scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF LACTOBACTERIA STRAINS, HAVING DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE IN GYNECOLOGICAL PRACTICE

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
A. P. Godovalov ◽  
T. Yu. Danielyan ◽  
T. I. Karpunina
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

Nowadays, in the presence of wide diagnostic possibilities, laboratory diagnostics of microecological disorders of vaginal biotope are often limited to clinical data, microscopic examination results and the use of a culture method. However, with such a complex it is impossible to get an answer about the functional activity of microorganisms. The aim of investigation was to evaluate the information content of a combined study of growth parameters and the ability to produce lactic acid by clinical strains of Lactobacillus spp. to characterize the state of the microecology of the cervical-vaginal biotope. Materials and methods. Studied the growth kinetics of strains of lactobacilli isolated from the detachable posterior vaginal fornix. The concentration of lactic acid in the medium was determined using the “Lactic Acid - Olvex” kit (Russia). Samples were taken every 12 hours of cultivation. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using the methods of descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test. Results. It has been shown that 44% of Lactobacillus spp. to 72 hours of cultivation did not reach the phase of exponential growth. The remaining strains from 12-24 hours passed into the phase of exponential growth. In the production of lactic acid, the strains that are in the lag-phase did not differ from each other, since they practically did not synthesize this metabolite. Among the remaining strains that are in the phase of exponential growth, some did not produce lactic acid, others increased their lactate production every hour. Part of the strains reached the peak of acid production by 36 hours and by 72 hours some decrease in synthetic activity was observed. Conclusion. It has been shown that for most vaginal strains of Lactobacillus spp. characteristic variability of the duration of the adaptation period and the level of functional activity. In addition, only a small number of clinical strains produced lactic acid 24 hours after the start of cultivation. Therefore, to adequately assess the microecological status of the vaginal biotope, microscopic examination of both native material and cultures isolated on special nutrient media is not enough. It seems that, along with the use of modern methods of genetic analysis, the determination of in vitro growth characteristics, primarily lag-phase duration, and lactate production by lactic acid bacteria strains can clarify many issues related to the formation of dysbiotic states, in particular, in the vaginal biotope, and will also serve to increase the effectiveness of the prescribed treatment.

On the Microbiological Profile of Traditional Portuguese Sourdough

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1416-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. MIGUEL ROCHA ◽  
F. XAVIER MALCATA
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Geographic Locations ◽  
Microbiological Profile ◽  
Enterococcus Casseliflavus ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

Traditional manufacture of bread from maize has been noted to play important roles from both economic and social standpoints; however, enforcement of increasingly strict hygiene standards requires thorough knowledge of the adventitious microbiota of the departing dough. To this goal, sourdough as well as maize and rye flours from several geographic locations and in two different periods within the agricultural year were assayed for their microbiota in sequential steps of quantification and identification. More than 400 strains were isolated and taxonomic differentiation between them was via Biomerieux API galleries (375 of which were successfully identified) following preliminary biochemical and morphological screening. The dominant groups were yeasts and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The most frequently isolated yeasts were Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida pelliculosa. The most frequently isolated LAB were (heterofermentative) Leuconostoc spp. and (homo-fermentative) Lactobacillus spp.; L. brevis, L. curvatus, and L. lactis ssp. lactis were the dominant species for the Lactobacillus genera; Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis for lactococci; Enterococcus casseliflavus, E. durans, and E. faecium for enterococci; and Streptococcus constellantus and S. equinus for streptococci.

scholarly journals PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF FECES FROM HORSES FED DIETS CONTAINING CITRUS PULP

