Pod Positions on the Plant Associated with Pod Shattering Resistance in Soybean Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Krisnawati ◽  
A. Soegianto ◽  
B. Waluyo ◽  
M.M. Adie ◽  
M.J. Mejaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Plant Stem ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Background: One of the major constraints of soybean production in Indonesia is pod shattering which occurs after soybean pod maturity. This study aimed to identify the pod shattering resistance of different pod positions in the plant stem. Methods: Sixteen genotypes were evaluated in the field research during the dry season 2019. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replicates. Ten sample plants were randomly taken after R8 phase. Plant was divided into three parts, i.e. upper part, middle part and lower part. The shattering evaluation was done using the oven-dry method in the laboratory. The observation on the number of shattered pods was measured for each part of plant stem. Result: Pod shattering was different among the pod positions as well as among genotypes. One genotype was categorized as resistant, eight genotypes were moderate, six genotypes were susceptible and one genotype was highly susceptible. The highest percentage of the shattered pods was in the lower part of the plant stem, followed by the middle and upper part, respectively. The resistant genotypes showed the shattered pods mostly in the lower part of the stem, the moderate genotypes showed the shattered pods mostly in the lower and middle part of the stem and the susceptible genotypes shattered in all part of the stem.

scholarly journals Influence of the different pod positions and screening methods on soybean pod shattering

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayda KrisnawatI ◽  
◽  
Andy Soegianto ◽  
Budi Waluyo ◽  
Mochammad Muchlish Adie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
The Tropics

Pod shattering is one of the major soybean constraints in the soybean production centers, particularly in the tropics. The screening for pod shattering resistance of 16 genotypes was carried out using detached and undetached pod methods on the three different pod positions on the stem. The field research was arranged in a randomized block design, during the dry season in Banyuwangi, Indonesia. The shattering evaluation was conducted in the laboratory using the ovendry method. The screening methods to investigate the pod shattering resistance of each genotype consisted of the detached pod (DP), undetached pod (UDP), and undetached whole-stem method (UWS). The result showed that the detached pod method (DP) resulted in a higher average podshattering percentage (15%) than the undetached pod methods (UDP and UWS, 13% and 11%, respectively). Nevertheless, the detached pod and undetached pod methods provide a consistent result for the evaluation of pod shattering resistance, showed by their correlation coefficients (DP and UDP, r = 0.98**; DP and UWS, r = 0.98**, UDP and UWS, r = 0.99**). The detached pod with the oven-dry method was suggested to be used for screening of pod shattering resistance. This method enables to screen genotypes in greater numbers, provides a homogeneous selection pressure and environmental condition. Pods at the upper part of the stem were more resistant to shattering than those pods in the middle part and lower part. The pod length, seed length, seed weight, pod wall weight to the pod weight ratio, and weight of 25 seeds appeared to be the significant indicators for pod shattering resistance. The shattering evaluation resulted in five soybean genotypes (Anj/G100H-28, Anj/G100H-44, Anj/Rjbs-304, Anj/Rjbs-30, and Detap 1) with consistent resistance to pod shattering based on the three methods. These genotypes can be used as donor parents in the breeding program for pod shattering resistance.

scholarly journals Agronomic performance and pod shattering resistance of soybean genotypes with various pod and seed colors

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayda Krisnawati ◽  
Muchlish Adie
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Abstract. Krisnawati A, Adie MM. 2021. Agronomic performance and pod shattering resistance of soybean genotypes with various pod and seed colors. Biodiversitas 22: 474-481. Climate change impacts agricultural production, including the increase of the yield loss in soybean due to pod shattering. This research aimed to identify the pod shattering resistance and agronomic performance of several soybean genotypes with various pod and seed colors. A total of 100 soybean genotypes were planted in Malang (East Java, Indonesia) during the dry season 2019. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The pod shattering resistance was assessed using the oven-dry method. The pod shattering resistance of 97 genotypes were classified into 20 very resistant genotypes, 17 resistant genotypes, 15 moderate genotypes, nine susceptible, and 36 very susceptible genotypes. The pod colors did not affect the pod shattering resistance in soybean. The new findings from this study, i.e., two very resistant genotypes (G42 and G15) which produce high yield and have medium maturity, were suggested to be developed as new cultivars, meanwhile, the other very resistant genotypes can be used in the soybean breeding program to develop shattering resistant cultivar with desirable traits.

