scholarly journals SANITARY EVALUATION OF SOIL COVER OF THE SAINT PETERSBURG STATE UNIVERSITY CAMPUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Abakumov ◽  
T. A. Pavlova ◽  
N. V. Dinkelaker ◽  
A. E. Lemyakina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
State University ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Maximum Allowable Concentrations

The aim of the study. To assess the contamination of the soil cover of the St. Petersburg State University campus. To accomplish the goal, tasks are set concerning the determination of the content of heavy metals in selected soil samples and their comparison with the available regulatory documents, estimates of the basal respiration of the soil and humus content. Materials and methods. In 2016-2017 there were executed investigations on the study of the state of soils on the campus of the St. Petersburg State University. Studies were carried out in the Vasileostrovsky and Petrodvorets districts of the city of St. Petersburg. 39 soil samples were taken from a depth of 0-30 cm. The content values of heavy metals (Pb, As, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, V) and arsenic (As) were determined and compared with the available Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC) adopted in Russia. The biological activity of soil samples and the humus content were also investigated. Results. Analysis of heavy metals in soils and their comparison with available MPCs are given for soil samples from two campus areas of the St. Petersburg State University. Discussion. The investigation of soil samples of two different territories made it possible to identify the features of soil contamination with heavy metals and arsenic and to compare these areas with each other. The predominant majority of samples are characterized by exceeding the MAC limit for arsenic, zinc, nickel, chromium. To clarify the estimation of the levels of total contamination of soils, Zc, also Zst(g) were used in these calculations. Zst(g) takes into account the geometric mean of the concentration coefficients of elements and the toxicity of heavy elements Conclusion. Samples of soils selected in the Vasileostrovsky district are characterized by a higher pollution category in terms of Zc and Zst(g) than the soils of the Petrodvorets district. For all soil samples, the value of soil pollution index is more than 1, which characterizes the soils as contaminated. The indices of the microbiological activity are similar in the soils of the two investigated areas; the humus content is characterized as an average also in both campus areas.

scholarly journals Studying the state of soils in the territory of the Shetpe South chalk deposit

2019 ◽  
pp. 135-146
Author(s):  
Aynazhan M. Aitimova ◽  
Gusman Zh. Kenzhetayev ◽  
Vladimir N. Permyakov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The State ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Pollution Indicator ◽  
Maximum Allowable Concentrations

Investigations were carried out to study the state of the soil in the territory of the Shetpe South chalk deposit and in the area of the Caspian Cement plant in October 2018. 20 soil samples were taken. Samples were taken from a depth of 0–20 cm. The presence of heavy metals in the soil was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry using AAC MGA-915M (Lumex, Russia), their content was compared with background values and with existing maximum allowable concentrations. The total soil pollution indicator or ZC , using the background, was used to study the state of the soil. The indicators of the soil pollution index were calculated to improve the diagnostic performance of the study area. The calculation of the total soil pollution indicator showed that the value of ZC for all sites was from 3,58 to 5,26 units. The soils are characterized as non-hazardous (ZC < 16), and the assessment of the condition of the soil is biased due to taking into account only heavy metals with KC < 1. The soil pollution index calculations showed that the majority of soil samples at sites PP-1, PP-2 and PP-3 have indicators of soil pollution index > 1, which characterizes the soil as "polluted". At site PP-4 (control) the soil pollution index is 0,74, the soils are "clean". Statistical processing in the environment Statistica 10 showed that the Kruskal — Wallis criterion is statistically significant only for Ni and As (p < 0,05) for soil samples at site PP-2 (at the site of transportation of chalk and dumps). Maps were performed using satellite imagery and using of Google Maps, Mapinfo Professionalv. 12.

scholarly journals Urban soil assessment caused by heavy metals contamination in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 851 (1) ◽  
pp. 012026
Author(s):  
A T Sekarningsih ◽  
W Budianta ◽  
I W Warmada ◽  
H Hinode
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
City Center ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Heavy Metals Contamination ◽  
The City ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Yogyakarta City

Abstract The effect of urbanization and industrialization in the urban city is soil contamination by heavy metals. This study was conducted to assess Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd, in the soil of Yogyakarta city and its surrounding, Indonesia. The assessment was done by analyzing 45 surface soil samples in the study area, divided into three-zone. They are divided based on the distance of each zone to the center of the city. The zone III is located in the outermost of the study area, and zone I is inside the city. The results of the study showed that generally, the highest concentration of metals was located in zone I, which is located near or directly situated in a city center. The result indicated that Pb and Cd had the highest pollution index compared to Cu and Zn. The pollition load indeks (PLI) and geoaccumulation indeks (Igeo) calculations in the whole study area showed that the values demonstrated a moderate class in average. Special attention was needed to be given to the zone I, which has a higher PLI and Igeo index to reduce the source of emission for Pb and Cd.

