Solar radiation use efficiency of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) in relation to crop geometry and varieties

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuljit Kaur ◽  
K.S. Saini
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Research Experiment ◽  
Radiation Use ◽  
Crop Geometry ◽  
Better Than

Pulses are integral part of Indians diet so there is significant need to improve the productivity of pulses for their per capita availability. A research experiment was conducted in kharif 2015, at student research farm, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab to assess the radiation utilization and productivity of pigeon pea with respect to different row spacings and varieties. It was found that 60 x 21cm gave significant results in photosynthetically active radiation interception (PARI), canopy temperature, yield and yield components which were due to efficient GDD than other crop geometries. Similarly, determinate variety AL 15 performed significantly better than indeterminate variety PAU 881 in yield contributing components, yield and radiation use efficiency.

scholarly journals Effects of low light intensity on radiation use efficiency and productivity of tropical pulses

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
K.N. MANOJ ◽  
M.R. UMESH ◽  
N. ANANDA ◽  
SHANTAPPA DUTTARGANVI
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity ◽  
Radiation Use ◽  
Plot Design

Pulses have distinct morpho-physiological response under reduced sunlight. But little is known for their capacity to adapt to the level of shading encountered in crop mixtures. Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the pulses under artificial shade during rainy season at Raichur, Karnataka. Objectives were to select potential pulse crop tolerant to shade based on productivity and radiation use efficiency (RUE). Experiment was laid out in split-plot design, wherein light intensity (unshade, 50 and 75% shade) in main plots and pigeon-pea, cowpea, lablab and black-gram were in sub plots. Shade levels were created by the erection of white shade nets at 25 DAS continued upto harvest. Results indicated that irrespective of the crop more pods, grain, stover and protein yield were recorded under unshade. While, pigeon-pea and lablab were produced significantly higher yield under unshade, however, these were also well performed under 50 per cent shade over black-gram and cowpea. However, seeds crude protein was higher in shaded plants compared to unshaded. Significantly higher RUE (2.22 gMJ-1) was recorded in pigeon-pea under 75 per cent shade and lowest in unshaded lablab (0.35 gMJ-1) and black-gram (0.40 g MJ-1). Results inferred that pigeon-pea and lablab were found tolerant to shade compared to cowpea and black-gram and may be suitable for crop mixtures cultivation.

Morphological characteristics of wheat associated with high productivity

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Major ◽  
H. H. Janzen ◽  
R. S. Sadasivaiah ◽  
J. M. Carefoot
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Eight wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars including soft white spring, hard red spring, Canada Prairie Spring (CPS) and durum types were grown on rain-fed and irrigated land from 1987 to 1990 at Lethbridge, AB, to assess the relationship between yield components and radiation-use efficiency. Canopy reflectance measurements were used to estimate seasonal absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (APAR). At maturity, yield components including tillers per plant, heads per plant, kernels per head and kernel weight were determined. Whole-plant phytomass and grain yield were also determined. Harvest index was determined from the ratio of grain yield to whole-plant (excluding roots) phytomass and radiation-use efficiency (RUE) was calculated from the ratio of whole-plant phytomass to APAR. Significant grain yield differences confirmed that soft white and CPS wheats yielded more and responded more to irrigation than hard red or durum wheats. The yield components that were consistently different among cultivars were kernels per head and kernel weight which would be expected to increase if a consistent supply of assimilate was available during grain filling. Soft white and CPS wheats had higher harvest indices than the hard red or durum wheats, particularly under irrigation. Whole-plant phytomass was closely related to APAR and there were few differences among cultivars for RUE. There was no difference in RUE between rain-fed and irrigated treatments, indicating that there was probably no crop water stress on the rain-fed plots. RUE estimates for 1988 were lower than for the succeeding years, indicating an environmental or edaphic stress in that year.Key words: Remote sensing, radiation-use efficiency, yield components

scholarly journals Radiation dimming induced modifications in radiation utilization of wheat (Triticumaestivum) crop

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-338
Author(s):  
JOYDEEP MUKHERJEE ◽  
BRIJESH YADAV ◽  
V.K. SEHGAL ◽  
PRAMEELA KRISHNAN ◽  
RAJ KUMAR DHAKAR
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Global dimming has many environmental and climatic implications. India has also experienced a steady and continuous radiation dimming since 1960s due to increasing load of dust and aerosol in the atmosphere. Radiation interception, temperature, humidity and wind profile are altered under reduced light condition which are determining factor for crop phenology, leaf area index, biomass production, grain yield and radiation use efficiency of crops.In this experiment, three wheat cultivars (HD 2967, WR 544 and PBW 502) were grown under five solar radiation treatments i.e. R1 (no shading), R2 (20% shading), R3 (35% shading), R4 (50% shading) and R5 (75% shading) during rabi season of 2014-15 and 2015-16 at research farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi to study the effect of radiation dimming on performance of selected wheat cultivars.In both the years the canopy temperature of wheat from crop vegetative stage to maturity was decreased with increase of shading level. The effect of reduced solar radiation significantly decreased the biomass production and yield.The radiation use efficiency (RUE) for biomass was increased due to shading treatments whereas the RUE for yield decreased with radiation reduction.The RUE for yield was the highest for no shading treatment (0.85 and 0.75 g MJ-1 in 2014-15 and 2015-16, respectively). Among the cultivars, the radiation use efficiency for biomass as well as yield was the highest in HD 2967 followed by WR 544 and PBW 502,respectively.

