scholarly journals Self-management in older adults with chronic illness: Do illness representations play a regulatory role?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Salah Aberkane
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Illness Representations ◽  
Regulatory Model ◽  
Illness Coherence

Background. A greater number of older adults now live with chronic illness. This poses a significant public health problem, because older adults are at high risk for chronic illness -related mortality and morbidity. Methods. In the project on older adult self care in chronic illness, we administered nine subscales (Illness Consequences, Illness Coherence, Illness Timeline—Cyclical, Personal Control, Treatment Control, Illness Representations, Illness Identity, and Causal Attributions) of the Illness Perception Questionnaire— Revised (IPQ-R). Multivariable linear regression analyses explored the associations between illness perception, wellness-focused coping, and illness-focused coping as measured by CPCI42. Results. Among the 76 respondents (39.47% women; mean age, 64.53±6.93 years), in multivariable regression models, either illness perception variables or coping strategies variables were associated with chronic illness. Higher scores on causal attributions were associated with coping strategies chosen scores. Higher scores on the causal attributions (β = 0.63), Illness Coherence (β = -0.50), illness representations(β = 0.66) and Personal Control scales(β = -0.53) were associated with several scores of coping strategies chosen by chronically ill older persons. Conclusion. Older adults with chronic illness report a high understanding of their disease, feel that chronic illness has significant illness representations consequences, and endorse both illness coherence and personal control over their coping strategies. Illness perceptions did not vary with increased age or worsening disease severity, suggesting that illness perceptions may develop during aging. The self-regulatory model may provide a useful guide for the development of effective interventions tailored to older adults.  Keywords: Chronic Illness; Coping Strategies; Illness Perceptions; Older Adults; Self-Regulatory Model  

scholarly journals Depression and Its Relationship with Coping Strategies and Illness Perceptions during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Greece: A Cross-Sectional Survey of the Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Skapinakis ◽  
Stefanos Bellos ◽  
Achilleas Oikonomou ◽  
Georgios Dimitriadis ◽  
Paschalis Gkikas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Brief Cope

Objective. The COVID-19 epidemic has shown a more benign course in Greece possibly due to the early lockdown measures. Mental health consequences of the lockdown however are unknown. In addition, illness perceptions and relevant strategies to cope with the stress of the epidemic may have played a role in complying with the restrictions. We conducted a survey of the Greek population with the aim to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression during the lockdown, the emotional impact of the epidemic, and the effect of coping strategies and illness perceptions in mental health. Methods. Adult persons were invited during the peak of the lockdown period through social media. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed with the PHQ-9 and GAD-2 scales, respectively. Coping strategies were assessed with selected items of the Brief COPE questionnaire, while illness beliefs were assessed with items from the revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R). Results. A total of 3379 individuals took part. A strong emotional impact of the epidemic was more often in women and in those with severe financial difficulties. Levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms were high but similar to past assessments. Participants showed high levels of personal control and used more often positive strategies to cope with the stress of the epidemic. Depressive symptoms were higher in the younger, in students, in those with a stronger emotional impact, in those isolated due to symptoms, and those overexposed to media for COVID-19-related news. Lower levels of depression were seen in those using positive coping strategies and showing high levels of personal and treatment control. Conclusions. The study shows that certain psychological and social determinants were associated with increased depressive symptoms during the lockdown warranting the development of public health guidelines to mitigate the effects of the epidemic to the mental health of the population.

scholarly journals The psychometric properties of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) regarding Internet gaming disorder in a general population of Chinese adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 654-663
Author(s):  
Joseph T. F. Lau ◽  
Le Dang ◽  
Ray Y. H. Cheung ◽  
Meng Xuan Zhang ◽  
Juliet Honglei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Illness Perception Questionnaire ◽  
Emotional Representations ◽  
Illness Coherence

AbstractBackground and aimsInternet gaming disorder (IGD) has been recognized as a mental illness. Cognitive and emotional illness representations affect coping and health outcomes. Very little is known about such perceptions related to IGD, in both general and diseased populations. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) for IGD in a general population that included mostly non-cases while a small proportion of the sample was IGD cases.MethodsAn anonymous cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted in a random sample of 1,501 Chinese community-dwelling adults (41.3% male; mean age = 40.42, SD = 16.85) in Macao, China.ResultsThe confirmatory factor analysis identified a modified 6-factor model (i.e., timeline cyclical, consequences, personal control, treatment control, illness coherence, and emotional representations) of 26 items that showed satisfactory model fit and internal consistency. Criterion-related validity was supported by the constructs' significant correlations with stigma (positive correlations: timeline cyclical, consequence, emotional representations; negative correlations: illness coherence). Ever-gamers, compared to never-gamers, reported higher mean scores in the subscales of personal control and illness coherence, and lower mean scores in time cyclical, consequence, and emotional representations. Among the sampled gamers, probable IGD cases were more likely than non-IGD cases to perceive IGD as cyclical and involved more negative emotions.ConclusionsThis study shows that the revised 26-item version of IPQ-R is a valid instrument for assessing illness representation regarding IGD in a general population of Chinese adults. It can be used in future research that examines factors of incidence and prevention related to IGD.

