Representing Climate Data Visually: Inquiry-based Lessons about Climate Science and Climate Change for K-12 Students Using Local, Online Climate Data for Spatial and Graphical Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Lawrence Rudd
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
K 12

scholarly journals Big Data and Climate Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Hassani ◽  
Xu Huang ◽  
Emmanuel Silva
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Data Intensive ◽  
Big Data Applications

Climate science as a data-intensive subject has overwhelmingly affected by the era of big data and relevant technological revolutions. The big successes of big data analytics in diverse areas over the past decade have also prompted the expectation of big data and its efficacy on the big problem—climate change. As an emerging topic, climate change has been at the forefront of the big climate data analytics implementations and exhaustive research have been carried out covering a variety of topics. This paper aims to present an outlook of big data in climate change studies over the recent years by investigating and summarising the current status of big data applications in climate change related studies. It is also expected to serve as a one-stop reference directory for researchers and stakeholders with an overview of this trending subject at a glance, which can be useful in guiding future research and improvements in the exploitation of big climate data.

scholarly journals Mapping the climate: guidance on appropriate techniques to map climate variables and their uncertainty

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1875-1906 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Kaye ◽  
A. Hartley ◽  
D. Hemming
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Mapping Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Other Information

Abstract. Maps are a crucial asset in communicating climate science to a diverse audience, and there is a wealth of software available to analyse and visualise climate information. However, this availability makes it easy to create poor maps as users often lack an underlying cartographic knowledge. Furthermore, communicating and visualising uncertainties in climate data and climate change projections, using for example ensemble based approaches, presents additional challenges for mapping that require careful consideration. This paper assesses a range of techniques for mapping uncertainties, comparing "intrinsic" approaches that use colour in much the same way as conventional thematic maps, and "extrinsic" approaches that incorporate additional geometry such as points or features. We proposes that, unlike traditional cartography, where many known standards allow maps to be interpreted easily, there is no standard mapping approach used to represent uncertainty (in climate or other information). Consequently, a wide range of techniques have been applied for this purpose, and users may spend unnecessary time trying to understand the mapping approach rather than interpreting the information presented. We use cartographic knowledge and lessons learned from mapping other information to propose a suitable mapping technique that represents both magnitude and uncertainty in climate data. This technique adjusts the hue of a small palette of colours to show the mean or median of a climate variable, and the saturation of the colour to illustrate a measure of uncertainty. It is designed to be easy to replicate, visible to colour blind people and intuitive to understand. This technique may be utilised to map a wide range of climate data, and it is proposed that it would provide a consistent approach suitable for mapping information for the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR5).

The Climate Information platform: A climate science basis for climate adaptation and mitigation activities in developing countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frida Gyllensvärd ◽  
Christiana Photiadou ◽  
Berit Arheimer ◽  
Lorna Little ◽  
Elin Sjökvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Climate Indicators ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Scientific Framework

<p>The World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) are collaborating on a project providing expert services for enhancing the climate science basis of GCF-funded activities. The goal is to ensure that the causal links between climate and climate impacts, and between climate action and societal benefits, are fully grounded in the best available climate data and science.  Five pilot countries are participating in this phase of the project: St Lucia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Cape Verde, Cambodia, and Paraguay, with an audience of national experts, international stakeholders, and policy and decision makers.</p><p>The scientific framework which we follow here is a compendium of available data, methods and tools for analysing and documenting the past, present and potential future climate conditions which a GCF-funded project or adaptation plan might seek to address. Through the WMO-GCF-SMHI project, the methodology, scientific framework, data, methods and tools to link global to local data are complemented by hands-on support, backed by access to relevant data and tools through a structured access platform.</p><p>In this presentation we elaborate on the lessons learnt from a number of workshops that were designed for the five pilot countries. The main focus of the workshops was a hands-on opportunity of national experts and international stakeholders to work with the WMO methodology in order to develop a GCF proposal for future funding. The participants in each country worked intensively during a five-day workshop on each step of the methodology: Problem definition, Identification of climate science basis, Interpretation of data analysis, selection of best adaptation/mitigation options, and assessment of adaptation/mitigation effectiveness.</p><p>Assessing past and current climate and climate projections is the basis for inferring real and potential climate change and related impacts. For this, SMHI has developed a new interactive online platform/service (https://climateinformation.org/) to facilitate the communication between the GCF and developing countries and provide access to state of the art climate data to be used in impact assessment planning. The new service provides data for robust climate analysis to underpin decision-making when planning measures for climate adaptation or mitigation. Readily available climate indicators will help defining future problems, assess climatic stressors, and analyse current and future risks. This makes a climate case, which is the basis for developing interventions and propose investments. In particular the service provides:</p><ul><li>Easy access to many climate indicators, based on state-of-the-art climate science.</li> <li>Instant summary reports of climate change for any site on the globe.</li> <li>Guidance on how to link global changes to local observations.</li> </ul>

