Impact of improved production technologies on chickpea yields, economics and energy use in rainfed Vertisols

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Patil ◽  
M. N. Ramesha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Flow ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Energy Gains

A field study was conducted during rabi season of 2013–14 in ten farmers’ fields of Joladarasi, K. Veerapur and Chellagurki villages of Bellary district in Karnataka, India to evaluate the improved chickpea variety JG11 with micronutrients application on yield, economics and energy flow in Vertisols. Adopting JG11 chickpea variety and application of micronutrient mixture at 5 kg ha-1 during winter season increased the grain and straw yields by 26% and 31%, respectively over A1variety cultivated by farmers without application of micronutrients. Application of micronutrients alone produced 9% higher yields in JG11 and A1. Greater gross and net returns with higher B:C ratio was observed with cultivation of JG11chickpea variety and application of micronutrients. Energy flow results revealed that smaller input energy through micronutrients application and cultivation of JG11variety produced higher total output energy and net energy benefit (NEB). The NEB per ha varied from 15966 MJ in control plots to as high as 22546 MJ in micronutrients applied plots with JG11 cultivation. Greater average energy use efficiency (EUE) of 3.57, energy productivity (EP) of 0.106 and lesser specific energy (SE) of 9.62 were observed with JG11 cultivation and applied with micronutrients compared to the control plots. Correlation studies indicated the positive and significant correlation of grain yield with net returns, B:C ratio, NEB, EUE and EP. In conclusion higher chickpea yields, profit and energy gains can be achieved by cultivating JG11 variety with micronutrients application at 5 kg ha-1 in the Vertisols of Bellary region during winter season.

scholarly journals Energy budget and carbon footprint in a wheat and maize system under ridge furrow strategy in dry semi humid areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changjiang Li ◽  
Shuo Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Carbon Efficiency ◽  
Net Returns

AbstractThe well-irrigated planting strategy (WI) consumes a large amount of energy and exacerbates greenhouse gas emissions, endangering the sustainable agricultural production. This 2-year work aims to estimate the economic benefit, energy budget and carbon footprint of a wheat–maize double cropping system under conventional rain-fed flat planting (irrigation once a year, control), ridge–furrows with plastic film mulching on the ridge (irrigation once a year, RP), and the WI in dry semi-humid areas of China. Significantly higher wheat and maize yields and net returns were achieved under RP than those under the control, while a visible reduction was found for wheat yields when compared with the WI. The ratio of benefit: cost under RP was also higher by 10.5% than that under the control in the first rotation cycle, but did not differ with those under WI. The net energy output and carbon output followed the same trends with net returns, but the RP had the largest energy use efficiency, energy productivity carbon efficiency and carbon sustainability among treatments. Therefore, the RP was an effective substitution for well–irrigated planting strategy for achieving sustained agricultural development in dry semi-humid areas.

Energy Budgeting of Paddy-Pulse Cropping System in Bhadrak District of Odisha and Assessment of Emission from Paddy Straw Burning

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 222-240
Author(s):  
Bhabani Shankar Dash ◽  
Sangram Keshari Swain ◽  
Debaraj Behera ◽  
Padma Lochan Pradhan ◽  
Pramod Kumar Sahoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Output Energy ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Input Energy ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Straw Burning