scholarly journals Illness Perceptions in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Testing Leventhal’s Self-regulatory Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 839-848
Author(s):  
Travis D Westbrook ◽  
Eleshia J Morrison ◽  
Kami J Maddocks ◽  
Farrukh T Awan ◽  
Jeffrey A Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Prior Treatment ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Regulatory Model

Abstract Background Leventhal’s Self-regulatory Model proposes that somatic characteristics of a health threat (e.g., symptom severity), and prior experience with the threat (e.g., unsuccessful treatment), are determinants of illness perceptions. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is appropriate for test of these postulates, having three phases differing in symptom severity and prior treatment experiences: indolent disease requiring no treatment (active surveillance; AS), symptomatic disease requiring a first treatment (FT), and highly symptomatic disease in those who have relapsed and/or failed to respond to prior treatments (relapsed/refractory; RR). Purpose To test symptom severity and prior treatment experiences as determinants of illness perceptions, illness perceptions were characterized and contrasted between CLL groups. Methods Three hundred and thirty CLL patients (AS, n = 100; FT, n = 78; RR, n = 152) provided illness perception data on one occasion during a surveillance visit (AS) or prior to beginning treatment (FT, RR). Results Analysis of variance with planned comparisons revealed that consequences, identity, and concern were least favorable among RR patients, followed by FT, then AS (ps < .01). AS patients endorsed the lowest levels of coherence (ps < .01), and the most chronic illness timeline (ps < .01). FT patients endorsed the highest levels of personal and treatment control (ps < .01). Conclusions Data provide preliminary empirical support for Self-regulatory Model postulates that symptom severity and prior disease experiences influence illness perceptions. Unique knowledge needs for AS patients and elevated psychological/physical symptoms for later-stage CLL patients may warrant clinical attention.

scholarly journals Illness perception and coping among women living with breast cancer in Ghana: an exploratory qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e033019
Author(s):  
Nuworza Kugbey ◽  
Kwaku Oppong Asante ◽  
Anna Meyer-Weitz
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Factual Knowledge ◽  
Psychosocial Needs ◽  
And Coping

ObjectiveIllness perception has been shown to have significant influence on the well-being and coping strategies of persons living with chronic medical conditions. Understanding of how women living with breast cancer cognitively and emotionally represent their illness and coping strategies used is likely to help in designing focused psychosocial interventions aimed at improving their health and well-being. This study explored the illness perceptions and coping strategies among women receiving care for breast cancer.DesignA qualitative phenomenological study (using semi-structured in-depth interviews).SettingOncology department of a tertiary hospital in Ghana.ParticipantsEleven women receiving breast cancer treatment were purposively sampled and in-depth individual interviews were conducted with questions based on illness perception and coping literature.ResultsIn terms of illness perceptions, it emerged that most of the participants lacked adequate factual knowledge about breast cancer and perceived causes but believed in the curability of their illness through medical treatments and the help of God. Spirituality, social support and diversion coping were the key resources for coping among the participants.ConclusionBreast cancer patients lacked adequate factual knowledge of breast cancer and their perception about the causes of breast cancer is rooted in biopsycho-spiritual model of illness. The reliance on spirituality and social support as the main coping strategies suggests the need for psychosocial interventions tailored to the spiritual and psychosocial needs of the patients.

Perceptions of memory problems are more important in predicting distress in older adults with subjective memory complaints than coping strategies

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1334-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine S. Hurt ◽  
Alistair Burns ◽  
Christine Barrowclough
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Subjective Memory Complaints ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Common Sense Model ◽  
Memory Complaints ◽  
Memory Problems ◽  
And Coping

