Associations Between Women’s Experiences of Sexual Violence and Forgiveness

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1041-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Meghan Davidson ◽  
Nicole M. Lozano ◽  
Brian P. Cole ◽  
Sarah J. Gervais
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
College Women ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Construct ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
Undergraduate Women ◽  
Self Forgiveness ◽  
Forgiveness Of Others

The purpose of this study was to examine forgiveness and sexual violence among college women. Undergraduate women (N = 503) completed an online survey assessing experiences of sexual violence and forgiveness. Simultaneous multivariate regressions revealed that experiencing more sexual violence was associated with more revenge and avoidance, and less benevolence. Furthermore, findings indicated that more experiences of sexual violence were negatively associated with forgiveness of self, forgiveness of others, and forgiveness of uncontrollable situations. This work begins to fill critical gaps in the extant literature because it is the only study to date that examines sexual violence and the positive psychological construct of forgiveness. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals The Use of Drinking and Sexual Assault Protective Behavioral Strategies: Associations With Sexual Victimization and Revictimization Among College Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. Neilson ◽  
Amanda K. Gilmore ◽  
Hanna T. Pinsky ◽  
Molly E. Shepard ◽  
Melissa A. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
College Women ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Campus Sexual Assault ◽  
Protective Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Undergraduate Women ◽  
College Sexual Assault

Despite consistent high rates of campus sexual assault, little research has examined effective strategies to decrease sexual assault victimization. Sexual assault and drinking protective behavioral strategies (PBS) may be important means of reducing sexual assault victimization risk on college campuses but need further examination. The current study examined the relationship among sexual assault in childhood, before college, and since college to evaluate the mitigating roles of both sexual assault PBS and drinking PBS on sexual assault victimization. Participants ( n = 620) were undergraduate women, 18 to 20 years old. The current study was a cross-sectional online survey assessing participants’ sexual assault PBS and sexual assault history. Sexual assault history was positively associated with future sexual assault experiences. Pre-college sexual assault was associated with increased since-college sexual assault and increased drinks per week. Since-college adolescent/adult sexual assault was associated with less use of sexual assault PBS. These findings suggest that PBS may have an important role in sexual assault victimization and future research should examine their usefulness in risk reduction programs for college women.

Violence Against International Students: A Critical Gap in the Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J. Bonistall Postel
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
International Student ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
International Graduate Students ◽  
Student Body ◽  
Extant Literature ◽  
International Graduate

Despite the growing trend on college campuses to increase their international student body, this population is largely left out of research due to the complexity they bring to the research process compared to their domestic counterparts. This is particularly true for the existing research on campus sexual violence; thus, there is no research-based indication that international students, let alone international graduate students, would face victimization risks on campus in the same way the extant literature identifies for domestic undergraduates. The existing research on international students indicates that their experiences are different than their domestic counterparts, and the sparse literature on graduate students indicates their experiences are different from their undergraduate counterparts. A specific focus on the intersection of these two identities, international graduate students, is almost completely absent from the literature. This research review highlights key research that provides foundational knowledge for the experience of international students and international graduate students with regard to their vulnerability to sexual violence. The author organizes the extant literature into three major areas that inform the overarching research topic: (1) international student experiences, (2) victimization, and (3) campus culture. Basic findings indicate that there are limitations in extrapolating previous research findings on campus sexual violence to this population, calling for a need to focus specifically and intentionally on this population of students. The objective of this article is to review the current state of knowledge about the risk and vulnerability of international students to sexual violence and victimization and to address the directions for future research.

Stereotype Threat and Career Goals Among Women in STEM: Mediating and Moderating Roles of Perfectionism

2019 ◽  
pp. 089484531988465
Author(s):  
Chaihua Lin ◽  
Eric D. Deemer
Keyword(s):  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Career Goals ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Undergraduate Women ◽  
Mediating Mechanisms ◽  
And Mathematics

This study examines how the interplay between individual and contextual factors contributes to the academic and career outcomes of female science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) students. Hypotheses regarding the indirect influence of stereotype threat on STEM career goals were assessed. Data were collected from 323 undergraduate women students in STEM disciplines through an online survey. Using structural equation modeling, results revealed that (a) perfectionism mediated the relationship between stereotype threat and self-efficacy, and (b) stereotype threat was distally associated with career goals through the mediating mechanisms of perfectionism, self-efficacy, and interest. In an alternative model, perfectionism was also not found to moderate the indirect association between stereotype threat and interest. Recommendations for future research and implications for practice are presented.