scholarly journals Integrating e-infrastructures for remote climate data processing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Pagé ◽  
Wim Som de Cerff ◽  
Maarten Plieger ◽  
Alessandro Spinuso ◽  
Iraklis Klampanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
End Users ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Front End ◽  
Science Domain ◽  
Almost All

<p>Accessing and processing large climate data has nowadays become a particularly challenging task for end users, due to the rapidly increasing volumes being produced and made available. Access to climate data is crucial for sustaining research and performing climate change impact assessments. These activities have strong societal impact as climate change affects and requires that almost all economic and social sectors need adapting.</p><p>The whole climate data archive is expected to reach a volume of 30 PB in 2020 and up to 2000 PB in 2024 (estimated), evolving from 0.03 PB (30 TB) in 2007 and 2 PB in 2014. Data processing and analysis must now take place remotely for the users: users typically have to rely on heterogeneous infrastructures and services between the data and their physical location. Developers of Research Infrastructures have to provide services to those users, hence having to define standards and generic services to fulfil those requirements.</p><p>It will be shown how the DARE eScience Platform (http://project-dare.eu) will help developers to develop needed services more quickly and transparently for a large range of scientific researchers. The platform is designed for efficient and traceable development of complex experiments and domain-specific services. Most importantly, the DARE Platform integrates the following e-infrastructure services: the climate IS-ENES (https://is.enes.org) Research Infrastructure front-end climate4impact (C4I: https://climate4impact.eu), the EUDAT CDI (https://www.eudat.eu/eudat-collaborative-data-infrastructure-cdi) B2DROP Service, as well as the ESGF (https://esgf.llnl.gov). The DARE Platform itself can be deployed by research communities on local, public or commercial clouds, thanks to its containerized architecture.</p><p>More specifically, two distinct Use Cases for the climate science domain will be presented. The first will show how an open source software to compute climate indices and indicators (icclim: https://github.com/cerfacs-globc/icclim) is leveraged using the DARE Platform to enable users to build their own workflows. The second Use Case will demonstrate how more complex tools, such as an extra-tropical and tropical cyclone tracking software (https://github.com/cerfacs-globc/cyclone_tracking), can be easily made available to end users by infrastructure and front-end software developers.</p>

scholarly journals The ESA Climate Change Initiative: Satellite Data Records for Essential Climate Variables

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 1541-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hollmann ◽  
C. J. Merchant ◽  
R. Saunders ◽  
C. Downy ◽  
M. Buchwitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Modeling ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Change Initiative ◽  
System Perspective ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Over 40 Years

Observations of Earth from space have been made for over 40 years and have contributed to advances in many aspects of climate science. However, attempts to exploit this wealth of data are often hampered by a lack of homogeneity and continuity and by insufficient understanding of the products and their uncertainties. There is, therefore, a need to reassess and reprocess satellite datasets to maximize their usefulness for climate science. The European Space Agency has responded to this need by establishing the Climate Change Initiative (CCI). The CCI will create new climate data records for (currently) 13 essential climate variables (ECVs) and make these open and easily accessible to all. Each ECV project works closely with users to produce time series from the available satellite observations relevant to users' needs. A climate modeling users' group provides a climate system perspective and a forum to bring the data and modeling communities together. This paper presents the CCI program. It outlines its benefit and presents approaches and challenges for each ECV project, covering clouds, aerosols, ozone, greenhouse gases, sea surface temperature, ocean color, sea level, sea ice, land cover, fire, glaciers, soil moisture, and ice sheets. It also discusses how the CCI approach may contribute to defining and shaping future developments in Earth observation for climate science.