Yield components, light interception and radiation use efficiency of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in response to row spacing

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Mattera ◽  
Luis A. Romero ◽  
Alejandra L. Cuatrín ◽  
Patricia S. Cornaglia ◽  
Agustín A. Grimoldi
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Radiation Use

scholarly journals RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY, ABOVE GROUND BIOMASS ACCUMULATION, CANOPY DEVELOPMENT, LEAF AREA-LIGHT INTERCEPTION PROFILES AND RADIATION INTERCEPTION OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) AS INFLUENCED BY IRRIGATION REGIMEN / INFLUENCIA DEL RÉGIMEN DE IRRIGACIÓN SOBRE LA EFICACIA DEL USO DE LA RADIACIÓN, LA ACUMULACIÓN DE BIOMASA, EL DESAROROLLO DEL CANOPEO, EL ÁREA DE LA HOJA Y LOS PERFILES DE INTERCEPCIÓN DE LUZ Y DE RADIACIÓN EN GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) / EFFICACITÉ DE L’UTILISATION DES RADIATIONS SOLAIRES, ACCUMULATION DE LA BIOMASSE DANS LA PARTIE AÉRIENNE, DÉVELOPPEMENT DE L’OMBRELLE, PROFILS D’INTERCEPTION DE LA LUMIÈRE PAR LA FEUILLE ET INTERCEPTION DES RADIATIONS SOLAIRES CHEZ LE TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.) SOUS L’INFLUENCE D’UN RÉGIME D’IRRIGATION

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sridhara ◽  
T.G. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Radiation Interception ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

SUMMARYA field experiment was conducted at Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore to study the effect of irrigation regimens on the biomass accumulation, canopy development, light interception and radiation use efficiency of sunflower. The treatments includes irrigating the plants at 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 cumulative pan evaporation. The results indicated that the aboveground biomass, canopy development, radiation interception and radiation use efficiency were influenced favorably by the irrigation regimens. Irrespective of the irrigation regimen, the radiation use efficiency of sunflower increased from 15 DAS to 75 DAS and then tended to decline. The decrease in RUE after anthesis is coupled with decrease in leaf nitrogen content. In general the RUE of sunflower ranged from 0.49 g MJ-1 to 1.84 g MJ-1 at different growth stages. The light transmission within the canopy increased exponentially with plant height and the canopy extension coefficient is found to be 0.8.

scholarly journals Intercepted Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) and Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Transmitted PAR under High-Density and Super High-Density Olive Orchards

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Adolfo Rosati ◽  
Damiano Marchionni ◽  
Dario Mantovani ◽  
Luigi Ponti ◽  
Franco Famiani
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
High Density ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Radiation Use

We quantified the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception in a high-density (HD) and a super high-density (SHD) or hedgerow olive system, by measuring the PAR transmitted under the canopy along transects at increasing distance from the tree rows. Transmitted PAR was measured every minute, then cumulated over the day and the season. The frequencies of the different PAR levels occurring during the day were calculated. SHD intercepted significantly but slightly less overall PAR than HD (0.57 ± 0.002 vs. 0.62 ± 0.03 of the PAR incident above the canopy) but had a much greater spatial variability of transmitted PAR (0.21 under the tree row, up to 0.59 in the alley center), compared to HD (range: 0.34–0.43). This corresponded to greater variability in the frequencies of daily PAR values, with the more shaded positions receiving greater frequencies of low PAR values. The much lower PAR level under the tree row in SHD, compared to any position in HD, implies greater self-shading in lower-canopy layers, despite similar overall interception. Therefore, knowing overall PAR interception does not allow an understanding of differences in PAR distribution on the ground and within the canopy and their possible effects on canopy radiation use efficiency (RUE) and performance, between different architectural systems.

SEED-ORIENTED PLANTING IMPROVES LIGHT INTERCEPTION, RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY AND GRAIN YIELD OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUILHERME M. TORRES ◽  
ADRIAN KOLLER ◽  
RANDY TAYLOR ◽  
WILLIAM R. RAUN
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Canopy Structure ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Seed Placement ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Radiation Use

SUMMARYSeed-oriented planting provides a manner to influence canopy structure. The purpose of this research was to improve maize light interception using seed-oriented planting to manipulate leaf azimuth across the row thereby minimizing leaf overlap. To achieve leaf azimuths oriented preferentially across the row, seeds were planted: (i) upright with caryopsis pointed down, parallel to the row (upright); and (ii) laying flat, embryo up, perpendicular to the row (flat). These treatments were compared to conventionally planted seeds with resulting random leaf azimuth distribution. Seed orientation effects were contrasted with three levels of plant population and two levels of hybrid specific canopy structures. Increased plant population resulted in greater light interception but yield tended to decrease as plant population increased. The planophile hybrid produced consistently greater yields than the erectophile hybrid. The difference between planophile and erectophile hybrids ranged from 283 to 903 kg ha−1. Overall, mean grain yield for upright and flat seed placement increased by 351 and 463 kg ha−1 compared to random seed placement. Greater cumulative intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (CIPAR) was found for oriented seeds rather than random-oriented seeds. At physiological maturity upright, flat and random-oriented seeds intercepted 555, 525 and 521 MJ m−2 of PAR, respectively. Maize yield responded positively to improved light interception and better radiation use efficiency. Under irrigated conditions, precision planting of maize increased yield by 9 to 14% compared to random-oriented seeds.

Radiation-use efficiency in biomass accumulation prior to grain-filling for five grain-crop species

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Kiniry ◽  
C.A. Jones ◽  
J.C. O'toole ◽  
R. Blanchet ◽  
M. Cabelguenne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use
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