Vestibular Stimulation as An Interventional Approach for Cold Water Stress Induced Immunological and Histopathological Changes in Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Rama Kranthi ◽  
R. Archana ◽  
S. Senthilkumar
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Serum Corticosterone ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Caloric Vestibular Stimulation

Background: Chronic exposure to stress results in immuno-suppression. The present study was carried out to explore the therapeutic benefits of vestibular stimulation on the immune system of stress-induced Wistar rats. Methods: Stress was intervened in the Wistar rats by cold water swimming method for a period of 14 days. Following stress, caloric vestibular stimulation was induced in the rats by irrigating external auditory meatus bilaterally with hot water (temperature 41oC) for 2 minutes for a period of 15 days and 30 days in respective groups. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were obtained and serum corticosterone, Interleukin 2 (IL2), Immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels were analyzed using ELISA method and histopathology of brain was assessed. Brain CD4 and CD8 cells were analyzed by Immunohistochemistry. Result: Stress significantly increased serum corticosterone, IL2 levels and reduced IgM levels. Stress group showed increased dendritic arborization in prefrontal cortex, neuronal atrophy, nuclear pyknosis with congested blood vessels in hippocampus and mononuclear cell inflammatory infiltrate in hypothalamus. Brain extravascular CD4 and CD8 showed positive in stress group. Caloric vestibular stimulation effectively reduced serum corticosterone levels, histopathological changes, brain extravascular CD4 and CD8 cells and improved IgM in the present study.

scholarly journals Effect of Long term bilateral and unilateral vestibular stimulation in cogni-tion in scopolamine-induced dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1279-1288
Author(s):  
Archana R ◽  
Jinu KV ◽  
J K Mukkadan
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Caloric Vestibular Stimulation

The aim of the study is to provide preliminary evidence on beneficial effects of long term caloric vestibular stimulation as an alternative therapy for enhancement of cognition and motor activity as well as delay/prevent dementia symptoms in scopolamine induce dementia in a rat model. Adult male Wistar albino rats were chosen in the current study. Scopolamine was the drug of choice to induce dementia and donepezil was used as a standard drug in this study. Vestibular stimulation method was Caloric vestibular stimulation which was administered by injecting hot water of 45 degrees centigrade into the middle ear cavity with the help of syringe for 60 days (both bilaterally and unilaterally). In conclusion, bilateral and unilateral left vestibular stimulation had found to beneficial in improving spatial memory, motor control and various cognitive neurotransmitter levels in scopolamine-induced dementia rats. But the mechanism is largely unclear and unknown. Further detailed studies should be conducted in this area to explore mechanisms of action.

Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement by Using Different Number of Fins in Circular Tube

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kamil Abdul Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Finned Tube ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Copper Tube ◽  
Smooth Tube ◽  
Tube Heat Exchanger ◽  
Mass Flow Rates ◽  
Flow Heat

Abstract-The present work investigates the enhancement of heat transfer by using different number of circular fins (8, 10, 12, 16, and 20) in double tube counter flow heat exchanger experimentally. The fins are made of copper with dimensions 66 mm OD, 22 mm ID and 1 mm thickness. Each fin has three of 14 mm diameter perforations located at 120o from each to another. The fins are fixed on a straight smooth copper tube of 1 m length, 19.9 mm ID and 22.2 mm OD. The tube is inserted inside the insulated PVC tube of 100 mm ID. The cold water is pumped around the finned copper tube, inside the PVC, at mass flow rates range (0.01019 - 0.0219) kg/s. The Reynold's number of hot water ranges (640 - 1921). The experiment results are obtained using six double tube heat exchanger (1 smooth tube and the other 5 are finned one). The results, illustrated that the heat transfer coefficient proportionally with the number of fin. The results also showed that the enhancement ratio of heat transfer for finned tube is higher than for smooth tube with (9.2, 10.2, 11.1, 12.1 13.1) times for number of fins (8, 10, 12, 16 and 20) respectively.

scholarly journals Caloric vestibular stimulation in aphasic syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wilkinson ◽  
Rachael Morris ◽  
William Milberg ◽  
Mohamed Sakel
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Caloric Vestibular Stimulation

scholarly journals Effects of caloric vestibular stimulation on serotoninergic system in the media vestibular nuclei of guinea pigs