ABSTRACTBackground: There is a high prevalence of subjective memory complaints (SMCs) amongst older adults, many of whom experience significant distress. It remains unclear why some older adults with SMCs experience more distress than others. The Common Sense Model of Illness Perceptions has been used to explain patients’ differential response to illness based on the beliefs they hold about their illness and subsequent selection of coping strategies. The present study aimed to examine the role of perceptions and coping styles in predicting anxiety and depression in older adults with SMCs.Methods: 98 participants with SMCs completed the Illness Perception Questionnaire for Memory Problems (IPQ-M), Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the contribution of illness perceptions and coping to the explanation of variance in depression and anxiety.Results: Perceptions of SMCs were found to predict both depression and anxiety while coping strategies did not. Perceptions of serious consequences of SMCs and causal attributions predicted greater depression, while attribution of memory problems to lack of blood to the brain was the only predictor of increased anxiety.Conclusions: Illness perceptions predicted depression and anxiety in older adults with SMCs. Contrary to the Common-Sense Model coping style was not found to be an important determinant of psychological distress. The findings provide a basis for developing interventions to reduce psychological distress in older adults with subjective memory complaints. Targeting causal attributions and perceived consequences of SMCs may help to improve well-being.

scholarly journals AB0744 HOW JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS PATIENTS PERCEIVE THEIR ILLNESS?

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1400.3-1401
Author(s):  
K. Maatallah ◽  
M. Yasmine ◽  
H. Ferjani ◽  
W. Triki ◽  
D. Ben Ncib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Rheumatoid Factor ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Control Item ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Child Age

Background:Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) represents the most common inflammatory rheumatism of childhood. Because of a prolonged course of active disease, many patients experience physical and psychosocial limitations. Illness perceptions involve the personal beliefs that patients have about their illness and may influence health behaviors considerably.Objectives:The present study aimed to investigate the illness perception of patients with JIA.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study including children with JIA (according to the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR)). We recorded sociodemographic data and the subtype of the JIA. To assess a child’s perception of how arthritis affects their life, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ) was completed by the parent (child age ≤10 years) or by the child (age ≥11 years). The Brief IPQ is a nine-item questionnaire rated using a 0-to10 response scale that assesses cognitive illness representations: consequences (Item 1), timeline (Item 2), personal control (Item 3), treatment control (Item 4), and identity (Item 5). Two of the items assess emotional representations: concern (Item 6) and emotions (Item 8). One item assesses illness comprehensibility (Item 7).Results:The study included 22 patients. The mean age was 15 ± 7 years [4-35], and the mean age at diagnosis was 9 ±3 years [3-14]. There was a female predominance (sex ratio= 2.1). The frequency of each JIA subset was at follows: polyarticular with rheumatoid factor (n= 1), polyarticular without rheumatoid factor (n=3), systemic (n= 2), enthesitis-related arthritis (n=9), oligoarthritis (n= 7), undifferentiated (n=1). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were prescribed in 72% of cases, and Cs-DMARDs in 59% of patients. The most-reported causal factor in their illness was a history of traumatism (22%). Perceiving symptoms (identity) were significantly related to being affected by the disease (emotional response) (p= 0.01). Conversely, patients who had personal and treatment control expressed less emotional response (r = −0.7, r=-0.2 respectively). Moreover, those who were concerned about the disease perceived more the consequences of their illness (p=0.09) and understood it more (p=0.029). We also noted significant correlations between personal control and treatment control (p = 0.033). A positive correlation was found between identity as well as consequences and timeline (p=0.011, p=0.024), showing that the perception of chronicity was associated with pain and the burden of the disease.Conclusion:Our study highlighted the importance of assessing illness perception in JIA patients. Patient education programs should be implemented since diagnosis for better disease management.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Characterizing Illness Perception Phenotypes in Older Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 779-779
Author(s):  
Eleanor Rivera ◽  
Karen Hirschman ◽  
Raymond Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
Patient Activation ◽  
Personality Type ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Disease Knowledge

Abstract An individual’s understanding of their chronic illness (illness perception) is a psychological resource that has an impact on coping and self-management behaviors. Our previous study identified illness perception phenotypes (overall patterns of illness perceptions) in a sample of older adults with heart failure, COPD, and chronic kidney disease. These phenotypes were associated with perceived self-management ability (patient activation) and recent hospitalizations. To further characterize the illness perception phenotypes we focused on older adults with chronic kidney disease, analyzing illness perception data along with potential covariates from the multi-center longitudinal Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study (CRIC). Covariates include sociodemographics, disease parameters, personality type, disease knowledge, and treatment adherence. While personality type was associated with illness perception phenotype, disease knowledge and treatment adherence were not. We have also conducted qualitative analyses of in-depth interviews. These results will inform the development of a pilot intervention incorporating illness perception information into the clinical setting.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of a nurse-led illness perception intervention in COPD patients: a cluster randomised trial in primary care

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 00115-2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saskia W.M. Weldam ◽  
Marieke J. Schuurmans ◽  
Pieter Zanen ◽  
Monique J.W.M. Heijmans ◽  
Alfred P.E. Sachs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Cluster Randomised ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Improve Health

