scholarly journals Evaluation of ecto and endo parasitic fauna of Schizothorax plagiostomus inhabitants of river Swat, Khyber PakhtunKhwa, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Khalid ◽  
W. Khan ◽  
S. N. Das ◽  
A. Ahmad ◽  
S. A. Mehmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Parasitic Fauna ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
The World ◽  
Fish Collection

Abstract Fish is consumed as a rich and cheaper source of white meat and proteins all over the world. Fish farming is the leading source of income generation throughout the world. The present research study was conducted with aims to investigate the ecto and endo parasitic fauna of S. plagiostomus (snow trout) in River Swat. A total of 96 fish samples were collected on monthly basis from July-2018 to February-2019, from upper, middle and lower reaches. Fish samples were collected with the help of cast net, hand net and fishing rods. Local fishermen and experts help were also sought out for fish collection. 61 out of 96 fishes were found infected by helminth parasites. The total prevalence and intensity of 63.54% and 2.90 was observed respectively during data analysis. Highest monthly prevalence of 83.33% was recorded during July and August, while lowest prevalence of 33.33% was noted during February. Five species of helminths parasites were detected from S. plagiostomus, of which two were trematodes (Rhabdochona shizothoracis and Rhabdochona species), one species of Monogenia (Diplozoon paraddoxum), one species of Cestodes (Nippotaenia species), and one species of Acanthocephalan (Neoechynorhynchus devdevi). Highest parasite wise prevalence, intensity and relative density of 21.87%, 4.09 and 0.895 was noted for R. schizothoracis while the lowest prevalence, intensity and relative density of 4.16%, 1.25 and 0.052 was noted for N. devdevi. Highest infection of 76.08% was observed in adults host while lowest, 40% infestation rate was observed in young fish samples. 73.68% prevalence was observed in female hosts while only 56.90% prevalence was observed in male individuals. Higher infection (83.33%) was noticed during summer season, while lowest infection (44.44%) was observed during winter season. Similarly 71.79% fishes were found infected that were collected from lower reaches of the River Swat than the fish samples collected from upper reaches (52%).

scholarly journals Assessment of ecto and endo parasites of Schizothorax plagiostomus inhabiting river Panjkora, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ahmad ◽  
W. Khan ◽  
S. N. Das ◽  
W. A. Pahanwar ◽  
S. Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Infection ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Fish Parasites ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Snow Trout ◽  
Schizothorax Plagiostomus

Abstract Fish provides main source of high quality protein to more than one billion people in the world. Fish parasites directly affect the productivity of fish and indirectly on human health. This research was aimed to assess the helminth parasites in Schizothorax plagiostomus (the snow trout) from river Panjkora, KP, Pakistan. A total of 88 fish samples (n= 88) were collected from the upper, middle and lower regions of the river through cast nets, hand nets and hooks. All the collected fish samples were examined in the Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Malakand for helminth parasites during July 2018 to February 2019.Among these fishes nematodes, trematodes, cestodes and acanthocephalan were isolated and identified. Overall prevalence of the fish parasites was 60.22% (53/88). The intensity of the parasite was observed from 1.7% to 4.61%. Highest prevalence was reported in summer season 86.36% while lowest in the winter season 36.36%. This study shows that summer season affects the fish business and result in poor quality fish meat with risk of zoonotic diseases. Adults were highly infected 82.25% while no infection was found in juvenile specimens. Female fish samples had higher prevalence 68.22% than males 48.22%. Fishes of the lower reaches had highest prevalence 60.22% than the upper reaches 40.0%. Fish samples with maximum length and weight were highly 76.92% infected than small sized fish with low body weight. Present study addresses that Rhabdochona schizothoracis in the intestine and Diplozoon paradoxum in gills of snow trout fish has a long term relationship and call as a natural infection in cyprinids and it is zoonotic threat to human.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Gutting Blue Whiting (Micromesistius poutassou, Risso, 1827), in Spanish Supermarkets as an Anisakidosis Safety Measure

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 862
Author(s):  
Ana Elena Ahuir-Baraja ◽  
Lola Llobat ◽  
Maria Magdalena Garijo
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Blue Whiting ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Additional Safety

Anisakidosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease which can cause gastroallergic reactions in humans. In 2010, the European Food Safety Agency estimated that approximately 20,000 cases of anisakiasis had been reported across the world, with Spain having the highest number of infections in Europe. The blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou, Risso, 1827) is one of the most widely fished species worldwide and represents around 25% of the white fish eaten in Spain. The Spanish Food Safety Authority requires obligatory evisceration of certain fish species before commercialization, but not for blue whiting. Nevertheless, some supermarkets carry this out themselves to prevent human infections and negative customer reactions deriving from the presence of ascaridoid larvae. To assess the effectiveness of eviscerations at supermarkets, a total of 320 blue whiting specimens were examined. The risk of larval migration from the visceral cavity to the musculature in gutted and ungutted fish was also assessed. Our results showed a total prevalence (25%) of ascaridoids in fish gutted at the supermarket, and a direct relationship was found between the presence of larvae in the muscle and time until evisceration. In ungutted fish, the standard length and weight were higher for infected than for non-infected fish. Also, massive infections had a higher prevalence in these larger specimens, in which the viability of larvae was also high. Larval viability was not found to be affected by a 24-h refrigeration period. Anisakis was the most prevalent genus identified in the fish examined. The results indicate that gutting at the supermarket is not an effective method for the total removal of ascaridoid larvae and that additional safety measures are advisable.

scholarly journals Population density of helminths in ducks: effects of host’s age, sex, breed and season

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Farjana ◽  
KR Islam ◽  
MMH Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Domestic Ducks ◽  
The Mean

 A study was conducted to investigate the population density of helminth parasites in domestic ducks (Anas boschas domesticus) in relation to host's age, sex, breed and seasons of the year from March 2002 to May 2003. A total of 300 ducks were collected from different villages of Netrokona and Mymensingh districts of Bangladesh and autopsied to collect the parasites and counted to determine the population density of parasites. Off 300 ducks examined, 290 (96.66%) were infected with 17 species of helminth parasites in which 11 species were trematodes, 4 were cestodes and 2 nematodes. Among the parasites, density of cestodes was the highest (33.15±5.26), followed by trematodes (5.98±1.32); and nematodes (2.95±0.68). Mean density of parasites increased with the increase of age (young: 21.23±1.09, adult: 26.18±2.14 and old: 27.87±2.98) while the mean density of most of the helminth parasites was higher in female ducks (31.35±4.72) than in males (27.52±3.32). Indigenous ducks (33.72±3.61) were infected with the highest load of helminths than Khaki Campbell breed (29.61±4.32) of ducks. Mean density of most trematodes (5.42±0.80) were highest in winter season whereas mean density of all cestodes (48.43±4.85) and nematodes (4.13±1.76) were highest in summer.  The present study suggests that age, sex, breed of ducks and seasons of the year influence the parasitic infection to a greater extend. Key words: Population density, helminths, duck, Bangladesh DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v6i1.1338 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (1): 45-51

scholarly journals Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in Indonesia: Cases Overview and Daily Data Time Series using Naïve Forecast Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Annisa Puspa Kirana ◽  
Adhitya Bhawiyuga
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Forecast Method ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Average Case ◽  
Monthly Average ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Time Series Dataset ◽  
The World ◽  
Forecasting Analysis

At the end of December 2019, the virus emerges from Wuhan, China, and resulted in a severe outbreak in many cities in China and expanding globally, including Indonesia. Indonesia is the fourth most populated country globally. As of February 2021, Indonesia in the first rank of positive cases of COVID-19 in Southeast Asia, number 4 in Asia, and number 19 in the world. Our paper aims to provide detailed reporting and analysis of the COVID-19 case overview and forecasting that have hit Indonesia. Our time-series dataset from March 2020 to January 2021. Summary of cases studied included the number of positive cases and deaths due to COVID-19 on a daily or monthly basis. We use time series and forecasting analysis using the Naïve Forecast method.  The prediction is daily case prediction for six months starting from February 1, 2021, to June 30, 2021, using active cases daily COVID-19 data in all provinces in Indonesia. The highest monthly average case prediction is in June, which is 35,662 cases. Our COVID-19 prediction study has a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) score of 15.85%.

scholarly journals A Critical View on Pension Savings in Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-382
Author(s):  
Jana Špirková ◽  
Martin Dobrovič ◽  
Miroslava Vinczeová
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Investment Fund ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Critical View ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All

In almost all countries around the world, pension systems are based on several pillars. This is also the case of Slovakia with its three-pillar pension system. The paper presents a case study underlying the risks that can seriously affect the amount of future pensions. The case study clearly indicates that current pensions in Slovakia paid under all three pillars do not correspond with the expectations from the implementation of the three-pillar pension system. The aim of the paper is to the risks that can seriously affect the amount of future pensions. Our own contribution is the determination of the amount of pension for a specific pensioner specified in the presented case study. Within the saving phase of pension contributions the development of investment fund returns, the amount of future pensioner´s contributions, as well as administrative costs are analyzed on a monthly basis. The payout phase is modelled using actuarial functions applying the mortality tables of Slovakia.

