Morphology of the proventriculus of African ostrich

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifeng Zhang ◽  
Jiaxiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscope ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Muscularis Mucosae ◽  
Muscular Layer ◽  
Struthio Camelus ◽  
Histological Characteristics ◽  
Strong Ability ◽  
Oxynticopeptic Cells

The objective of this study was to investigate the morphological features of the proventriculus of African ostrich (Struthio camelus). The location, appearance, and histological characteristics of the proventriculus were observed on postnatal day 90. The entire proventriculus had the appearance of a distensible sac; and exhibited a large number of glands. Under light microscope, the proventriculus wall was composed of mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer and adventitia. The mucosa was further divided into the lamina epithelialis, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae. The submucosa was relatively thick and contained compound tubular glands having oxynticopeptic cells, mucous cells, and endocrine cells. These features of the proventriculus are possibly related to the dietary habits of the African ostrich, and they imply that this specie has a strong ability to digest and absorb food.

Cell types of the gastic mucosa of a teleost, the river blackfish, Gadopsis marmoratus

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Giraud ◽  
ND Yeomans
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Mucous Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Gastric Epithelium ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Oxynticopeptic Cells

The gastric mucosa of G. marmoratus was examined by electron microscopy and cytochemistry. The gastric epithelium is composed of three cell types: surface mucous cells, oxynticopeptic cells, and endocrine cells (with three subtypes identified). These cells show ultrastructural homologies with the major cell types in the gastric mucosa of classes of tetrapod vertebrates. However, one cell type present in stomachs of other vertebrates, but lacking from the blackfish stomach, is the glandular mucous cell.

Endocrine and mucous differentiation by a cloned human rectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HRA-19) in vitro: inhibition by TGF-beta 1

1994 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 1041-1046
Author(s):  
S.C. Kirkland ◽  
K. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Rectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Foetal Calf Serum ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Colorectal Epithelium

Colorectal epithelium is composed of absorptive, mucous and endocrine cells, all of which are considered to arise from a common stem cell located in the crypt base. However, the factors controlling the commitment to differentiate are poorly understood. This is partly due to the lack of in vitro model systems for the study of differentiation in colorectal epithelium. The HRA-19 cell line, established from a human rectal adenocarcinoma, has been shown to have multipotential characteristics with cloned HRA-19 cells able to differentiate into absorptive, mucous and endocrine cells when grown as xenografts. The lack of such differentiated cells in HRA-19 monolayers in vitro suggests that differentiation is controlled by extracellular matrix, stromal cells and/or soluble factors. Such observations show that differentiation in HRA-19 cells can be controlled by extrinsic factors and therefore provide a model system for studying control of differentiation in colorectal epithelium. Unfortunately, the restriction of differentiation to xenografts of the cell line limits the degree to which this differentiation can be manipulated. In this study, the possibility that HRA-19 cells could be induced to differentiate in vitro under appropriate conditions has been investigated. Endocrine and mucous cells were identified by immunocytochemistry with differentiation-related antibodies and histology of monolayers. Preconfluent HRA-19 cells grown in 10% foetal calf serum formed a well polarised monolayer with apical tight junctions and sparse microvilli, but cells with mucous or endocrine phenotypes were only very occasionally observed. However, endocrine and mucous cells could reproducibly be demonstrated in postconfluent monolayers grown in 1% foetal calf serum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Gastrointestinal Tract and Accessory Organs in the Spotted Bent-toed Gecko, Cyrtodactylus peguensis (Boulenger, 1893): A Histological and Histochemical Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (04) ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
Lamai Thongboon ◽  
Sinlapachai Senarat ◽  
Jes Kettratad ◽  
Wannee Jiraungkoorskul ◽  
Sansareeya Wangkulangkul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Pas Staining ◽  
Histological Characteristics ◽  
Mucous Neck Cells ◽  
Oxynticopeptic Cells