Energy auditing of an existing production system helps to assess its energy-use and energy efficiency. The average input energy of paddy-black gram (PB) cropping system (19,862.01 MJ.ha-1) was higher than paddy-green gram (PG) (18,972.34 MJ.ha-1) cropping system in Bhadrak, Odisha. Harvesting and transport operation required highest operational energy for PG (35.57%) and PB (41.20%) farms; while, threshing and winnowing consumed the second highest input energy with 21.34% and 22.71% for PG and PB farms, followed by land preparation with 21.87% and 20.10% respectively. Linear regression data of PG and PB systems showed significant effect (p<0.05) of predictors with R2 values of 87.70% and 82.20% for total output energy and grain energy, respectively; confirming a good fit among the data. The output energy of PB cropping system was 13.91% higher than that of PG cropping system. The PB cropping system, with energy utilisation efficiency (EUE) of 10.31 and 11.82, was more energy-efficient than PG system with EUE of 9.32 and 11.01 for “NC” and “C” farms, respectively. The net energy return of PBC farm was highest with 2,04,505.31 MJ.ha-1. Amongst various pollutants emitted from paddy straw burning in Odisha; CO2 (5,51,296.0 Mg.yr-1), CO (13,102.72 Mg.yr-1), and TPM (4,908.80 Mg.yr-1) had highest share. The quantity of major GHGs (N2 O, CH4 ) released into the atmosphere through paddy straw burning was estimated as 26.43 Mg.yr-1 and 453.12 Mg.yr-1, respectively. Use of straw baler can prevent straw burning, and reduce emission from paddy fields by 2805.54 kg.ha-1 of CO2 and 66.69 kg.ha-1 of CO, 5.96 kg.ha-1 of NOx , 24.98 kg.ha-1 of TPM. Alternatively, use of mulcher can also reduce emission from paddy fields by 2924.44 kg.ha-1 of CO2 and 69.51 kg.ha-1 of CO, 6.21 kg.ha-1 of NOx , 26.04 kg.ha-1 of TPM. The cost of operation of a baler and mulcher were 8,617.0 ₹ ha-1 and 2,543.0 ₹ ha-1, respectively. Input energy and energy saved in paddy fields by baler were 820.0 MJ.ha-1 and 16,928.0 MJ.ha-1; and 266.0 MJ.ha-1 and 24,458.0 MJ.ha-1 by mulcher, respectively

scholarly journals ICT Development and Sustainable Energy Consumption: A Perspective of Energy Productivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheming Yan ◽  
Rui Shi ◽  
Zhiming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Productivity Improvement ◽  
Ict Development ◽  
Saving Effect

The information and communication technology (ICT) is closely related to the future of global energy consumption, not only because the ICT equipment itself increasingly consumes energy, but also because it is a general-purpose technology which may affect energy use of almost all sectors. Given the controversy over the net energy-saving effect of ICT, this paper focuses on a new perspective, i.e., energy productivity, to investigate the relationship between ICT development and energy consumption. Using a data panel of 50 economies over the period of 1995 to 2013, results of the Malmquist energy productivity index generally indicate an unbalanced development of energy productivity across the globe, while results of the patent-based ICT knowledge stock indicate a huge gap of ICT development comparing the high-income economies with the others. Furthermore, regression results indicate that ICT development is significantly related to energy productivity improvement. Finally, this paper suggests accelerating ICT development in underdeveloped economies, given the global common task of sustainable energy consumption.

scholarly journals Mapping of Domestic Hot Water Circulation Losses in Buildings – Preliminary Results from 134 Measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 12009
Author(s):  
Stephen Burke ◽  
Jonatan von Seth ◽  
Tomas Ekström ◽  
Christoffer Maljanovski ◽  
Magnus Wiktorsson
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Water Circulation ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Water Circulation System ◽  
Heated Floor

The hot water circulation system in a building is a system which helps prevent Legionella problems whilst ensuring that tenants have access to hot water quickly. Poorly designed or implemented systems not only increase the risk to people’s health and thermal comfort, but even result in an increase in the energy needed for this system to function properly. Results from previous studies showed that the total hot water circulation system loss can be as high as 25 kWh/m2 heated floor area per year. The purpose of this project is to measure the total energy use per year of the hot water circulation system in about 200 multifamily dwellings of different ages to verify that a system loss of 4 kWh/m2, year is a realistic assumption for both newer and older/retrofitted buildings. The preliminary results from the first 134 measurements showed that the assumption of 4 kWh/m2, year is rarely fulfilled. An average energy use of more than three times this is more common, even in newer buildings. Whilst some of the total energy lost is used to heat the buildings, it is not desirable because it is an uncontrolled energy flow.