scholarly journals Genotypes x Environments Interaction of Soybean Lines in Various Shading Environments

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
Titik Sundari ◽  
G. W. A. Susanto ◽  
Novita Nugrahaeni ◽  
. Suhartina ◽  
. Purwantoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
High Weight ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Check Variety ◽  
Land Space

Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr.) planted in land space among stands of other crops especially forest trees experience shading stress due to less sunlight penetration. The objective of the study was to identify the performance and yield stability of soybean genotypes in various shading environments. Field research was conducted in 2018 on 15 soybean genotypes consisted of 12 promising soybean lines and three check varieties (Dena 1, Dena 2, and Grobogan) in 10 shading environments (cassava, maize, orange, teak, eucalyptus, oil palm, and no shading). Randomized block design and repeated four times was used in each location. Result of the study showed that the response of the genotypes to grain yield was significantly difference in each environment or location. Stability of genotypes were grouped into 3, namely 1 genotype classified as unstable and recommended for less optimal environments, 6 genotypes (5 promising lines and 1 check variety) which were classified as stable and adaptive in 10 test locations, and 8 genotypes (6 promising lines and 2 check varieties) classified as unstable in 10 test locations. Based on seed yield and yield components average, one line (Grob/Pander-395-2) had a high average seed yield (1.84 tha-1), high seeds weight per plant (14.8 g), high weight of 100 seeds (21.6 g), and stable in 10 location (indicated by non significant both regression coefficient and regression deviation). Therefore, Grob/Pander-395-2 could be recommended for being grown in shading environments across the country.

Identification of Pod Shattering Resistance and Associations between Agronomic Characters in Soybean using Genotype by Trait Biplot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Adie ◽  
T. Sundari ◽  
A. Wijanarko ◽  
R.D. Purwaningrahayu ◽  
A. Krisnawati
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Varietal Development ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

Background: Pod shattering has become the major problem in soybean production. The research aims to identify the pod shattering resistance and to assess the agronomic performances of 50 soybean genotypes and the association among agronomic characters. Methods: The research materials were 50 soybean genotypes which consisted of 47 lines derived from routine crossing programs and three check cultivars. The field experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with two replications. The data were observed for yield and its component traits. The oven-dry method was performed in the laboratory to assess the pod shattering resistance. Result: Variation among genotypes was found in the pod shattering resistance and agronomic characters. The genotype by trait biplot graph showed that pod shattering was negatively correlated with the days to maturity and plant height, but positively correlated with the seed size. Soybean genotypes of Grob/G100H-1-588 and G100H/Mhmr-4-993 were resistant to pod shattering and have a high seed weight per plant. These genotypes were potential for further varietal development or could be used as gene sources in the soybean improvement program for pod shattering resistance.

scholarly journals Tanggap Pertumbuhan Bibit Tebu Merah (Saccharum officinarum L.) Asal Bud Set terhadap Pemangkasan dan Frekuensi Penyiraman

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
Supriadi Hartanto ◽  
Irsal ◽  
Asil Barus
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Plant Stem ◽  
Weight Pruning