Factors Influencing Academic Success Among African American College Women: The Impact of African American Acculturation and Religiosity

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica J. Johnson ◽  
Amy L. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
African American Women ◽  
College Women ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
College Success ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

African Americans are historically an underresearched, underrepresented, and underserved population. Furthermore, academic success research has primarily focused on White students, thus creating questions as to the appropriateness of generalizing results to students of color. This study explored factors that influence academic success in African American college women, specifically examining the impact of African American acculturation and religiosity. A total of 129 self-identified Black/African American college women completed an online survey assessing level of acculturation, religious commitment, and academic college success as determined by GPA and a college student academic success inventory. Simple regression analysis revealed that the relationship between acculturation and GPA was found to be statistically indiscernible, as was the relationship between GPA and religiosity. Significant relationships were found between the independent variables, African American acculturation and religiosity, and certain domains of the success inventory utilized in this study. The results of this study add to the current and contradictory research involving factors that influence African American women college success. This study provides suggestions for future research on this topic.

scholarly journals Dispositional self-forgiveness, guilt- and shame-proneness, and the roles of motivational tendencies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Behavior ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Shame Proneness ◽  
Self Forgiveness ◽  
Guilt Proneness

We investigated relationships between dispositional guilt-proneness, shame-proneness, and self-forgiveness. Drawing on motivational frameworks, we theorized that shame-proneness should be wholly problematic for self-forgiveness, whereas some aspects of guilt-proneness may be adaptive. Consistent with this framework, across both community (n = 502) and college (n = 153) samples, guilt-proneness was positively associated with trait self-forgiveness, whereas shame-proneness was negatively associated. Models decomposing guilt- and shame- proneness further supported our framework, with key results replicating across samples. For guilt-proneness, a tendency to make negative behavior evaluations predicted self-forgiveness, but only indirectly via motivational tendencies. For shame-proneness, a tendency to make negative self-evaluations predicted decreased self- forgiveness largely directly. Together, results frame guilt-proneness as potentially beneficial for self-forgiveness, but only to the extent that its motivational characteristics are activated; shame-proneness was broadly negatively related to self-forgiveness. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.

Current Postvention Research and Priorities for the Future

Crisis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Andriessen ◽  
Dolores Angela Castelli Dransart ◽  
Julie Cerel ◽  
Myfanwy Maple
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Intercultural Collaboration ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Suicide Bereavement ◽  
Ethical Approval

Abstract. Background: Suicide can have a lasting impact on the social life as well as the physical and mental health of the bereaved. Targeted research is needed to better understand the nature of suicide bereavement and the effectiveness of support. Aims: To take stock of ongoing studies, and to inquire about future research priorities regarding suicide bereavement and postvention. Method: In March 2015, an online survey was widely disseminated in the suicidology community. Results: The questionnaire was accessed 77 times, and 22 records were included in the analysis. The respondents provided valuable information regarding current research projects and recommendations for the future. Limitations: Bearing in mind the modest number of replies, all from respondents in Westernized countries, it is not known how representative the findings are. Conclusion: The survey generated three strategies for future postvention research: increase intercultural collaboration, increase theory-driven research, and build bonds between research and practice. Future surveys should include experiences with obtaining research grants and ethical approval for postvention studies.

Feeling Threatened by Immigrants: The Role of Ideology and Subjective Societal Status

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bollwerk ◽  
Bernd Schlipphak ◽  
Joscha Stecker ◽  
Jens Hellmann ◽  
Gerald Echterhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Social Dominance Orientation ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Threat Perceptions ◽  
Contextual Determinants ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts ◽  
And Gender

Threat perceptions towards immigrants continue to gain importance in the context of growing international migration. To reduce associated intergroup conflicts, it is crucial to understand the personal and contextual determinants of perceived threat. In a large online survey study (N = 1,184), we investigated the effects of ideology (i.e., Right-Wing Authoritarianism and Social Dominance Orientation), subjective societal status (SSS) and their interaction effects in predicting symbolic and realistic threat perceptions towards Middle Eastern immigrants. Results showed that ideology (higher RWA and SDO) and lower SSS significantly predicted both symbolic and realistic threat, even after controlling for income, education, age, and gender. Furthermore, ideology and SSS interacted significantly in predicting realistic threat, with higher levels of SDO and RWA enhancing the effect of SSS. In the discussion, we focus on the implications of our findings with respect to understanding societal conflicts, discuss methodological limitations, and provide directions for future research.