2007 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-rong MA ◽  
Jun-xiu LIU ◽  
Xue-pei LI ◽  
Jian-jun MAO ◽  
Qun-dan ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Vestibular Nuclei ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Serotoninergic System ◽  
Caloric Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
The Media

Vestibular Influence on Human Auditory Space Perception

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 1107-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Lewald ◽  
Hans-Otto Karnath
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Space Perception ◽  
Median Plane ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Interaural Level Difference ◽  
Auditory Periphery ◽  
Auditory Space ◽  
Sound Image

We investigated the effect of vestibular stimulation on the lateralization of dichotic sound by cold-water irrigation of the external auditory canal in human subjects. Subjects adjusted the interaural level difference of the auditory stimulus to the subjective median plane of the head. In those subjects in whom dizziness and nystagmus indicated sufficient vestibular stimulation, these adjustments were significantly shifted toward the cooled ear compared with the control condition (irrigation with water at body temperature); i.e., vestibular stimulation induced a shift of the sound image toward the nonstimulated side. The mean magnitude of the shift was 7.3 dB immediately after vestibular stimulation and decreased to 2.5 dB after 5 min. As shown by an additional control experiment, this effect cannot be attributed to a unilateral hearing loss induced by cooling of the auditory periphery. The results indicate the involvement of vestibular afferent information in the perception of sound location during movements of the head and/or the whole body. We thus hypothesize that vestibular information is used by central-nervous mechanisms generating a world-centered representation of auditory space.

Effect of vestibular stimulation in cold water stress induced neurological changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama Kranthi T ◽  
Archana R ◽  
Senthilkumar Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation

scholarly journals The Effect of Thermo-Mechanical Processing on Physical Properties of Processed Amaranth and Oat Bran Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Sean X. Liu ◽  
Diejun Chen ◽  
George E. Inglett ◽  
Jingyuan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Oat Bran ◽  
Amaranth Flour

Amaranth-oat composites were developed using gluten free amaranth flour containing essential amino acids and minerals with oat products containing β-glucan, known for lowering blood cholesterol. Amaranth flour and oat bran concentrate (OBC) composites (1:4) were processed using different technologies, including dry mixing, baking, steaming, cold wet blending, and high speed homogenizing (Polytron PT6000) with cold water or hot water. The results showed that water holding capacities, pasting, and rheological properties were dramatically increased by wet blending, Polytron with cold water, and Polytron with hot water followed by drum drying. The processing procedures created dissimilar physical properties that will enhance the application of ancient grains and oat for functional foods that are suitable for people who are gluten-intolerant. In addition, the dietary fiber contents of composites were increased by the incorporation of OBC. The composites can be inexpensively prepared and processed. The new healthful products will be affordable for people who suffer from celiac disease or gluten-intolerant. These innovative gluten-free functional food products will help millions of gluten sensitive consumers enjoy heart-healthy functional foods.

Transport of Heat in Caloric Vestibular Stimulation. Conduction, Convection or Radiation?

1991 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Feldmann ◽  
K. B. Hüttenbrink ◽  
K. W. Delank
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Caloric Vestibular Stimulation

scholarly journals Thermal Characteristics Analysis on Multi- Heat Pipe Induced Heat Exchanger

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Physical Parameters

In this investigation of multi heat pipe induced in heat exchanger shows the developments in heat transfer is to improve the efficiency of heat exchangers. Water is used as a heat transfer fluid and acetone is used as a working fluid. Rotameter is set to measure the flow rate of cold water and hot water. To maintain the parameter as experimental setup. Then set the mass flow rate of hot water as 40 LPH, 60LPH, 80 LPH, 100LPH, 120 LPH and mass flow rate of cold water as 20 LPH, 30 LPH, 40 LPH, 50 LPH, and 60 LPH. Then 40 C, 45 ºC, 50 ºC, 55 C, 60 ºC are the temperatures of hot water at inlet are maintained. To find some various physical parameters of Qc , hc , Re ,, Pr , Rth. The maximum effectiveness of the investigation obtained from condition of Thi 60 C, Tci 32 C and 100 LPH mhi, 60 LPH mci the maximum effectiveness attained as 57.25. Then the mhi as 100 LPH, mci as 60 LPH and Thi at 40 C as 37.6%. It shows the effectiveness get increased about 34.3 to the maximum conditions.

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