Assessment of Diversity Indices and DNA Barcoding of Parasitic Fauna Associated with Groundnut Leafminer (GLM), Aproaerema modicella Deventer (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Murugasridevi ◽  
S. Jeyarani ◽  
S. Jeyarajan Nelson ◽  
S. Mohan Kumar ◽  
S. Nakkeeran
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Parasitic Fauna ◽  
Aproaerema Modicella ◽  
Biodiversity Indices ◽  
Bracon Hebetor ◽  
Agroclimatic Zones ◽  
Chelonus Blackburni

Background: Parasitoid wasps have received a great share of heed in the biological control of pests. However, they are often difficult to identify because of their small body size and profound diversity. In this view, biodiversity indices of parasitic fauna was reckoned and proper identification of those biocontrol agents were done through morphological and molecular technique such as DNA barcoding.Methods: Biodiversity indices of parasitoid of Groundnut Leafminer (GLM), Aproaerema modicella Deventer were reckoned for three agroclimatic zones viz., Irrigated Eastern zone (IE), Rainfed zone (R) and Irrigated Western zone (IW) of Tamil Nadu. Biodiversity indices viz., Relative density, Simpson’s Index, Shannon-Wiener Index, Pielou’s Evenness Index, Margalef Index and Beta diversity were assessed for the parasitic fauna associated with GLM. Apart from this, morphological characterization of prominent parasitoids were done with the help of available literatures and taxonomic experts. The molecular characterization of parasitoids were done using mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (mtCOI).Result: The relative density of parasitoid families and species indicated the dominance of braconidae and Chelonus blackburni Cameron. Among the agroclimatic zones, rainfed zone had higher species diversity, richness and evenness. In addition, the morphological and molecular confirmation revealed that the parasitoids associated with A. modicella as Temelucha spp., Stenomesius japonicus, Bracon hebetor, Sympiesis dolichogaster, Chelonus blackburni and Avga choaspes. The amplified sequences were submitted to NCBI database and accession numbers were obtained.

scholarly journals Sintering of alumina ceramics reinforced with a bioactive glass of 3CaO.P2O5-SiO2-MgO system

Cerâmica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (358) ◽  
pp. 160-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Huang ◽  
C. Santos ◽  
R. O. Magnago ◽  
R. F. F. Silva ◽  
K. Strecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Transient Liquid Phase ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Alumina Ceramics ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
Solid State Sintering ◽  
Sintering Condition

<p>Alumina-based ceramics, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, exhibit a combination of properties which favor its use as biomaterial, specifically as structural dental prosthesis. Its most important properties as biomaterial are its elevated hardness, chemical stability and biocompatibility. Usually, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is processed by solid-state sintering at a temperature of about 1600 <sup>o</sup>C, but it is very difficult to eliminate the porosity due to its diffusional characteristics. The objective of this work was the development and characterization of sintered Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ceramics, densified with a transient liquid phase formed by a bioactive 3CaO.P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub>-MgO glass. Powder mixtures of 90 wt.% Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and 10 wt.% bioglass were milled, compacted and sintered at 1200 <sup>o</sup>C to 1450 <sup>o</sup>C. Comparatively, monolithic Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> samples were sintered at 1600 <sup>o</sup>C/120 min. The sintered specimens were characterized by relative density, crystalline phases, microstructure and mechanical properties. The results indicate that the specimen sintered at 1450 <sup>o</sup>C/120 min present the best properties. Under this sintering condition, a relative density of 95% was reached, besides hardness higher than 9 GPa and fracture toughness of 6.2 MPa.m<sup>1/2</sup>. XRD analysis indicate alumina (αAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), whitlockite (3CaO.P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) and diopsite [3(Ca,Mg)O.P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>], as crystalline phases. Comparatively, monolithic sintered Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> samples presented 92% of relative density with 17.4 GPa and 3.8 MPa.m<sup>1/2</sup> of hardness and fracture toughness respectively.</p>

scholarly journals Isolation and molecular characterization of Dichelobacter nodosus isolated from sheep in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Vitor Santiago de Carvalho ◽  
Charles Fernando Capinos Scherer ◽  
Maicon Pereira Lents ◽  
José Eugênio Guimarães ◽  
Juliana Targino Silva Almeida e Macêdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Dichelobacter Nodosus ◽  
Foot Diseases ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Animal Infection ◽  
History Of