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-533
Author(s):  
Roberta Ariboni Brandi ◽  
Adriana Moraes de Oliveira Tribucci ◽  
Júlio César de Carvalho Balieiro ◽  
Ricardo Luiz Moro de Souza ◽  
Alfredo Manuel Franco Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Microbiological Laboratory ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Ph ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diets containing increasing levels of citrus pulp on the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of horses feces. Five mares, at an average age of 3.5 years old and body weight of 492 ± 44.5 kg were arranged in a 5 x 5 Latin Square. The experimental diet consisted of 60% coast-cross hay and 40 % of concentrate with increasing levels of citrus pulp (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 %). To determine the fecal pH, samples were collected directly from the floor, immediately after defecation, in the first feces of the day at 07:00 a.m., and color and fecal consistency were evaluated. For microbiological analysis, an aliquot was reserved in plastic bags, frozen, and sent to the microbiological laboratory for further analysis. Lactic acid bacteria were counted for Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. from fecal samples under anaerobic conditions. The diet produced differences (P<0.05) in feces consistency: 98% of the animals had normal and firm stools, while 2% were loose ruminant-type feces. We observed no difference (P<0.05) for color, verifying 100% of the animals of greenish feces, normal for equines. There was no effect (P>0.05) on pH and on the number of Lactobacillus spp. and Streptococcus spp. The inclusion of up to 28% citrus pulp concentrates for horses did not promote change in the physicochemical characteristics and on the population of lactic acid-producing bacteria in feces.

Validation and Analysis of Modeled Predictions of Growth of Bacillus cereus Spores in Boiled Rice

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANA M. McELROY ◽  
LEE-ANN JAYKUS ◽  
PEGGY M. FOEGEDING
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Exponential Growth Rate ◽  
Phase Duration ◽  
Margin Of Safety ◽  
Fail Safe

The growth of psychrotrophic Bacillus cereus 404 from spores in boiled rice was examined experimentally at 15, 20, and 30°C. Using the Gompertz function, observed growth was modeled, and these kinetic values were compared with kinetic values for the growth of mesophilic vegetative cells as predicted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Pathogen Modeling Program, version 5.1. An analysis of variance indicated no statistically significant difference between observed and predicted values. A graphical comparison of kinetic values demonstrated that modeled predictions were “fail safe” for generation time and exponential growth rate at all temperatures. The model also was fail safe for lag-phase duration at 20 and 30°C but not at l5°C. Bias factors of 0.55, 0.82, and 1.82 for generation time, lag-phase duration, and exponential growth rate, respectively, indicated that the model generally was fail safe and hence provided a margin of safety in its growth predictions. Accuracy factors of 1.82, 1.60, and 1.82 for generation time, lag-phase duration, and exponential growth rate, respectively, quantitatively demonstrated the degree of difference between predicted and observed values. Although the Pathogen Modeling Program produced reasonably accurate predictions of the growth of psychrotrophic B. cereus from spores in boiled rice, the margin of safety provided by the model may be more conservative than desired for some applications. It is recommended that if microbial growth modeling is to be applied to any food safety or processing situation, it is best to validate the model before use. Once experimental data are gathered, graphical and quantitative methods of analysis can be useful tools for evaluating specific trends in model prediction and identifying important deviations between predicted and observed data.

scholarly journals Brucella abortusinduces a Warburg shift in host metabolism that is linked to enhanced intracellular survival of the pathogen

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Czyż ◽  
Jonathan Willett ◽  
Sean Crosson
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Human Macrophage ◽  
Metabolic Shift ◽  
Intracellular Infections ◽  
Host Metabolism

ABSTRACTIntracellular bacterial pathogens exploit host cell resources to replicate and survive inside the host. Targeting these host systems is one promising approach to developing novel antimicrobials to treat intracellular infections. We show that human macrophage-like cells infected withBrucella abortusundergo a metabolic shift characterized by attenuated tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism, reduced amino acid consumption, altered mitochondrial localization, and increased lactate production. This shift to an aerobic glycolytic state resembles the Warburg effect, a change in energy production that is well-described in cancer cells, and also occurs in activated inflammatory cells.B. abortusefficiently uses lactic acid as its sole carbon and energy source and requires the ability to metabolize lactate for normal survival in human macrophage-like cells. We demonstrate that chemical inhibitors of host glycolysis and lactate production do not affectin vitrogrowth ofB. abortusin axenic culture, but decrease its survival in the intracellular niche. Our data support a model in which infection shifts host metabolism to a Warburg-like state, andB. abortususes this change in metabolism to promote intracellular survival. Pharmacological perturbation of these features of host cell metabolism may be a useful strategy to inhibit infection by intracellular pathogens.IMPORTANCEBrucellaspp. are intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause disease in a range of mammals, including livestock. Transmission from livestock to humans is common and can lead to chronic human disease. Human macrophage-like cells infected withBrucella abortusundergo a Warburg-like metabolic shift to an aerobic glycolytic state where the host cells produce lactic acid and have reduced amino acid catabolism. We provide evidence that the pathogen can exploit this change in host metabolism to support growth and survival in the intracellular niche. Drugs that inhibit this shift in host cell metabolism inhibit intracellular replication and decrease the survival ofB. abortusin anin vitroinfection model; these drugs may be broadly useful therapeutics for intracellular infections.