This research was conducted to determine the growth of red sugarcane seedling on pruning and frequency of watering. This research was conducted in the research field of Faculty of Agriculture University of Sumatera Utara (± 25 m asl) from June-October 2017 using Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. The first factor was pruning (control, 1, and 2 months/plant) as well as the second factor was the frequency of watering (1, 3, 5, and 7 days/plants). The variable observed were plant height, a number of leaves, stem diameter, a number of the tiller, shoot wet weight, root wet weight, and shoot-root ratio. The results showed that the frequency of watering treatment had a significant effect on the number of a leaf (4,6,8,10 and 12 weeks after plant), stem diameter (4,6,8,10 and 12 weeks after plant), shoot wet weight, and root wet weight. Pruning treatment had no significant effect on all variables observed. The interaction of both has no significant effect on all variables observed.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pupuk Organik dan Anorganik terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica rapa. L)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
ARJUNA YOHANNES SIMANULLANG ◽  
NI LUH KARTINI ◽  
ANAK AGUNG ISTRI KESUMADEWI
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers

The Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on The Growth and Results of Green Mustard (Brassica rapa L.). Green mustard (Brassica rapa L.) is a vegetable that preferred by many consumers, this causes many farmers cultivate this vegetables. One of the important factor in the cultivation of green mustard is fertilizer type. Alternative to improve soil quality and fertility is by providing organic matter. A field research was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of green mustard, in Banjar Taman Tande, Baturiti Village, Bedugul from April to June 2018. This study was designed with a Randomized Block Design with nested patterns consisting of two factors. The first factor was the type of fertilizer, which was consisted of four types of organic fertilizer, namely: vermicompost, cow manure, chicken manure, goat manure and inorganic fertilizers (NPK Mutiara). The second factor was fertilizer dosage, which was consisted of three levels, namely: 0 tons/ha, 15 tons/ha, and 30 tons/ha, while for NPK Mutiara fertilizer dosages, namely: 0 kg/ha, 150 kg/ha, and 300 kg/ha.The results showed that the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers were not significantly different on the growth and yield of green mustard plants and RAE values. The total N content of soil on vermicompost treatment was 0.23% equal to NPK Mutiara. The total population of soil microbes on vermicompost treatment under dosage of 15 tons/ha and 30 tons/ha were 1.4 x 106 cfu/g that was much higher compared to NPK Mutiara 150 kg/ha fertilizer (0.3 x 106 cfu/g).

scholarly journals Action of auxin inhibitors on growth and grain yield of soybean

Revista CERES ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gederson Luiz Buzzello ◽  
Michelangelo Muzell Trezzi ◽  
José Abramo Marchese ◽  
Elouize Xavier ◽  
Edemir Miotto Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Soybean Plants

Soybean genotypes grown in sub-tropical climate may exhibit lodging. The plant lodging is influenced by soil type and fertility level, sowing date, latitude and altitude of the location, plant population and conditions of crop development. Plant regulators and herbicides are able to avoid or reduce plant lodging. This study aimed to verify the effects of the growth regulators TIBA and daminozide on vegetative growth and yield of soybean cultivar CD 214 RR. The experiment was carried out at a field in randomized block design with four replications in a factorial scheme. The A factor was represented by the combination of regulators TIBA and daminozide and its concentrations, and the Factor B was seven times of evaluation of injury and plant height or eight times of evaluation of lodging. In the range of doses used, the application of daminozide resulted in greater injury to soybean plants than TIBA. The smaller plant height was achieved by the application of 6 g ha-1 of TIBA and 1200 g ha-¹ of daminozide. Treatments with daminozide (100 g ha-¹) and TIBA (10 g ha-1) stood out due to the reduced lodging of soybean plants. Grain weight increased linearly when the levels of TIBA increased. There was a negative correlation between lodging and grain yield and a positive correlation between plant height and lodging. There was also a negative correlation between injury caused by the application of plant regulators and lodging.

scholarly journals INTEGRATED BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY TO CONTROL MUNGBEAN PESTS AND DISEASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Marida Santi Yudha Ika Bayu ◽  
Yusmani Prayogo ◽  
Gatut Wahyu Anggoro Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Biological Technology ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