Background: Pododermatitis or footrot is an infectious disease that affects the hoof and interdigital tissue of sheep causing lameness. The disease is caused by the interaction of the agent Dichelobacter nodosus and symbiotic bacteria in the complex environment of the epidermal tissues of the hoof and host immune system. D. nodosus is not able to invadehealthy hooves, so the infection is preceded by colonization of the interdigital skin by Fuso bacterium necrophorum. The aim of this research was to perform the isolation andcharacterization of D. nodosus in sheep farms of different municipalities of Bahia, obtaining the serogroups present in each herd.Materials, Methods & Results: The study was carried out in nine sheep farms from eight municipalities in the state of Bahia. All farms presented history of foot diseases. A total of 620 animals were observed, 140 of which were examined for lameness. To collect the contents of the lesions, sterile swabs were introduced into tubes containing sterile Thorley transport medium under refrigeration at 8°C and sent for laboratory analysis. Subsequently, each swab collected was seeded in two Petri dishes containing 4% hoof agar medium and incubated in anaerobic at 37°C for 96 hours. The purified samples were seeded on 2% hoof agar and incubated under the same conditions as above. The colonies were identified by the morphological characteristic and Gram staining. The DNA was extracted and stored at -20°C until its use in PCR, for identification and classification of D. nodosus in serogroups (A-I). In the nine farms visited were found animals with clinical signs of infectious pododermatitis.After processing, there was success of isolation in 39 samples (41%), confirming the presence of D. nodosus in all municipalities evaluated. Seven serogroups (A, B, D, E, F, H, I) were identified, totalizing 52 positive cases involving these serogroups, being the most prevalent the serogroups D, with 59% of the cases (31/52) and H with 17% (7/52). Of the total samples, 11.5% had mixed infections with more than one serogroup per animal. Infection by up to two serogroups was found in 9.5% of the samples. Infection by more than two serogroups was found in only 2.1% of the samples of the present study.Discussion: The variations found in the number of affected animals and evolution of the lesions can be explained by the nature of the strains present in each farm and by epidemiological factors. According to the literature, it is possible to observe percentage variations of success in culturing D. nodosus either in different countries or in different regions within the same country, finding larger, smaller and similar values to this work (41%). These variations usually occur for reasons related to the quantity and viability of the bacteria in the samples. Thus, the number of bacteria in the lesion, degree of contamination with other bacteria, type and use of means of transport, besides the time elapsed among thecollection, packaging and shipment are primordial elements to reach good isolation rates. Among all the serogroups found in this experiment, D and H were the predominant ones. The present work is the first in Brazil to characterize isolates of D. nodosus by PCR, a more accurate molecular technique than the previously used technique, based on microagglutination, and the first report in the country involving serogroup I, including mixed infections of this species (D + H + I) and other serogroups (E + F, D + H). Thus, the knowledge of the serogroups prevalent in a given state or country is directly related to both prevention and eradication of the disease.