379 Do Depressive Symptoms Mediate the Association Between Insomnia and Physical Activity?

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A150-A151
Author(s):  
Jamie Walker ◽  
Rebecca Campbell ◽  
Ivan Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Introduction Insomnia and depression are highly comorbid and have been shown to be independently associated with lower levels of physical activity. It is not clear, however, if being less physically active is a risk factor for or consequence of depression and insomnia. The factors that explain the associations between insomnia, depression, and physical activity are likely complex and overlapping. For example, insomnia may predict inactivity by impacting one’s energy levels, leaving them too tired to exercise. Insomnia may also interfere with one’s motivation to exercise due to low mood, as insomnia is associated with the development of depressive symptoms. The purpose of the present study was to explore whether depression mediated the link between insomnia and low levels of physical activity. Methods A national online survey was conducted from April-June 2020. Participants completed surveys to assess demographics, mood, sleep, and physical activity. Depressive symptoms were estimated with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Insomnia symptoms were estimated with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Physical activity levels were estimated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Analyses were conducted using multiple linear regression, with separate models for depression, insomnia, and the combination of the two, on levels of physical activity. Results 3,952 adults (Mage = 46.9 years) completed the survey. According to the unadjusted models, greater insomnia symptoms were associated with greater depressive symptoms (b = 0.4523, SE = 0.019593, p < .001), and lower levels of physical activity (b = -38.741, SE = 18.236, p = 0.0337). The relationship between insomnia and physical activity was no longer significant, however, when controlling for depression (b = -6.140, SE = 19.274, p = 0.75). According to the mediation analyses, there was an indirect effect of insomnia on physical activity that was explained by differences in depressive symptoms (Sobel Test = -4.895, SE = 6.518, p < .001). Conclusion Our findings support previous research indicating associations between symptoms of insomnia and depression and physical activity. Future research should examine if these same results hold using a longitudinal design. Support (if any) Vargas: K23HL141581

scholarly journals The Interplay of Online Network Homogeneity, Populist Attitudes, and Conspiratorial Beliefs: Empirical Evidence From a Survey on German Facebook Users

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Cargnino
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Process Information ◽  
Negatively Associated

Abstract Social networking sites are suspected to impede the communication between members of different political camps and thereby increase network homogeneity. This homogeneity can be a result of humans’ tendency to process information in confirmatory ways—a characteristic which is also ascribed to populist citizens and those who hold conspiratorial beliefs. It is hypothesized that populist views and conspiratorial beliefs are associated with higher exposure to like-minded information within Facebook. An online survey with German Facebook users (N = 469) revealed that populist attitudes are positively associated with conspiratorial beliefs but negatively associated with homogeneity. Conspiratorial beliefs are unrelated to homogeneity. Findings are discussed in the light of extant research.

scholarly journals Sexual healthcare professionals’ views on the rapid provision of remote services at the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed-methods study

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242110230
Author(s):  
Alexandria Lunt ◽  
Carrie Llewellyn ◽  
Jake Bayley ◽  
Tom Nadarzynski
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Remote Services ◽  
Sexual Healthcare

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing measures forced sexual health services to engage with patients remotely. We aimed to understand perceived barriers and facilitators to the provision of digital sexual health services during the first months of the pandemic. Methods: An online survey and qualitative interviews with UK sexual healthcare professionals recruited online and via snowball sampling were conducted in May–July 2020. Results: Amongst 177 respondents (72% female, 86% White, mean age = 46, SD = 9), most utilised telephone and email as their main communication channels; however, their perceived effectiveness varied (94% and 66%, respectively). Most agreed that staff needed additional training (89%), the available technology was not adequate (66%) and health professionals were hesitant to provide online consultations (46%). They had positive attitudes towards digitalisation, improving service quality and cost-effectiveness but were concerned about exacerbating health inequalities. Discussion: The study identifies a need for clear guidelines and training around the use of digital tools as well as a demand for investment in hardware and software required for the provision of remote services. Future research needs to explore the acceptability, safety and effectiveness of various digital tools to narrow health inequalities in sexual health service users.

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