scholarly journals Application of SWAT in Hydrological Simulation of Complex Mountainous River Basin (Part II: Climate Change Impact Assessment)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1548
Author(s):  
Suresh Marahatta ◽  
Deepak Aryal ◽  
Laxmi Prasad Devkota ◽  
Utsav Bhattarai ◽  
Dibesh Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mountainous River

This study aims at analysing the impact of climate change (CC) on the river hydrology of a complex mountainous river basin—the Budhigandaki River Basin (BRB)—using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model that was calibrated and validated in Part I of this research. A relatively new approach of selecting global climate models (GCMs) for each of the two selected RCPs, 4.5 (stabilization scenario) and 8.5 (high emission scenario), representing four extreme cases (warm-wet, cold-wet, warm-dry, and cold-dry conditions), was applied. Future climate data was bias corrected using a quantile mapping method. The bias-corrected GCM data were forced into the SWAT model one at a time to simulate the future flows of BRB for three 30-year time windows: Immediate Future (2021–2050), Mid Future (2046–2075), and Far Future (2070–2099). The projected flows were compared with the corresponding monthly, seasonal, annual, and fractional differences of extreme flows of the simulated baseline period (1983–2012). The results showed that future long-term average annual flows are expected to increase in all climatic conditions for both RCPs compared to the baseline. The range of predicted changes in future monthly, seasonal, and annual flows shows high uncertainty. The comparative frequency analysis of the annual one-day-maximum and -minimum flows shows increased high flows and decreased low flows in the future. These results imply the necessity for design modifications in hydraulic structures as well as the preference of storage over run-of-river water resources development projects in the study basin from the perspective of climate resilience.

scholarly journals Flood Risk and Adaptation Strategies for Soybean Production Systems on the Flood-Prone Pampas under Climate Change

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1187
Author(s):  
Wouter Julius Smolenaars ◽  
Spyridon Paparrizos ◽  
Saskia Werners ◽  
Fulco Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Drying Trend ◽  
Sowing Season

In recent decades, multiple flood events have had a devastating impact on soybean production in Argentina. Recent advances suggest that the frequency and intensity of destructive flood events on the Argentinian Pampas will increase under pressure from climate change. This paper provides bottom-up insight into the flood risk for soybean production systems under climate change and the suitability of adaptation strategies in two of the most flood-prone areas of the Pampas region. The flood risk perceptions of soybean producers were explored through interviews, translated into climatic indicators and then studied using a multi-model climate data analysis. Soybean producers perceived the present flood risk for rural accessibility to be of the highest concern, especially during the harvest and sowing seasons when heavy machinery needs to reach soybean lots. An analysis of climatic change projections found a rising trend in annual and harvest precipitation and a slight drying trend during the sowing season. This indicates that the flood risk for harvest accessibility may increase under climate change. Several adaptation strategies were identified that can systemically address flood risks, but these require collaborative action and cannot be undertaken by individual producers. The results suggest that if cooperative adaptation efforts are not made in the short term, the continued increase in flood risk may force soybean producers in the case study locations to shift away from soybean towards more robust land uses.

Science communication and mediatised environmental conflict: A cautionary tale

2021 ◽  
pp. 096366252098513
Author(s):  
Claire Konkes ◽  
Kerrie Foxwell-Norton
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Environmental Conflict ◽  
Cautionary Tale ◽  
James Cook ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Tenured Position

When Australian physicist, Peter Ridd, lost his tenured position with James Cook University, he was called a ‘whistleblower’, ‘contrarian academic’ and ‘hero of climate science denial’. In this article, we examine the events surrounding his dismissal to better understand the role of science communication in organised climate change scepticism. We discuss the sophistry of his complaint to locate where and through what processes science communication becomes political communication. We argue that the prominence of scientists and scientific knowledge in debates about climate change locates science, as a social sphere or fifth pillar in Hutchins and Lester’s theory of mediatised environmental conflict. In doing so, we provide a model to better understand how science communication can be deployed during politicised debates.

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