Comparison of Novel Conductive Open- and Closed-Porous PPy-PLA Composites

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Chan ◽  
Ellen Chan ◽  
Weijia Zhang ◽  
Hani E. Naguib
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Compression Molding ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Conductive Composites ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Porous Composites

This study compared the fabrication techniques and characterization of novel open- and closed-porous structures in PPy-PLA conductive composites. For the open-porous composites, PLA samples were fabricated using compression molding and salt leaching with varying salt-to-polymer mass ratios, which were subsequently coated with PPy by in situ polymerization of pyrrole and iron (III) chloride. For the closed-porous composites, a patterned structure of PPy within PLA was created using compression molding of PPy-coated PLA pellets, followed by gas saturation and foaming techniques in order to create the closed pores. Characterization of both porous composites included their physical, mechanical, and electrical properties. Results showed that the modulus increased with increasing relative density and decreasing open porosity. The open-porous composites had lower relative density values but higher open porosities compared to the closed-porous composites. The average size of the closed pores was approximately an order of magnitude larger than the open pores. Lastly, the open-porous composites had higher conductivity values than the closed-porous composites due to the greater surface area of the continuous conductive pathway. The comparisons between open- and closed-porous composites established their characteristic properties for their future development in applications.

Spark Plasma Sintering and Characterization of WC-Co-cBN Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 616 ◽  
pp. 194-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Feng Zhang ◽  
Rong Tu ◽  
Takashi Goto
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Moderate Pressure ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma

WC-Co-cBN composites were consolidated by SPS at 1373 to 1673 K under a moderate pressure of 100 MPa. The addition of cBN increased the starting and finishing temperature of shrinkage and decreased the relative density of WC-Co. The relative density of WC-(10-20 vol%) cBN composites was about 97-100% at 1573 K and decreased with increasing the sintering temperature to 1673 K due to the phase transformation of cBN to hBN. The highest hardness and fracture toughness of WC-Co-20 vol% cBN composite sintered at 1573 K were 23.2 GPa and 8.0 MP m1/2, respectively.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the hepatopancreas of cultured white pacific shrimp - Litopenaeus vannamei

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 797-805
Author(s):  
Kolli Guna Ranjan ◽  
Girija Sankar G ◽  
Satyanarayana Raju DVV
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the most common species among crustaceans, often causing various diseases and significant losses in aquaculture. Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is a newly emerging shrimp disease that has severely damaged the global shrimp industry. This species of bacteria is associated with gastrointestinal illness in humans and has been implicated in foodborne disease. The present study carried out, isolation and characterization of pathogenic bacterial flora isolated from the infected hepatopancreas of vannamei, obtained from various aquafarms in Andhra Pradesh, India, on 11th June 2018. The collected samples were plated on TCBS- (Thiosulfate-Citrate-Bile salt-Sucrose) agar medium and Hi -Chrome vibrio, as described in Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Isolated colonies were subjected to the following tests- microscopic examination, growth at different temperatures, growth at different NaCl concentrations, and biochemical tests. Further purity, maintenance, and propagation of purified cultures were done. The microbial culture was identified using 16s rRNA molecular technique. Phylogenetic Evolutionary analyses and distance matrix were conducted in MEGA7.In the present study, different samples were screened, a total of three green colonies (V44, V45, V46) were isolated, identified by biochemical tests and genetic identification as Vibrio parahaemolyticus. A systematic methodology has been developed to isolate and characterize Vibrio sp. from diseased shrimp and identify them by genetic analysis

scholarly journals Evaluation of ecto and endo parasitic fauna of Schizothorax plagiostomus inhabitants of river Swat, Khyber PakhtunKhwa, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Khalid ◽  
W. Khan ◽  
S. N. Das ◽  
A. Ahmad ◽  
S. A. Mehmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Parasitic Fauna ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
The World ◽  
Fish Collection