Energy use and Economic Analysis for Achieving Target Yield through Site Specific Nutrient Management in Soybean (Glycine max L.)- Chickpea Cropping System (Cicer arietinum L.) 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand G. Patil ◽  
A.S. Halepyati ◽  
B.M. Chittapur
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Target Yield ◽  
3.0 T

Background: The measure of energy flow in crop production system provides a good indicator of the production of technological aspects of crop production systems in agriculture. Sustainable agricultural management technologies should be studied in terms of increased productivity, profitability, energy saving and efficiency of agricultural inputs usage by using efficiency indices and sustainable indicators. Methods: A field experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Station, Janawada, Bidar during kharif and rabi seasons for two consecutive years (2014-15 and 2015-16) to know the energy use for achieving target yield. The experiement was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The treatments viz., The two genotypes of soybean (JS335 and DSB 21) and chickpea (JG 11 and GBM 2) were tested for target yield of 2.0 t ha-1, 2.5 t ha-1, 3.0 t ha-1, 3.5 t ha-1, farmers practice and RDF were tested in medium black soils in randomized block design with three replications. The soil testing was carried out to determine the quantity of major nutrient for different target yields. Result: The experimental results revealed that the significantly higher energy efficiency (5.28 MJ ha-1), net energy (1,71,039.00 MJ ha-1), energy productivity (0.40 kg MJ-1), energy intensity (1,71,039.00 MJ ha-1) in physical terms (13.29 MJ kg-1) and economic terms (3.68 MJ Rs.-1), crop profitability (723.53 Rs.ha-1 day-1), system profitability (417.05 Rs.ha-1day-1) and relative economic efficiency (2.75) and soybean equivalent yield (5683 kg ha-1) were noticed in JS 335/JG 11 + target yield 3.0 t ha-1 compared to rest of the treatments. Thus, it could be concluded that various efficiency indices also used as alternative indices for achieving target yield in cropping system.

Evaluation of chickpea varieties under compartmental bunding in rainfed situation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Patil ◽  
N. Loganandhan ◽  
M. N. Ramesha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Extension Gap

Compartmental bunding (CB) and improved chickpea varieties were evaluated in ten farmers’ fields during rainy-winter (kharif-rabi) seasons of 2012-13 in Vertisols at Bellary, India. Adopting improved chickpea varieties of BGD103 and JG11 during winter season increased the grain yields from 12.5 to 15.9%, respectively over locally cultivated A1 variety. The CB that was laid out during July (rainy season) conserved rainwater in-situ and further increased the grain yield of chickpea up to 36.7% in BGD103 and 43.9% in JG11. The increase in grain yield from 24.2% (JG11) to 27.8% (BGD103) indicates that CB is effective for in-situ rainwater conservation and improving profile soil moisture in Vertisols. However technology gap during study period was higher compared to extension gap and it was attributed to drought situation with only 81.2% of mean annual rainfall. Technology index was higher in this study and varied from 48.3% (Cultivation of BGD103 variety with CB) to 60.6% (Cultivation of JG11 variety without CB) indicating that technology index can be reduced and chickpea yields can be increased and sustained with adoption of improved chickpea production technologies including in-situ rainwater conservation practices at farmers fields. Correlation studies also indicate that grain weight, stover weight and total dry matter production per plant ultimately determine the chickpea grain and stover yields in the Vertisols of Bellary region during winter season. Higher gross and net returns with greater B:C ratio was observed with layout of farmers fields with CB and cultivation of JG11 variety.

scholarly journals Influence of Mechanical and Intelligent Robotic Weed Control Methods on Energy Efficiency and Environment in Organic Sugar Beet Production

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Indrė Bručienė ◽  
Domantas Aleliūnas ◽  
Egidijus Šarauskis ◽  
Kęstutis Romaneckas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Environmental Requirements