Analysis of the lag phase to exponential growth transition by incorporating inoculum characteristics

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Verhulst ◽  
A.M. Cappuyns ◽  
E. Van Derlinden ◽  
K. Bernaerts ◽  
J.F. Van Impe
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Lag Phase

scholarly journals Lactic Acid Downregulates Viral MicroRNA To Promote Epstein-Barr Virus-Immortalized B Lymphoblastic Cell Adhesion and Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Mo ◽  
Fang Wei ◽  
Yin Tong ◽  
Ling Ding ◽  
Qing Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Viral Microrna ◽  
Epstein Barr

ABSTRACT High plasma lactate is associated with poor prognosis of many malignancies, but its role in virally mediated cancer progression and underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the first human oncogenic virus, causes several cancers, including B-cell lymphoma. Here, we report that lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) expression and lactate production are elevated in EBV-immortalized B lymphoblastic cells, and lactic acid (LA; acidic lactate) at low concentration triggers EBV-infected B-cell adhesion, morphological changes, and proliferation in vitro and in vivo . Moreover, LA-induced responses of EBV-infected B cells uniquely occurs in viral latency type III, and it is dramatically associated with the inhibition of global viral microRNAs, particularly the miR-BHRF1 cluster, and the high expression of SMAD3 , JUN , and COL1A genes. The introduction of miR-BHRF1-1 blocks the LA-induced effects of EBV-infected B cells. Thus, this may be a novel mechanism to explain EBV-immortalized B lymphoblastic cell malignancy in an LA microenvironment. IMPORTANCE The tumor microenvironment is complicated, and lactate, which is created by cell metabolism, contributes to an acidic microenvironment that facilitates cancer progression. However, how LA operates in virus-associated cancers is unclear. Thus, we studied how EBV (the first tumor virus identified in humans; it is associated with many cancers) upregulates the expression of LDH-A and lactate production in B lymphoma cells. Elevated LA induces adhesion and the growth of EBV-infected B cells by inhibiting viral microRNA transcription. Thus, we offer a novel understanding of how EBV utilizes an acidic microenvironment to promote cancer development.

scholarly journals Food additives reduce lactic acid bacterial growth in culture medium and in meat products, increasing product shelf life

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3681
Author(s):  
Cleonice Mendes Pereira Sarmento ◽  
Eliane Colla ◽  
Cristiane Canan ◽  
Francieli Dalcanton ◽  
Gláucia Maria Falcão de Aragão
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Sodium Lactate ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Pork Sausages

The uncontrolled growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in meat and meat products leads to product spoilage, and thus shortens product shelf life. Although food additives are known to decrease LAB growth, this effect has not been analyzed in detail. Here, a detailed analysis was performed of the effects of sodium chloride, sodium polyphosphate, sodium lactate, sodium nitrite/nitrate, and garlic on the growth of the Lactobacillus plantarum in culture medium. The results were used to design and test experimental formulations of meat products. Initially, the effect of food additives on L. plantarum was evaluated using a Fractional Factorial Design (FFD), followed by a Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD). The Modified Gompertz Model was adjusted to the growth curves to determine the Kinetic parameters of bacterial growth (logarithmic increase in the population, specific growth rate, and lag phase extension). Higher sodium lactate and sodium chloride levels had a negative impact on L. plantarum growth parameters (p?0.05). Therefore, we designed experimental formulations of mortadella and smoked pork sausages containing 4% sodium lactate (w w-1) and 2.4-3.5% sodium chloride (w w-1), and determined LAB growth from samples of stored products produced according to these formulations, in order to determine product shelf life. There was an increased lag phase of LAB growth for most experimental formulations. Also, the experimental smoked pork sausages had a longer shelf life, which was increased by at least 22 days, suggesting that the proposed formulation, with higher than standard lactate concentration, increased the product’s shelf life.

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