobacco in Zimbabwe. It shows the methods employed and identifies some of the potential sources of genes for use in improvement in flue-cured tobacco yield and quality in present and future breeding work.


2012 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Vann ◽  
L. R. Fisher ◽  
D. L. Jordan ◽  
D. H. Hardy ◽  
W. D. Smith ◽  
...  


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
MAMAT H.S ◽  
S.R.P. SITORUS SITORUS ◽  
H. HARDJOMIDJOJO H. HARDJOMIDJOJO ◽  
A.K. SETA A.K. SETA

ABSTRAK<br />Tembakau Temanggung merupakan komoditas penting bahan baku<br />industri rokok kretek, sumber pendapatan petani dan PAD Kabupaten<br />Temanggung. Selain itu, tembakau juga menjadi pemicu pertumbuhan<br />kegiatan ekonomi lainnya yang terkait dengan usahatani, seperti<br />transportasi, penyediaan sarana produksi pertanian serta penyediaan<br />lapangan kerja. Usahatani tembakau Temanggung menghadapi 3 (tiga)<br />masalah utama, yaitu: sifat tembakau Temanggung yang tergolong fancy<br />product, struktur pasar yang monopsonistik dan kondisi lahan usahatani<br />yang beragam (beragam menurut elevasi, arah lereng dan tingkat<br />kemiringan lereng). Kondisi lahan tersebut mengakibatkan mutu tembakau<br />menjadi beragam, dan cenderung menurun bahkan mengancam keber-<br />lanjutan usahatani tembakau. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bulan Januari<br />2004 - Maret 2005 di sentra produksi tembakau Temanggung, yang<br />memiliki beberapa perbedaan berdasarkan elevasi, arah lereng dan tingkat<br />kemiringan. Untuk mengetahui ragam mutu dan produktivitas dianalisis<br />dengan sidik ragam. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh elevasi, arah dan<br />kemiringan  lereng  digunakan  analisis  regresi  berganda.  Dalam<br />menganalisis keberlanjutan usahatani, digunakan multi atribut non-<br />parametrik yang diolah dengan multidimentional scaling (MDS). Mutu dan<br />produktivitas tembakau Temanggung cukup beragam. Elevasi dan arah<br />lereng (slope aspect) merupakan faktor utama yang mempengaruhi mutu<br />dan produktivitas tembakau Temanggung. Mutu tembakau yang ditanam<br />pada lahan berelevasi di atas 1.000 m dpl, nyata lebih baik dibandingkan<br />dengan mutu tembakau yang ditanam pada lahan yang berelevasi kurang<br />dari 1.000 m dpl. Produktivitas tembakau yang ditanam pada lahan arah<br />lereng ke timur nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan produktivitas<br />tembakau pada lahan arah lereng ke timur laut dan utara. Tingkat<br />kemiringan lereng tidak berpengaruh terhadap mutu maupun produktivitas<br />tembakau. Indeks keberlanjutan usahatani tembakau Temanggung,<br />termasuk kedalam kategori cukup (IKb = 55,53 pada skala keberlanjutan 0<br />– 100).<br />Kata kunci : Tembakau, Nicotiana tabacum L., tembakau Temanggung,<br />mutu, produktivitas, indeks keberlanjutan, usahatani, Jawa<br />Tengah<br />ABSTRACT<br />Analysis of quality, productivity and sustainability and<br />development direction of tobacco farming in Temanggung<br />District, Central Java<br />Temanggung tobacco is an important commodity for cigarette<br />industry, farmers’ income and product domestic regional brutto (PDRB)<br />of Temanggung District. Tobacco stimulates economy activities, so that it<br />can grow other bussiness activities, such as transportation, agroproduct<br />and employment availability. Uncontrolled cultivation intensity and<br />market structure monopsonistic resulted in weak bargaining position of<br />farmer in marketing tobacco. Tobacco is a fancy product, it means that its<br />marketing and transaction are very determined by quality. These<br />conditions affected the sustainability of tobacco farm. This research was<br />carried out from January 2004 to March 2005 in the center of Temanggung<br />tobacco production, which varies in terms of elevation, slope aspect and<br />topography. Temanggung tobacco varies in terms of quality and<br />productivity. Elevation and slope aspect were the primary factors<br />influencing tobacco productivity and quality. The quality of tobacco<br />planted at farmer location at the elevation more than 1.000 m above sea<br />level (asl) with slope facing east, was significantly better than the quality<br />of tobacco planted at the elevation less than 1.000 m asl with slope facing<br />north-east and north. The tobacco productivity planted on the slope facing<br />east differed significantly with the tobacco productivity planted on north-<br />east and north slope facing. The slope did not significantly influence<br />tobacco quality and productivity. Sustainability index of tobacco farm<br />belongs to enough category (IKb = 55.53 at scale of sustainability 0 –<br />100).<br />Key words : Nicotiana tabacum L. Temanggung tobacco, quality,<br />productivity, sustainability index, farming system, Central<br />Java



2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 4009-4015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sannino ◽  
L. del Piano ◽  
Massimo Abet ◽  
S. Baiano ◽  
M. Crimaldi ◽  
...  