AbstractThe spotted bent-toed gecko Cyrtodactylus peguensis is one of the exploited reptiles in Thailand. In order to provide basic information for the digestive system of this species, we have examined histologically the gastrointestinal and accessory organs of C. peguensis using routine methods. The gastrointestinal region of this reptile started from the stomach and the intestine. The stomach was separated into fundic and pyloric regions. In both regions, the stomach wall was formed by four distinct tissue layers, including mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa layers. Mucous neck cells and oxynticopeptic cells were identified as glycoprotein-producing cells in the stomach by Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. The small and large intestines shared many histological characteristics, but the former contained more intestinal folds, while the latter had more PAS-positive goblet cells. Histological characteristics of accessory organs, liver and pancreas, were also provided. Overall, the gastrointestinal and accessory organs of C. peguensis were largely similar to those from other reptiles, but fine structural information will open up considerable opportunities to further studies related to the endocrinology, the physiology, and the conservation of this species.

scholarly journals Clinicopathological Characteristics of Superficial Type Colorectal Adenomas Obtained by Endoscopic Resection

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
Sumio Fujinuma ◽  
Yoshihiro Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Endoscopic Resection ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Colorectal Adenomas ◽  
Depressed Type ◽  
Muscularis Mucosae ◽  
Histological Characteristics ◽  
Superficial Type

Colorectal adenomas may be either protruding type or superficial type lesions. To delineate the clinicopathological characteristics of the latter, 153 superficial type adenomas (including the surrounding mucosa) obtained by endoscopic resection were studied morphologically. Superficial type adenomas were defined as flat or flat depressed adenomas with a height of ≤3 mm; histologically, the tubules proliferated horizontally without vertical overlap. The location of tubules in the mucosa was classified as: involvement of the surface layer only (m1), deeper invasion not reaching the muscularis mucosae (m2), or invasion to the muscularis mucosae (m3). The results of analysis indicated: 1) there was no relationship between atypia and size; 2) although macroscopic features (depression, etc.) were associated with the grade of atypia, a closer association was obtained for the location in the mucosa; 3) based on our classification system for tubule location, m2 and m3 adenomas had a significantly higher frequency of depressed type lesions than did m1 lesions; and 4) the height of superficial type adenomas was 295 to 413 μm. Height was lowest in the m3 group followed by, in ascending order, the m2 and m1 groups. These morphological and histological characteristics are expected to contribute to improved diagnosis of superficial type adenomas.

Ultrastructure of fetal alimentary organs: stomach and spiral intestine in the southern stingray, Dasyatis americana

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1431-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Hamlett ◽  
John A. Musick ◽  
Allison M. Eulitt ◽  
Robert L. Jarrell ◽  
Matthew A. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Enteroendocrine Cells ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Spiral Intestine ◽  
Gastric Glands ◽  
Spiral Valve ◽  
Apical Cytoplasm ◽  
Lysosomal System ◽  
Fetal Intestine ◽  
Oxynticopeptic Cells

In the fetal southern stingray, Dasyatis americana, both the stomach and spiral intestine function early in development to digest and absorb nutrient histotroph elaborated by uterine villi termed trophonemata. The gastric mucosa consists of a surface columnar mucous epithelium that is confluent with gastric pits or foveolae. Gastric glands are populated by oxynticopeptic and enteroendocrine cells. The surface mucous cells are pyramidal with apical microvilli. Oxynticopeptic cells are low columnar with a distinct and elaborate tubulovesicular system in the apical cytoplasm. Microvilli line the lumen of the gastric glands and cells have elaborate interdigitating lateral folds. Enteroendocrine cells are characterized by basal granules and a prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum. The fetal intestine is filled with bile-tinged viscous fluid. A core of submucosa supports spiral intestinal plicae that form the spiral valve from which villi project. The most prominent characteristic of the cells are enormous supranuclear vesicles formed by coalescence of smaller endocytotic vesicles. The apical cytoplasm has a profusion of smooth tubules, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes. The large vesicles are interpreted as storage depots for continually ingested histotroph. Small vesicles may then bud off to be digested via the lysosomal system.