Faunistic Note on a Collection of Helminthic Material from Palestine

1933 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
S. Gladstone Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Dead Sea ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
The South ◽  
Parasitic Fauna ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Government

In April, 1931, a collection of helminth parasites was received by the Imperial Bureau of Agricultural Parasitology from Mr. Bodkin, the Government Entomologist at Jerusalem. The specimens appear to have been collected by Native Meat Inspectors from slaughter houses, farms, etc., ranging through eleven different localities, from Hebron and Gaza, west of the Dead Sea, in the south; to Acre and Safad, north of the Sea of Galilee. The collection comprised 117 bottles of material, much of which had been rather poorly preserved. For such a large assortment of material the number of species is relatively small, as so many of the parasites were sent in duplicate. There does not appear to be any species new to science, and the following note is intended as a contribution to the zoögeography of a country whose parasitic fauna is somewhat inadequately known.

Thermal effects on the seasonal dynamics of Paradiplozoon homoion (Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1959) parasitizing roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.)

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Höglund ◽  
Jan Thulin
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Rutilus Rutilus ◽  
Artificial Lake ◽  
Roach Rutilus Rutilus ◽  
Temporal Shift ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Heated Area ◽  
Host Mortality ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACTThe prevalence and relative density of the monogenean Paradiplozoon homoion, were monitored over one year in populations of roach, Rutilus rutilus, captured in a thermally raised artificial lake located outside a nuclear power station and in a nearby reference locality. Recruitment of P. homoion started earlier in the warmer lake. A temporal shift of the life-cycle was thus observed but there were no differences between the total prevalence or the total relative density of the parasite in the two areas. Since there is no evidence of parasite-induced host mortality, or for the development of protective immunity, the main regulatory process in the heated area are most likely an increased mortality due to reduced thermal tolerance of the adult parasite.

scholarly journals Prioritising Training and People-oriented Security Education for Effective Policing in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Chibuzor Chile Nwobueze ◽  
James Okolie-Osemene ◽  
Ndu John Young
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
National Security ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
Security Education ◽  
The People ◽  
The World

Currently, Nigeria’s security sector needs effective policing considering the spate of insecurity and frustrated relationship between the citizens and the police. Consequently, some officers are seen as dishonest and agents of complicity. Unlike most parts of the world where the people love, support the police, Nigeria still records threats to police-public relations owing to the attitudes of some officers who tarnish the image of the security agency through uncivilised, inhuman and unlawful acts while on duty and beyond. With qualitative data, this paper explores how training and people-oriented security education can enhance effective policing for a more secure Nigeria. This paper argues that police effectiveness should no longer be hinged only on equipping officers for counter-terrorism or establishment of special units to eradicate organised crime, but also on training them on weekly/monthly basis to respond to rapidly emerging threats to national security and trainings on enhancing collaborative police-public relations.

Integrated fish farming: An international effort

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Fish Pond ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
International Effort ◽  
The World ◽  
Home Consumption

AbstractIn much of the developing world, the high cost of purchased feeds makes meat and milk too expensive to be consumed by the producers' own families. A fish pond integrated with livestock or crop production provides an important source of animal protein for home consumption or sale. This protein involves almost no cash costs, since the needed nutrients and energy are supplied by crop residues, green manure, livestock manure and sunlight. Conversion of manure into animal flesh is possible because the anoxic sediments support a microbial flora similar to that of the rumen. Although integrated fish farming has been practiced for thousands of years in China, it has not yet been successfully adapted to all regions for which it potentially is applicable. A program in Wuxi, China brings together students and scientists from all over the world who are working towards that goal.

scholarly journals Mycotoxin Incidence in Some Fish Products: QuEChERS Methodology and Liquid Chromatography Linear Ion Trap Tandem Mass Spectrometry Approach

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefa Tolosa ◽  
Francisco Barba ◽  
Guillermina Font ◽  
Emilia Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ion Trap ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Linear Ion Trap ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Fish Samples

The inclusion of vegetal raw materials in feed for fish farming has increased the risk of mycotoxin occurrence in feed, as well as in edible tissues from fish fed with contaminated feed, due to the carry-over to muscle portions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of 15 mycotoxins in processed fish products, which are commonly consumed, such as smoked salmon and trout, different types of sushi, and gula substitutes. A QuEChERS method was employed to perform the mycotoxin extraction from fish samples. For mycotoxin identification and quantitation, the selected technique was the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry linear ion trap (LC-MS/MS-LIT). Smoked fish and sushi samples results were negative regarding the presence of all 15 mycotoxins studied. In contrast, small amounts of fusarenon-X and enniatin B were found in gula substitute samples.

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