Rapidly warming climate, tightening environmental requirements, an aging society, rising wages, and demand for organic products are forcing farming to be more efficient and sustainable. The main aim of this study was to perform an analytical analysis and to determine the energy use and GHG emissions of organic sugar beet production using different weed control methods. Seven different methods of non-chemical weed control were compared. Mechanical inter-row loosening, inter-row cutting and mulching with weeds, weed smothering with catch crops, and thermal inter-row steaming were performed in field experiments at the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University (Lithuania, 2015–2017). The other three, namely, automated mechanical inter-row loosening with cameras for row-tracking, inter-row loosening with a diesel-powered robot, and inter-row loosening with an electric robot were calculated analytically. The results showed that the average total energy use of organic sugar beet production was 27,844 MJ ha−1, of which manure costs accounted for 48–53% and diesel fuel for 29–35%. An average energy efficiency ratio was 7.18, while energy productivity was 1.83 kg MJ ha−1. Analysis of GHG emissions showed that the total average GHG emissions to the environment from organic sugar beet production amounted to 4552 kg CO2eq ha−1, and the average GHG emissions ratio was 4.47. The most sustainable organic sugar beet production was achieved by using mechanical inter-row loosening with a diesel-powered robot for weed control.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency of Continuous Rye, Rotational Rye and Barley in Different Fertilization Systems in a Long-Term Field Experiment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Gerhard Moitzi ◽  
Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner ◽  
Hans-Peter Kaul ◽  
Helmut Wagentristl
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Total Energy Input ◽  
Use Efficiency

A goal in sustainable agriculture is to use fossil energy more efficiently in crop production. This 60-year-old experiment on a silt loam chernozem investigated effects of fertilization (unfertilized control, mineral fertilizer (NPK) and farmyard manure (FYM)) and rotation (continuous winter rye (CR), winter rye in rotation (RR), spring barley in rotation (SB) on diesel fuel consumption, total energy input (made of both direct and indirect inputs), crop yield, energy output, net-energy output, energy intensity, energy productivity and energy use efficiency. The input rates of fertilizer, herbicides and seeds were set constant during the experiment. Soil tillage was done with a moldboard plough with subsequent combined seedbed preparation and seeding. The mean calculated total energy input was highest in NPK with 11.28 GJ ha−1 and lowest in the unfertilized control with 5.00 GJ ha−1. Total energy input for FYM was intermediate with 6.30 GJ ha−1. With energetic consideration of NPK nutrients in FYM the total energy input increased to the level of NPK. The share of the fertilizer energy on the total energy input was 49% for NPK. Fertilization with FYM and NPK increased yield and energy output considerably, especially of CR and SB which attained about doubled values. Crop rotation also increased the yield and energy output, especially of unfertilized rye, which attained values increased by about 75%. Fertilization with FYM resulted in the highest energy efficiency as the net-energy output, the energy productivity and the energy use efficiency were higher but the energy intensity was lower compared to unfertilized controls and NPK. When the nutrients in FYM were also energetically considered, the energy efficiency parameters of FYM decreased to the level of the NPK treatment. Crop rotation increased the energy efficiency of winter rye compared to the monoculture.

Analysis of Energy Consumption for Protected Grape Production System in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 2468-2472
Author(s):  
Dong Tian ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Jian Ying Feng
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Use Efficiency

This study examines energy consumption of inputs and output used in protected grape production, and aims at to find relationship between energy inputs and yield in the major protected grape producing regions in China. For this purpose, the data were collected from 516 questionnaires which included 304 effective ones by questionnaire survey method. The results indicated that total energy inputs were 57697.84 MJha-1where the Chemical with (32.4%) and Fertilizer with about (21.1%) were the major energy consumers. About 53.4% of the total energy inputs used in protected grape production was indirect while 46.6% was direct. The non-renewable shared about 78% whereas the renewable energy did 22%. Average yield and energy consumption are calculated as 25367.22Kgha-1and 299333.2MJha-1. Energy use efficiency, energy productivity, specific energy and net energy were 5.18, 0.44 kgMJ-1, 2.27 MJkg-1and241635.36 MJha-1, respectively.

Measurement of Energy Use in Agriculture

1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-121
Author(s):  
Amarjit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Regions

Historically, energy utilization efficiency has been measured using energy ratio and energy productivity. Both these measures have their limitations. So a new measure of energy productivity, i.e. the value of product per unit of energy input, is proposed to measure energy utilization at macro levels. This measure will enable comparison of the efficiency of different agricultural systems, agricultural regions, farm size classes, countries, etc. Comparisons over time of the changes within an agricultural system are also possible, even if the product mix changes. It will help in Identifying regions of comparative advantage for various agricultural activities, and may also aid policy formulation for the location of agriculture and agricultural development. This measure of efficiency is a midway approach to net energy analysis and traditional economic analysis.

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