The new COPD-GRIP (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – Guidance, Research on Illness Perception) intervention translates evidence regarding illness perceptions and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) into a nurse intervention to guide COPD patients and to improve health outcomes. It describes how to assess and discuss illness perceptions in a structured way. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the intervention in primary care.A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted within 30 general practices and five home-care centres, including 204 COPD patients. 103 patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 101 patients to the usual-care group. To assess differences, repeated multilevel linear mixed modelling analyses were used. Primary outcome was change in health status on the Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ) at 9 months. Secondary outcomes were HRQoL, daily activities, health education impact and changes in illness perceptions.There was no significant difference between the groups in the CCQ at 9 months. We found a significant increase in health-directed behaviour at 6 weeks (p=0.024) and in personal control (p=0.005) at 9 months in favour of the intervention group.The COPD-GRIP intervention, practised by nurses, did not improve health status in COPD patients in primary care. However, the intervention has benefits in improving the ability to control the disease and health-related behaviours in the short term. Therefore, taking illness perceptions into account when stimulating healthy behaviours in COPD patients should be considered. Further study on influencing the health status and HRQoL is needed.

Adherence to glaucoma medication, illness perceptions, and beliefs about glaucoma: Attitudinal perspectives among Turkish population

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212090168
Author(s):  
Soner Guven ◽  
Mehmet Talay Koylu ◽  
Tarkan Mumcuoglu
Keyword(s):  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Patient Attitudes ◽  
Glaucoma Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Glaucoma Treatment

Purpose: To evaluate the topical glaucoma eye drops adherence prevalence and its association with beliefs and illness perceptions about glaucoma in Turkey. We also aimed to explore the factors linked to patients’ total, voluntary, and involuntary non-adherence to medication in different patient attitudes. Material and Methods: A prospective study with cross-sectional design which included a total of 317 glaucoma patients who completed questionnaires. We assessed the adherence to medication, illness perceptions, and the beliefs about the glaucoma treatment by the “Reported Adherence to Medication scale,” “the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire,” and “the Beliefs about Medicine-Specific Questionnaire,” respectively. According to the RAM scale, voluntary and involuntary non-adherence scores were also distinguished. Different adherence categories in RAM scale were compared with perception and belief measures. Patient attitudes were assessed from the BMQ. We also performed attitudinal type comparisons with different adherence groups. Results: The full adherence prevelance to glaucoma medication was 40%. The proportion of voluntary and involuntary non-adherence was 26% and 57%, respectively. The adherence groups were similar in terms of belief measures but statistically different according to illness perceptions (consequences (p = 0.002), timeline (p = 0.008), personal control (p = 0.001), identity (p = 0.019), concerns (p = 0.003)), and attitude types (ambivalent (p = 0.030) and accepting (p = 0.029)). Conclusion: New strategies are required to improve patient adherence to glaucoma medication in Turkey. The beliefs about the glaucoma treatment and illness perceptions are also needed to be enhanced.

Change and Impact of Illness Perceptions among Patients with Non-cardiac Chest Pain or Benign Palpitations Following Three Sessions of CBT

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egil Jonsbu ◽  
Egil W. Martinsen ◽  
Gunnar Morken ◽  
Torbjørn Moum ◽  
Toril Dammen
Keyword(s):  
Chest Pain ◽  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Background: Many patients with non-cardiac chest pain or benign palpitations have poor prognosis in terms of symptom persistence, limitations in everyday activities, and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Aims: The aims of the study were to evaluate the changes and impact of illness perceptions during a three-session cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) intervention for patients with non-cardiac chest pain or benign palpitations. Method: Patients with persistent complaints 6 months after a negative cardiac evaluation were invited to participate in a randomized controlled trial. Patients in the intervention group (n = 21) received three manualized sessions with CBT, including one physical activity exposure session; the control group (n = 19) received usual care from their general practitioner. Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ) was used to measure illness perceptions. Patients were assessed at start and end of the intervention and at 3- and 12-month follow-up. Results: The intervention and control group differed significantly on five of the eight items of BIPQ at least at one follow-up assessment. At end of treatment and at 3-month follow-up change in illness concern (Item 6 in BIPQ) mediated about 40% of the change in depression from baseline, and at 12-month follow-up about 50% of the change in depression was mediated by change in personal control (Item 3 in BIPQ). Conclusion: Illness perceptions measured with BIPQ may mediate the short and long term treatment effects of a three-session CBT-programme for patients with non-cardiac chest pain and benign palpitations.

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