scholarly journals Developmental events and cellular changes occurred during esophageal development of quail embryos

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soha A. Soliman ◽  
Fatma A. Madkour
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Muscularis Mucosae ◽  
Cellular Changes ◽  
Circular Layer ◽  
Mucosal Folds ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Longitudinal Layer

AbstractThe current study focused on the histogenesis of the esophagus in quail embryos. Formation of the gut tube occurred on the 4th day of incubation. Development of the muscular layers occurred in a sequential manner; the inner circular layer on the 7th day, the outer longitudinal layer on the 8th day and the muscularis mucosae on the 9th day. Glandular development began on the 13th day of incubation. The epithelium was pseudostratified columnar that consisted of mucous cells, dendritic cells, and keratinocyte precursors. Epithelial stratification occurred on the 15th day of incubation. We used Mallory trichrome, Weigert-Van Gieson, and Gomori silver stains to visualize fibrous components. Scanned samples showed formation of endoderm and mesoderm on the 5th day of incubation. A layer of myoblasts developed on the 8th day of incubation. Formation of mucosal folds, which contained glandular openings, occurred on the 14th to 17th days of incubation. On the 5th to 8th days of incubation, CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) positive-mesodermal cells, and telocytes (TCs) were detected. On the 15th day of incubation, CD34 and VEGF positive-telocytes, and fibroblasts, were identified. The current study described the correlations between functional morphology and evolutionary biology.

scholarly journals Mucosal Hallmarks in the Alimentary Canal of Northern Pike Esox lucius (Linnaeus)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1479
Author(s):  
Giampaolo Bosi ◽  
Massimo Lorenzoni ◽  
Antonella Carosi ◽  
Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Esox Lucius ◽  
Gastric Epithelium ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Distal Intestine ◽  
Pike Esox Lucius

On the basis of trophic behavior, fish are classified as herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, or detritivores. Epithelial mucous cells secrete mucin types specific to diet and digestive function. Mucus secretion is regulated mainly by molecular modulators produced by epithelial endocrine cells in response to luminal or tissue stimuli. These modulators are involved in control of food intake and digestive functions. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence studies were conducted on 10 adult northern pike (Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758) from Lake Piediluco (Central Italy) to quantify distribution of sub-types of mucous and endocrine cells in alimentary mucosal epithelium. Neutral mucins predominated in the esophagus, and mixed and acidic mucins predominated in stomach and intestine. The gastric epithelium contained endocrine cells secreting somatostatin, tyrosine hydroxylase, and substance P. Mucous cells secreting neutral mucins increased in number from proximal to distal intestine, with endocrine cells containing substance P in the proximal intestine and those containing Leu-enkephalin throughout the intestine. Lectin histochemistry of gut sections revealed an abundance of N-acetyl-glucosamine and N-acetyl-galactosamine as carbohydrate residues on the mucin chain. The quantity and content of endocrine and mucous cells in the alimentary canal of E. lucius showed a direct relationship with its diet.

scholarly journals Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction in a dog: case report

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1323-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Bicalho ◽  
A.P.C. Silva ◽  
T.A. Paixão ◽  
R.B. Cardoso Jr. ◽  
R.L. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Muscularis Mucosae ◽  
Muscular Layer ◽  
Distended Abdomen ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intestinal Pseudo Obstruction

Intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a rare disorder that affects gastrointestinal propulsion. It may be secondary to several pathological conditions or it may develop without a known cause. A 1.2 year-old intact Pug bitch had a history of vomiting and constipation, which were followed by diarrhea and distended abdomen. Hypomotility and dilation of the small intestine, which was filled with gas, were observed during laparotomy. Histologically, full thickness biopsy specimens demonstrated a severe loss and degeneration of leiomyocytes in the inner and outer muscular layers of the intestinal wall, whereas there was a marked hypertrophy and hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells in the lamina propria, and extremely thickened muscularis mucosae arranged in bundles oriented in different directions with marked hypertrophy and hyperplasia of leiomyocytes. Distribution of leiomyocytes was further characterized by immunohistochemistry. These findings support the diagnosis of intestinal pseudo-obstruction in a Pug, associated with degeneration and loss of leiomyocytes in the muscular layer.