Assessment of Heavy Metals Distribution in Soil Cover of Industry-Urban Area of Krasnoyarsk

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
E.Ya. Muchkina ◽  
S.E. Badmaeva ◽  
I.S. Korotchenko ◽  
K.S. Gorlushkina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Functional Specialization ◽  
Urbanized Area ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Urban Territories ◽  
Maximum Acceptable Concentration

The results of analysis of heave metals concentration in soil and subsoil of large urbanized area are presented. The dates of observation from 2014 to 2016 are presented. The 108 soil samples from 12 monitoring areas were analyzed. The distribution of mobile forms of heavy metals in the soil cover within Krasnoyarsk city are considered. The rate of soil pollution was studied. It was discovered soil pollution with Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cd, Co exceeds maximum acceptable concentration (MAC). Geochemical associations of heavy metals for functional specialization areas were established. The indices of accumulation of heavy metals can be used to the monitoring to urban territories.

scholarly journals Monitoring of technogenic soil pollution in manufacture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.E. Gubasheva ◽  
M.A. Khassenova ◽  
E.K. Akkereyeva
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
West Kazakhstan ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
The City

The growth of production zones in the city of Aksai in the West Kazakhstan region leads to contamination of the soil cover, which, in turn, causes a chain reaction of pollution. Due to soil contamination, soil moisture and the underground surface are polluted. As a result, the processes in the soil change, the vital activity of plants, animals and microorganisms are disrupted. The article presents data on the study of changes in soil cover under the influence of human activity. The results of the conducted studies on the determination of the humus content and pH level, the content of heavy metals in technogenically disturbed soils in the adjacent territory of the natural gas processing enterprise are presented. The obtained data on the gross content and mobile forms of heavy metals indicates that the maximum permissible concentration level for these pollutants is not exceeded.

scholarly journals Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil of Lagos State University, Epe, Lagos State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
L. Salami ◽  
J. G. Akinbomi ◽  
R. J. Patinvoh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
State University ◽  
Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Lagos State

Soil contaminated with heavy metals poses an ecological risk especially to public health. The aim of this work is to assess the ecological risk of heavy metals in soil of Lagos State University (LASU), Epe, Lagos State, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from 8 different points in LASU which were stored in various polythene bags labeled SS1 – SS8. A control sample was taken 1 km away from LASU and was labeled SC9. All the sampling locations were identified using handheld Global Positioning System (GPS) for the purpose of universal identification. The soil samples were analysed for nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and Iron (Fe) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Enrichment factor (EF), potential ecological risk (Ei) and ecological risk index (RI) were carried out using the data from the analysis. The results revealed that all the EF values were less than 2 except that of lead in SS1. The Ei values were less than 40 except that of lead in SS1. Moreover RI values of all the soil samples investigated were less than 150. It was obvious from this work that the soil of LASU, Epe, Lagos State, were not enriched with heavy metals and have a low potential ecological risk.

GEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE MODERN ZINC CONTENT IN THE SOIL COVER OF THE URBANIZED TERRITORIES OF THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
SINTSOV ALEXANDER V. ◽  
◽  
BARMIN ALEXANDER N. ◽  
ZIMOVETS PETR A. ◽  
VALOV MICHAIL V. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urbanized Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Anthropogenic and technogenic processes in the urban environment significantly change the chemical composition of the soil cover. One of such processes influencing the state of the urban soil is the process of soil cover pollution with heavy metals. Heavy metals are biochemically active and highly toxic; they are found in various components of the natural environment, as well as in systems of anthropogenic and technogenic origin. They have the property of accumulation in the body of living beings and have a negative effect on their condition. This group of chemical elements includes lead, zinc, chromium, mercury, copper, iron and other metals. Exceeding the permissible concentration of heavy metals in the soil of an urbanized area and their toxic effects pose a significant danger to humans. Contamination of the soil cover of an urbanized area with heavy metals is associated with the impact of a large number of sources of anthropogenic and technogenic origin, namely, energy and industrial facilities, city infrastructure support systems, zones of construction activities and storage of materials or waste. One of the main highly toxic chemical pollutants of the soil cover of the urbanized territory belonging to the group of heavy metals is zinc «Zincum-Zn». The article describes the results of a 2020 study of the current zinc content in the soil cover of the city of Astrakhan. The relevance of the work lies in the geochemical analysis of the content of heavy metals in the soil of the city of Astrakhan. The aim of the work was to study the modern process of soil contamination of the city of Astrakhan with zinc. The work was based on the task of determining the degree of exceeding the hygienic standards of the maximum permissible concentration of zinc in soil samples. Methods of geographical and ecological research were used in the work, soil samples were collected, followed by determination of the concentration of a substance in each of the soil samples in a certified laboratory. In the course of the work, the indicators of exceeding the maximum permissible concentration of zinc in the soil of the city of Astrakhan were determined and the presumptive sources of pollution were identified.

scholarly journals Distributional Coefficients and Enrichment Studies of Potentially Toxic Heavy Metals in Soils Around Itakpe Iron-Ore Mine, North Central Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Eneojo Godwin Ameh ◽  
Mofoloronsho Samuel Kolawole ◽  
Sunday Ojochogwu Idakwo ◽  
Caroline Ojone Ameh ◽  
Ebo GabrielImeokparia
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Environmental Indices ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Very High

Soil samples were collected randomly but uniformly distributed around Itakpe iron-ore mines in both dry and wet seasons. Surface soils were collected from 0cm to 10cm using stainless steel augers and located using Global Positioning System (GPS). Soil samples were air-dried, sieved through 500um mesh and 1.0g digested, evaporated and analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS).Five (5) geo-environmental indices were used to quantitatively evaluate the degree of soil contamination due to iron ore mining. The anthropogenic factor (AF) for both seasons revealed that all heavy metals have greater than 50% AF except for Cd in the dry season. The geo accumulation index (Igeo) for both seasons showed background concentration to unpolluted for Cu and Zn while Fe, Ni, Cdand Pb recorded moderately to very highly polluted. The pollution index (Eri), showed tiny hazard level for all the heavy metals in dry season and in wet season, Cd and Ni recorded strong hazard level while tiny hazard level were observed for Cu and Pb. The ecological pollution index for the area is strong (RI=323.25). Dry and wet season enrichment factor (EF) revealed background concentration for all the heavy metals except Fe with EF> 40 (extremely high enrichment). While contamination factor (CF) was very high for Fe in both seasons, Cu and Ni recorded considerable to very high contamination in dry season. The wet season also revealed considerable contamination for Ni and Cd; moderate to considerable contamination for Cu, Zn and Pb. The sites in both seasons have experienced various degrees of deterioration but more significant in wet season. Based on these indices, the soils around Itakpe iron-ore area has suffered significant degrees of contaminations with respect to Fe, Ni, Cd and Pb.

scholarly journals ВМІСТ ВАЖКИХ МЕТАЛІВ У КОРМАХ, ОРГАНІЗМІ ТВАРИН ТА ПРОДУКЦІЇ ТВАРИННИЦТВА В АГРОЕКОЛОГІЧНИХ УМОВАХ ЗАКАРПАТТЯ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(71)) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Sachko ◽  
Ja.V. Lesyk ◽  
I.V. Luchka ◽  
I.V. Nevostruyeva
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Physiological Values ◽  
Maximum Allowable Concentrations ◽  
Biochemical Condition ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