The main constraints to increase mungbean production in Indonesia are pests and diseases. The application of integrated biological agents can improve the efficacy of controlling the mungbean pests and diseases. The study aimed to determine the efficacy of integrated biological agents to suppress mungbean pests and diseases. This field research was conducted from May to July 2018 using a randomized block design with seven treatments and four replicates. The treatments were: T1 = Trichol + NSP, T2 = Trichol + SlNPV, T3 = Trichol + NSP + SlNPV, T4 = Trichol + NSP + SlNPV + BeBas, T5 = Trichol + NSP + SlNPV + BeBas + GE, T6 = chemical pesticides, and T7 = control. The results showed that the highest efficacy occurred in T4 and T5 treatments which saved the yield loss from major pests and diseases attack, and did not differ significantly with chemical pesticides (T6). Treatments T4 was able to reduce the development of soil borne diseases by 3% and suppress Spodoptera litura attack by 9.8% as compared to chemical treatment. T4 was also more efficient than T5 because it uses less biological agents. The advantage of biological agents is compatible if they were used together with predators such as Oxyopes sp., Paederus sp. and Coccinella sp; and also Telenomus sp. and Trichogramma sp. parasitoids. On the other hand, the chemical pesticides (T6) killed all existing natural enemies. Therefore, T4 could be recommended for controlling mungbean pests and diseases.

scholarly journals The Effect of N in Organic + Inorganic Liquid Fertilizer on the Activity Ability and Antioxidant Properties of Tea Shoots (Camellia sinensis L. O. Kuntze) in the Rainy and Dry Season

Agrologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakarias Frans Mores Hukom
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Different Seasons

Antioxidant is a term related to the activity ability and properties of the active ingredient.  The higher the ability of the antioxidant activity of an active ingredient, the stronger its antioxidant properties are to ward off various free radical compounds due to oxidative stress. The activity ability and antioxidant properties of tea shoots often fluctuate with changing seasons.  This study investigated the effect giving nitrogen levels in organic + inorganic liquid fertilizers on the ability of activity and antioxidant properties of tea shoots in different seasons. The experimental design used was a over season complete randomized block design consisting of 5 levels of fertilization concentration in the rainy and dry seasons. The results showed that the application of organic + inorganic liquid fertilizers without the addition of N concentration in the dry season had a significant effect on the antioxidant activity of tea shoots by 88.14%, and 34.15% higher than control plants in the rainy season and 41.81% more. Height of control plants in the dry season. The IC50 value of tea shoots in the rainy season and dry season has very strong antioxidant properties where the order of the antioxidant properties of the control plants < all concentrations of adding N to organic + inorganic liquid fertilizers < concentration of organic + inorganic liquid fertilizers without the addition of N.Keywords: Ability Antioxidant Activity, Organic + Inorganic Liquid Fertilizer, Tea shoots, Antioxidant Properties.

scholarly journals Selection of F6 soybean population for pod shattering resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayda Krisnawati ◽  
ANDY SOEGIANTO ◽  
BUDI WALUYO ◽  
KUSWANTO
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Simultaneous Selection ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Krisnawati A, Soegianto A, Waluyo B, Kuswanto. 2019. Selection of F6 soybean population for pod shattering resistance. Biodiversitas 20: 3340-3346. Pod shattering is one of the major soybean constraints in Indonesia. This research aimed to evaluate the resistance of soybean F6 population to pod shattering and characterize the selected lines for their agronomic performances. The materials used were 147 F6 lines derived from six crossing combinations. The check varieties consisted of Dega 1, Detap 1, and Anjasmoro. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with two replications. At R8 stage, thirty pods were randomly detached from five sample plants of each line to be used for evaluation of pod shattering resistance using an oven-dry method. The variability of pod shattering was showed after the treatment of 60°C oven temperature. The shattering resistance of 147 F6 lines was classified into 52 highly resistant, 49 resistant, two moderately resistant, ten susceptible, and 34 highly susceptible lines. The pod-shattering resistant lines could be used for further improvement in the breeding program. Anjasmoro variety was effective to be used as gene source for shattering resistant. Simultaneous selection based on yield (30% selection intensity) and shattering resistance selected six lines which have early maturity and large seed size, hence they could be further evaluated in several locations in the next breeding stage.

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