Prostaglandin stimulates Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange in amphibian oxynticopeptic cells

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (1) ◽  
pp. G44-G49
Author(s):  
A. Yanaka ◽  
K. J. Carter ◽  
P. J. Goddard ◽  
W. Silen
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Disulfonic Acid ◽  
Muscularis Mucosae ◽  
Cl Transport ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Tissues ◽  
Oxynticopeptic Cells ◽  
Stimulation Of

Prostaglandins, shown to stimulate Cl- transport in epithelial cells of several different tissues, protect gastric mucosa against physiological injury induced by luminal acid. To clarify the relationship between the stimulation of Cl(-)-transport and the protection of gastric mucosa, the effect of prostaglandin on Cl(-)-HCO3- exchange in oxynticopeptic cells (OPC) was examined in intact sheets of in vitro frog gastric mucosa, in which OPC were selectively loaded with the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6')-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). In omeprazole (0.3 mM)-pretreated frog fundic mucosae, in which H+ secretion was totally inhibited, 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) induced a significant decrease in intracellular pH (pHi) in OPC simultaneously with a significant increase in pHi in adjacent muscularis mucosae, an effect abolished by removal of ambient Cl- or addition of 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) (0.5 mM). dmPGE2 accentuated the rates of alkalinization of OPC after either removal of ambient Cl- or addition of serosal H2DIDS. During exposure to luminal or serosal acid, dmPGE2 significantly attenuated acidification of OPC induced by the exogenous H+, effects abolished either by removal of ambient Cl- or by addition of H2DIDS (0.5 mM). These results suggest that 1) dmPGE2 stimulates extrusion of HCO3- through the basolateral Cl(-)-HCO3- exchanger in resting OPC (H+ secretion inhibited) and that 2) relatively high extracellular [HCO3-] on the basolateral surface afforded by dmPGE2 protects OPC from acidification during exposure to luminal or serosal acid.

scholarly journals Morphological and histochemical variations of mucous and oxynticopeptic cells in the stomach of the seps, Chalcides chalcides

1999 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
DOMENICO FERRI ◽  
GIUSEPPA ESTERINA LIQUORI ◽  
GIOVANNI SCILLITANI
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Lectin Histochemistry ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Zymogen Granules ◽  
Con A ◽  
Fundic Mucosa ◽  
Acid Secreting ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Oxynticopeptic Cells

Mucous and oxynticopeptic cells in the gastric mucosa of the seps, Chalcides chalcides (Linnaeus, 1758) were examined by standard histochemical staining methods and by lectin histochemistry. The epithelial mucous cells lining the surface of the stomach and the mucous cells of the fundic glands elaborated mainly neutral glycoproteins with β(1,4)GlcNAc oligomers, GalNAc glycosidic residues and Galβ1,3GalNAc terminal sequences. The mucous cells of the fundic glands were stained specifically with the Paradoxical Con A method. The mucosecreting cells of the pyloric glands produced neutral glycoproteins, with β(1,4)GlcNAc oligomers, GalNAc residues and Galβ1,3GalNAc terminal sequences. Terminal L-fucose bound to the penultimate GlcNAc residues, and/or difucosylated oligosaccharides were also present. The pyloric glands did not stain with the Paradoxical Con A procedure. The morphology of the oxynticopeptic cells changes from the oral to the aboral region of the fundic mucosa. In the oral fundic tract the oxynticopeptic cells showed cytoplasm filled with zymogen granules, while in the aboral fundic region these cells contained few zymogen granules and showed cytoplasm full of empty vesicles, typical of the acid secreting cells. A secretion gradient of proteolytic enzymes and hydrochloric acid along the fundic mucosa of the seps can be hypothesised.

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