scholarly journals  ​Effect of Palm Oil Mill Effluent on the Growth of Maize (Zea mays)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.C. Ewelike ◽  
J.C. Orji ◽  
I.E Adieze ◽  
V.E. Ogwudire ◽  
B.U. Uzoho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Expected Effect ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
The Impact

Background: Raw palm oil mill effluent is toxic effluent capable of posing serious threat to plants when discharged to the environment. In developing countries, the untreated effluent is often discharged to the surrounding land due to high cost associated with its treatment. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of palm oil mill effluent treated with locally available material on the growth of maize. Methods: The bunch ash obtained from local material by burning de-fruited oil palm bunch was used for the treatment. The experiment was consisted of eight treatments of concentrations of palm oil mill effluent viz 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 4.0%, 5.0%, 6.0%, 7.0% and 8.0%. The treatment was carried out on potted maize plants with six replications. Four kilograms of soil was weighed into each pot. Six pots were labelled as control, with untreated palm oil mill effluent added to them. Eight other groups consisting of six pots each were treated with 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 4.0%, 5.0%, 6.0%, 7.0% and 8.0% concentrations of the effluent. The maize seeds were planted one in each pot to avoid overcrowding. The pots were transferred to greenhouse and each pot was moistened daily with the specified concentration of the palm oil mill effluent. The growth rate, plant height and leaf length of the maize plants were thereafter determined. Result: The 8.0% concentration of bunch ash in the effluent had the highest expected effect on all the parameters whereas the control gave the lowest expected effect. The effects increased as the concentration of bunch ash in the effluent increased, indicating that increased concentration of bunch ash recorded significant increase in growth rate, height and leaf length of maize. The analysis of variance for the obtained data showed that the effects of the different concentrations were significantly different. This study provides an alternative and cost effective method of ameliorating the toxicity of palm oil mill effluent to plants.

scholarly journals Ameliorative effect of sodium carbonate on phytotoxicity of palm oil mill effluent

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 039-043
Author(s):  
Nicholas Chinedu Ewelike ◽  
Jude N Ogbulie ◽  
Justina C Orji ◽  
Ifechi Adieze ◽  
Adanma Ukaoma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Expected Effect ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to evaluate the impact of palm oil mill effluent treated with sodium carbonate on the growth of maize. The experiment consisted of eight treatments of concentrations of palm oil mill effluent viz 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 4.0%, 5.0%, 6.0%, 7.0% and 8.0%. The treatment was carried out on potted maize plants with six replications. Four kilograms of soil was weighed into each pot. Six pots were labelled as control with untreated palm oil mill effluent added to them. Eight other groups consisting of six pots each were treated with 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 4.0%, 5.0%, 6.0%, 7.0% and 8.0% concentrations of the effluent. The maize seeds were planted one in each pot to avoid overcrowding. The pots were transferred to greenhouse and moistened daily with the effluent. The growth rate, plant height and leaf length of the maize plants were thereafter determined. The 8.0% concentration of sodium carbonate in the effluent had the highest expected effect on the parameters whereas the control gave the lowest expected effect. The effects increased as the concentration of sodium carbonate in the effluent increased, indicating that increased concentration of sodium carbonate recorded significant increase in growth rate, height and leaf length of maize. The analysis of variance for the obtained data showed that the effects of the different concentrations were significantly different. This study provides an alternative and cost effective method of ameliorating the toxicity of palm oil mill effluent to plants.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Photocatalytic Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME): A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.34) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Ashwin Charles ◽  
Chin Kui Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Load Removal ◽  
Visible Light Driven ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) pollution is a serious issue that has gained the attention of an international audience including policy makers, mill owners, NGOs and academicians. With a production rate of 74 million metric tonnes a year, Malaysia is in dire need for new technologies able to address this mounting problem. While previous research has attempted to modify existing microbial driven organic degradation methods to optimize the organic load removal, new studies recognize the futility in this endeavour as mills are unwilling to change the way they operate and adopt these disruptive technologies. Instead current research aims at tertiary polishing technologies of which photocatalysis has emerged as a forerunner. Recent advances indicate photocatalytic treatment of POME is a viable solution to the problem but for it to be cost effective, future studies should focus on visible light driven processes and new reactor configurations to improve the photocatalytic activity of existing systems.  

scholarly journals Culturing of green photosynthetic microalgae (Chlorella sp.) using palm oil mill effluent (POME) for future biodiesel production

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nithin B. R. ◽  
Prakash Bhuyar ◽  
Marlen Trejo ◽  
Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim ◽  
Gaanty Pragas Maniam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Total Cell Count ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Nowadays, the water pollution is leading issue due to palm oil mill effluent (POME), waste from palm oil production is a big problem to Malaysia which is largest palm oil producers. POME containing large amount of chemical oxygen demand (COD) which can cause severe pollution to the environment especially water. This present study designed for culturing green algae (Chlorella sp.) isolated from Pantai Balok, Kuantan which is most common microalgae with palm oil mill effluent (POME). Chlorella sp. was cultured using BG-11 medium with the addition of POME as experiment and without POME as control. The POME responsible for the growth of green algae is studied by measurement of the growth rate, total cell count and chemical oxygen demand (COD) for both conditions. The composition for control and experiment is also measured and determined by using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). From the results, it is observed that the total cell count and growth rate of Chlorella sp. greater in presence of POME since the green microalgae absorbs the essential nutrients from the POME as their nutrients. GCMS revealed that the difference in composition for both the conditions. Results concluded that several COD also vigorously deplete with the help of green algae digestion. Cultivation of Chlorella sp. in POME will help in future water pollution treatment.