Author(s):  
Satria Putra Utama ◽  
Andi Irawan ◽  
Butmen Marito H

Tobacco  was one of   priority  commodity  in Rejang  Lebong  district  to develop,  its supported  by suitable micro climate and farmer behavior so long. The research  were objected  to analyze the influencing factors on produdion  and minimum  economic scale of tobacco  farming system  at Rejang Lebong District. These tried to answer thorugh the cob-douglas  and break even point  analyses. The research  showed  that area  (x 1),  TSP fertilizer  (x3),  ZA  fertlizer  (x4)  significantly  influence  to  tobacco  production.   Minimum economic  scale of tobacco  farming system  around  0.07 ha but farmers  scale  about  0.49 ha. It meaned that farmet tobacco were already in comerdal/economic   scale. Improving  the prcxluction  could be attained thorugh  extensification  and intesification  . extensification  in the way of extended  the  croping  area, while intesification  by improving  fertilizers  of TSP and ZA  to optimal  level  of usage.  others  factors  should  be another  farmer  focus to increas  prcxluction such  quality of seed,  integrated  and environmental  pestici~e and so forth. Keywords:  Minimum economic scale, farming system, tobacco 



2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justify Gotami Shava ◽  
Susan Richardson Kageler ◽  
Shorai Dari ◽  
Frank Magama ◽  
Dzingai Rukuni

Since its introduction to Zimbabwean farmers in the early 20th Century, flue –cured tobacco has grown to become one of the most profitable field crops to cultivate in the country. However, pests and diseases have been reported as some of the major contributors to yield and quality loss in the business of tobacco farming in Zimbabwe and across the world reducing the profitability of the tobacco business. This has resulted in large sums of financial resources being invested in research aimed at controlling pests and diseases in different crops. In Zimbabwe millions of litres of pesticides have been pumped into the environment in an effort to control pests and diseases in flue-cured tobacco fields. There have also been efforts to incorporate inherent pest and disease resistance in the varieties of flue-cured tobacco developed in the country since the early 1940s. This paper is a review of the breeding efforts to incorporate pest and disease resistance in the elite flue-cured tobacco germplasm used to develop some of the popular varieties in Zimbabwe.



Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Ronga ◽  
Alfonso Pentangelo ◽  
Mario Parisi

Processing tomato is the second most important worldwide cash crop, generally produced in high-input systems. However, fruit yield and quality are affected by agronomic management, particularly nitrogen (N) fertilization, whose application to indeterminate growth genotypes for canning has yet to be investigated in depth. Hence, the objective of this work was to assess the effects of different N rates (0, 50, 125, 200, 275, and 350 kg ha−1) on fruit yield and quality characteristics of processing tomato ‘San Marzano’ landrace. The results of our study showed that 125 and 200 kg of N ha−1 are the most appropriate rates in soil with high fertility, ensuring the highest values of marketable yield and brix yield. However, plants fertilized with 125 kg of N ha−1 attained higher values of N efficiency and fruit K and P concentrations than plants fertilized with 200 kg of N ha−1. Our results suggest that overdoses of N supplies negatively affected fruit yield and quality of San Marzano landrace grown in high soil fertility conditions, also reducing the agricultural sustainability. Hence, specific agronomic protocol and extension services are required to optimally manage tomato crop systems.



2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 225-227
Author(s):  
Mahesh Kumar ◽  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Rajeshwari Sharma ◽  
V. K. Dwivedi

The experiment was laid out in randomised block design (RBD)during the crop season of 2004 -05 and 2005-06 at the research farm of J.V.P.G. College, Baraut, Baghpat (U.P.) comprising 10 treatments with 3 replications. DEBPCFYM, combinations of DEBPC+FYM and inorganic fertilizer significantly increased seed yield. Biological yield and quality content of Indian mustard. Among the various treatments, application of FYM 5t/ha + DEBPC 3t/ ha recorded highest seed yield, biological yield and all the quality contents in both the years.



2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (86) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
V.G. Chernikov ◽  
◽  
R.A. Rostovtsev ◽  
N.A. Kudryavtsev ◽  
I.V. Uschapovsky ◽  
...  

The formation of fiber flax yield and quality parameters depends on many soil-climatic, breedinggenetic, as well as anthropogenic factors. The quality of flax fiber is a combination of a number of features and properties that depend on the varietal characteristics of plants, the conditions of their cultivation, technologies for harvesting and straw retting, as well as on the processing modes of raw materials. During plant vegetation (90-130 days) many factors such as soil conditions (pH 4.8-5.5, humus 1.8-2.5%, P2O5 and K2O – 150-200 and 100-200 mg/kg, respectively) and the area of plant nutrition (15-30 million seeds/ha), temperature regime (the sum of active temperatures 1000-1800ºC), water supplying (400-430 units of water mass to create 1 unit of dry matter) and insolation (the arrival of FAR during the growing season 20-25 kcal / cm²), contamination of weeds (more than 60 annual and perennial species) and pests (more than 200 types of fungal, bacterial and viral diseases), features of phytosanitary measures (more than 50 chemicals) and agrotechnologic manners (Federal Register of technologies for the production of crop products) have a great influence on the quality of flax raw materials and can be a limit factor. Environmentally hazardous pollution of air, water and soil - the main components for the production of fiber flax – strongly affects the yield and quality of flax products. The development of waste-free environmentally friendly technologies for the cultivation, harvesting and processing of flax is an urgent task of scientific support of the industry. The main environmental factors affecting the yield and quality of fiber flax are discussed in the article.



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