We studied the content of Cadmium, Lead, Strontium and Nickel in the biological systems: environment – feed – animal – livestock products in agroecological conditions of Zacarpathian region. It is noted that the content of Cadmium and Strontium in soil samples taken from commercial land PAL «Lastochka», Uzhgorod district, Zacarpathian region did not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations, whereas the levels of Lead and Nickel were higher. The content of investigated elements in water used for watering cows in farm was 0.02–1.02 mg/l and did not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations which is up to veterinary and sanitary requirements. It is known from the literary sources that there is interdependency between the heavy metals level in soil and their accumulation in farming cultures. The obtained results of the study of heavy metals in feed (hay, straw, wheat, mixed fodder) harvested on the farm did not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations of studied elements in feed rations for animals. It is known that heavy metals in fodder transform in animal organism and have influence on the intensity of metabolic processes, physiological and biochemical condition and animal productivity. Concentrations of the elements in cows’ whole blood and hair were within physiological values. Absolute content of Cadmium, Lead, Strontium and Nickel in the milk of studied cows were under 0.014; 0.02; 0.15 and 0.2 mg/kg, respectively and did not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations.The analysis of coefficient of correlation between the heavy metals content in biological systems: environment – feed – animal – livestock products revealed the strong correlation between the heavy metals content in soil and water, in straw and mixed fodder, in blood, hair and milk, and the poorly expressed correlation between their content in catena: water – straw – blood – milk. 

scholarly journals Ecological and geochemical features of the soils of different functional zones of Novokuybyshevsk

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Alexandr Igorevich Startzev ◽  
Nataliya Vladimirovna Prokhorova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
Anthropogenic Soil ◽  
Motor Component ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
The City

This paper deals with the problem of anthropogenic soil pollution of cities with oil production on the example of Novokuybyshevsk, Samara Region. To assess the modern ecological-geochemical state of soil cover in Novokuybyshevsk in August 2016 the field study was carried out and soil samples for laboratory analysis were selected. The study was carried out on 8 test areas, 7 of which were in different functional zones of the city, significantly differing in environmental conditions. The sample site was in a green area 10 km from the city. Soil samples were collected according to the methods generally accepted in soil science and Geochemistry. The quantitative content of oil products and heavy metals (Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Mn) in soil samples was determined in a specialized laboratory by certified procedures on the equipment, timely verified and calibrated. The data analysis revealed significant anthropogenic transformation of the soil cover in Novokuybyshevsk, which was enriched with petroleum and heavy metals. It also shaped the conditions that increased the migration of heavy metals in soils and their availability to biota. The soils of the city are characterized by relatively even distribution and high content of Zn and Cu. On the contrary, the Mn content is characterized by a rather low rate, which is especially evident for the soil sample area. The accumulation of Zn, Pb and petroleum products in the soils of the city is connected with the influence of the industrial zone. The motor component involves the contamination of soil by Ni, Zn, Si, Cd and petroleum products. No functional area in Novokuybyshevsk contains high levels of Pb concentrations, the content of which exceeded the MPC only in the industrial area. This fact can be associated with the ban of tetraethyl use in gasoline production in Russia in 2002. The obtained results can be used for environmental monitoring of the urban environment and predict changes of ecological-geochemical situation in Novokuybyshevsk in the future.

scholarly journals Source Identification, Ecological Risk and Spatial Analysis of Heavy Metals Contamination in Agricultural Soils of Tanjaro Area, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Hayder Issa ◽  
Azad Alshatteri
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Ecological Risk Index

The current work accomplished a comprehensive evaluation of heavy metals pollution in soil of agricultural areas from Tanjaro sub-district, Sulaimaniyah province, Kurdistan Region, NE Iraq. Ninety soil samples were collected from thirty different locations. Concentrations of 16 heavy metals were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry ICP-OES. The pollution index (PI), potential ecological risk index (Er), enrichment factor (EF), and ecological risk index (RI) were used to assess the pollution in soil samples. High levels of Li and Ni, and moderate Ba, Cd, Hg, and Pb according to the results of concentration analysis, pollution index (PI), and potential ecological risk (ERI). High levels of Cd and Hg according to the results of Er. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) and principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that heavy metals were generated from different natural and anthropogenic sources like natural weathering, fertilizer application, and transportation. Origins of Hg, Cd, Ni, and Pb are probably from activities like overuse of pesticides and fertilizers, whereas Pb could be exhausted from vehicle exhausts as well. Furthermore, spatial distributions revealed nonpoint source pollution for the studied heavy metals. The obtained results help in the remediation techniques of contaminated soils such as dilution with decontaminated soil or extraction or separation of heavy metals.

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