Performance and Kinetic Evaluation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Digestion in a Continuous High Rate Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Bioreactor

2021 ◽  
Vol 1025 ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Mohamad Mokhtar Ibrahim ◽  
Zulkifly Jemaat ◽  
Abdurahman Hamid Nour
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Kinetic Evaluation ◽  
Specific Biomass ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
The Impact

In this study, we operated a 10 litre upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor continuosly at mesophilic temperature (38 °C). UASB reactor performance was evaluated based on the impact of the hydraulic retention time (HRT) ranged between 1 and 5 days and influent COD concentration in the range of 4540 mgL-1 and 20,820 mgL-1. The pH of the UASB was maintained in the range of 6.5 to 7.2 by adding buffering solution containing of 5 gL-1 of calcium oxide (CaO) derived from waste cockle shells. A simplified Monod’s model was employed to describe kinetics of anaerobic digestion of POME by using UASB reactor at organic loading rates (OLR) in the range between 1.17 g.CODL-1d-1 and 17.22 g.CODL-1d-1. A high COD degradation rate of 93.26 % was recorded at OLR of 3.92 g.COD L-1d-1 and HRT of 4 days. The UASB reactor generated the maximum biogas production at 34.95 L/d when operated at HRT 1 day and OLR 7.70 g.CODL-1. The proposed kinetic equations are applicable to describe anaerobic treatment of palm oil mill effluent with the UASB reactor. Biokinetic coefficients evaluated were, the growth yield (YG), 3.906 g VSS/g CODremoved.d-1; the specific biomass decay (b), 0.233 d-1; the specific biomass growth rate (μmax), 1.861 d-1; and the saturation constant (Ks), 3.459 g-CODL-1.

scholarly journals Impact of palm oil mill effluent (POME) on the populations of rhizobium and meloidogyne species in Awka, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Henry Okolie ◽  
Chukwuemeka Ekwuribe ◽  
Eucharia Obidiebube ◽  
Chiamakai Obasi
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Meloidogyne Species

The impact of palm oil mill effluent (POME) on the populations of Rhizobium and Meloidogyne species was tested at the Teaching and Research Farm of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria. Three cowpea cultivars ,Dan Kano, Borno local and Sokoto local were used as target crops on plots that received 0 l/ha(control),4000l/ha,6000l/ha and 8000l/ha levels of  POME applications. The  treatments combinations were randomized  within each block and replicated three times. Generally, increasing level of POME application increased number of functional root nodules in all the cultivars, but decreased length of roots and number of non- functional nodules. Nematode populations drastically decreased with increase in POME quantities. Both Rhizobium and Meloidogyne species compete for establishment sites on cowpea roots and high POME rates decreased Nematode population which is why all the three cowpea cultivars had their highest yields at 8000l/ha  POME application  rate. So POME, an organic waste from oil palm processing can be used at up to 8000l/ha to effectively control obnoxious root knot nematode and enrich soil for crop cultivation especially Sokoto local cowpea cultivar. Keywords: POME (palm oil mill effluent), Rhizobium, Meloidogyne liters/hectare, cowpea cultivars

scholarly journals Environmental Impacts of Palm Oil Products: What can we learn from LCA?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Bessou ◽  
Lénaïc Pardon
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
The Impact

Quantifying the environmental impact of production systems has become a milestone for agricultural commodity chains. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a unique ISO standardized methodology for estimating the environmental impact of human activities along a commodity chain. In the last decade, LCA has become the worldwide standard for environmental product declarations and the baseline model behind various GHG calculators and certifications (e.g. European Directive 2009; RSPO PalmGHG 2012). Various LCA on palm oil products have shown that the agricultural stage is a major contributor to most of the potential environmental impacts, including global warming, eutrophication and acidification for instance. This large contribution is due to combined important nitrogen (N) input levels in the field and low input levels at the mill and refinery stages. The agricultural stage remains a critical contributor even when the system boundary is extended to palm-based biofuel production. Focusing on global warming impact, main contributors are N-related GHG emissions in the plantation and methane emissions from palm oil mill effluent treatment. The impact from the plantation becomes overwhelming when forests or peatland areas are converted to palm plantations. Meanwhile, impact from palm oil mill effluent can be drastically reduced if the biogas is captured with electricity recovery. While nitrogen inputs are critical, LCA models still mostly rely on global emission factor. A better modeling of the nitrogen balance including a better accounting for soil processes would allow for a more accurate diagnosis of environmental impacts and control levers in plantation management.

scholarly journals Cultivation of Chlorella sp. as Biofuel Sources in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Hadiyanto ◽  
Muhamad Maulana Azimatun Nur ◽  
Ganang Dwi Hartanto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Urea Concentration ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Renewable energy is essential and vital aspect for development in Indonesia especially less oil reserve for coming 15 years. Biodiesel has received much attention as renewable energy in recent years. One of potential biodiesel is produced from microalgae. Due to high content of nutrients in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME), this waste is a potential for nutrient growth for microalgae. Chlorella is one of high potential for biodiesel since it has high lipid content (20-30%). The objective of the research is to determine growth rate and biomass productivity in Chlorella Sp cultured in POME. Chlorella Sp was cultured in 20%, 50%, 70% POME using urea concentration 0.1gr/L (low nitrogen source) and 1gr/l (high nitrogen source) at flask disk, pH 6.8-7.2; aerated using aquarium pump and fluorescence lamp 3000-6000 lux as light. Medium was measured using spectrophotometer Optima Sp-300 OD at 680 wave length in 15 days to calculate specific growth rate. At end of cultivation, Chlorella sp was filtered and measured as dry weight. Result indicated that Chlorella sp at 50% POME 1gr/L urea showed higher specific growth rate (0.066/day). Factor affecting growth rate of microalgae is CNP ratio, POME concentration, and urea concentration.

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