Abstract Fish is consumed as a rich and cheaper source of white meat and proteins all over the world. Fish farming is the leading source of income generation throughout the world. The present research study was conducted with aims to investigate the ecto and endo parasitic fauna of S. plagiostomus (snow trout) in River Swat. A total of 96 fish samples were collected on monthly basis from July-2018 to February-2019, from upper, middle and lower reaches. Fish samples were collected with the help of cast net, hand net and fishing rods. Local fishermen and experts help were also sought out for fish collection. 61 out of 96 fishes were found infected by helminth parasites. The total prevalence and intensity of 63.54% and 2.90 was observed respectively during data analysis. Highest monthly prevalence of 83.33% was recorded during July and August, while lowest prevalence of 33.33% was noted during February. Five species of helminths parasites were detected from S. plagiostomus, of which two were trematodes (Rhabdochona shizothoracis and Rhabdochona species), one species of Monogenia (Diplozoon paraddoxum), one species of Cestodes (Nippotaenia species), and one species of Acanthocephalan (Neoechynorhynchus devdevi). Highest parasite wise prevalence, intensity and relative density of 21.87%, 4.09 and 0.895 was noted for R. schizothoracis while the lowest prevalence, intensity and relative density of 4.16%, 1.25 and 0.052 was noted for N. devdevi. Highest infection of 76.08% was observed in adults host while lowest, 40% infestation rate was observed in young fish samples. 73.68% prevalence was observed in female hosts while only 56.90% prevalence was observed in male individuals. Higher infection (83.33%) was noticed during summer season, while lowest infection (44.44%) was observed during winter season. Similarly 71.79% fishes were found infected that were collected from lower reaches of the River Swat than the fish samples collected from upper reaches (52%).

scholarly journals Chemical and mineralogical characterization of elbaites from the Alto Quixaba pegmatite, Seridó province, NE Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana C.M. Ferreira ◽  
Valderez P. Ferreira ◽  
Dwight R. Soares ◽  
Hugo S. Vilarroel-Leo
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Central Portion ◽  
Unit Cell Parameters ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Average Relative Density

The Alto Quixaba pegmatite, Seridó region, northeastern Brazil, is a 60º/80ºSW-trending subvertical dike discordantly intruded into biotite schists of the Upper Neoproterozoic Seridó Formation. It has three distinct mineralogical and textural zones, besides a replacement body that cuts the pegmatite at its central portion and in which occur, among other gem minerals, colored elbaites. Elbaites usually occur as prismatic crystals, elongate according to the c-axis, with rounded faces and striations parallel to this axis. Optically, crystals are uniaxial negative with strong pleochroism; refractive index extraordinary axis = 1.619-1.622 and ordinary axis = 1.639-1.643, birefringence between 0.019 and 0.021, average relative density of 3.07, and the following unit cell parameters: ao = 15.845 Å, co = 7.085 Å and V = 1540.476 Å. There is alkali deficiency in the X site of 12-17%. The elbaites are relatively enriched in MnO (1.69 to 2.87%) and ZnO (up to 2.98%).

Pneumocystis jirovecii and microsporidia: An unusual coinfection in HIV patients?

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1191-1194
Author(s):  
Yaxsier de Armas ◽  
Virginia Capó ◽  
Fernando Jorge Bornay-Linares ◽  
Carmen del Águila ◽  
Olga Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Finding ◽  
Pneumocystis Jirovecii ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Methenamine Silver ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Microsporidia Species

Abstract Pneumocystis jirovecii and microsporidia species are recognized as opportunistic infectious pathogens in AIDS patients. Coinfection of both in one patient has been rarely reported. The aim of the present study was to investigate the coinfection of P. jirovecii and microsporidia in different tissues from AIDS deceased patients. Post mortem histological finding of P. jirovecii and microsporidia was demonstrated by means of the Grocott's methenamine silver and Brown Brenn staining, respectively. Molecular technique was used for identification and characterization of both fungi. Out of the 514 autopsied cases P. jirovecii and microsporidia species were identified in 53 (10.3%) and 62 (12.1%) cases respectively. A total of five cases (0.97%) coinfected with Pneumocystis and microsporidia were recovered from all analyzed autopsies. Coinfection of Pneumocystis and microsporidia is very challenging and raises interesting issues about host-parasite relationship. The early diagnosis of both pathogens must be crucial to establish correct and early treatments, improve the patient's evolution, reducing the risk of death.

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