A Population-Based Study on Association Between Cesarean Section and Neonatal Mortality in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Tawa Olukade ◽  
Sanni Yaya ◽  
Ghose Bishwajit ◽  
Olalekan A. Uthman
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Mortality Outcome ◽  
Obstetric Services ◽  
National Prevalence

OBJECTIVETo examine the association between cesarean section and neonatal mortality Nigeria.METHODA retrospective analysis using Nigeria Demographic Health Survey 2013 national population-based cross-sectional survey. The national prevalence of cesarean section was calculated, and logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of neonatal mortality outcome following cesarean delivery.RESULTSThe national cesarean section rate for the 2009–2013 period was 2.1% among 31,495 deliveries. The odds of having a neonatal death was twice as high in cesarean deliveries in comparison to noncesarean deliveries (aOR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.75 to 3.74).CONCLUSIONCesarean section increases the odds of neonatal mortality in Nigeria. There is a need to scale up the quality and timeliness of emergency obstetric services offered to pregnant women.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of cataract surgical coverage in India: findings from a population-based study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balasubramaniam Bharath ◽  
Sannapaneni Krishnaiah ◽  
Ahmed Imtiaz ◽  
Ramanathan V. Ramani
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Population Based ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
History Of

Background: Cataract is the leading cause of avoidable blindness in most parts of developing world, including India. The objectives were to assess cataract surgical coverage (CSC) and investigate the determinants for CSC among people aged 50 years or older in India.Methods: A population-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted to include 2023 residents aged ≥50 years old from 72 clusters of 20 districts in six states from various parts of India. Presenting visual acuity (VA), history of cataract surgery and operable cataract were assessed by trained professionals. Prevalence of CSC and factors influencing cataract surgery (CS) were studied in the multivariable logistic regression model. A two-sided p-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Cataract surgery was done in 478 (23.6%) people in both eyes. Using VA<6/18 cut-off, the CSC was estimated as 67.2% in persons. In LR model, increased age was significantly associated with increased CS (P<0.0001). The odds of prevalence of CS was significantly lower in Uttar Pradesh; adjusted Odds Ratio (OR), 0.59; (95% CI: 0.36-0.95; p=0.032) and in persons with diabetes; OR: 0.61; (95% CI: 0.38-0.94; p=0.028).Conclusions: Cataract surgical need is currently not being met in India and the increasing prevalence of diabetes is an additional major challenge in addressing the gap in CS.

Health Behaviours and Awareness of Canada’s Food Guide: A Population-based Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nonsikelelo Mathe ◽  
Calypse B. Agborsangaya ◽  
Christina C. Loitz ◽  
Jeffrey A. Johnson ◽  
Steven T. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Food Labels ◽  
Food Label ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Specific Health

Purpose: Lifestyle behaviours among adults reporting awareness of Canada’s Food Guide (CFG) are described. Methods: Data from a cross-sectional survey of adults from Alberta were used to estimate the prevalence of reported health behaviours among respondents aware of the CFG. Results: Respondents (n = 1044) reported general awareness of CFG (mean age 50.3 years; 54.2% female) of whom 82.2% reported awareness of specific CFG recommendations. Respondents reported frequently reading food labels (>58.0%), reading the number of calories (45.5%), the amount of sodium (49.5%), the amount of fat (46.7%), and the type of fat (45.5%) on the food label. Most respondents (90.0%) reported frequently selecting foods to promote health. Approximately one-third of the respondents (35.8%) reported frequently consuming ≥5 portions of vegetables and fruit per day and regularly participating in physical activity (55.3%). Body weight was perceived as healthy by 63.4% of the respondents. Most engaged in 2 health behaviours frequently. Adjusting for important socio-demographic characteristics, those who reported frequently consuming ≥5 portions of vegetables and fruit per day were more likely to engage in a second health behaviour outlined in CGF (OR: 23.6, 95% CI (16.2–34.4)). Conclusion: Awareness of CFG did not translate to positive health behaviours. More proactive population level strategies to support specific health behaviours as outlined in CFG might be warranted.

scholarly journals Relationship of socio-economic factors and parental eating habits with children's food intake in a population-based study in a metropolitan area of Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela dos Santos Barroso ◽  
Rosely Sichieri ◽  
Rosana Salles-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Socio Economic Variables

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association of sociodemographic factors and parental food consumption with children's food intake.DesignA cross-sectional survey.SettingA population-based study with a representative sample in a metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Parents’ socio-economic variables, age and education level and children's age were obtained by face-to-face interviews. The parental food intake was assessed using an FFQ and the children's food intake was assessed using two 24 h recalls.SubjectsChildren (n 366) aged 6–30 months and their parents.ResultsThe hierarchical regression analysis indicated that parents’ age was positively associated with the intake of vegetables among children (β = 0·73, 95 % CI 0·11, 1·34), while parents’ educational level was positively associated with the intake of fats (β = 3·52, 95 % CI 0·04, 7·01) and negatively associated with the intake of beans (β = −13·98, 95 % CI −27·94, −0·03). The age of the children was positively associated with the intakes of meats and eggs (β = 2·88, 95 % CI 1·55, 4·22), sugars (β = 5·08, 95 % CI 1·85, 8·30) and coffee (β = 1·77, 95 % CI 0·71, 2·84), and negatively associated with the intake of vegetables (β = −2·12, 95 % CI −3·20, −1·05). The influence of parental food intake was observed for the food groups of breads, cereals and tubers (β = 0·06, 95 % CI 0·003, 0·12), beans (β = 0·11, 95 % CI −0·003, 0·22) and fruits (β = 0·10, 95 % CI 0·03, 0·16). Unfavourable socio-economic variables were associated with intakes of breads, cereals and tubers, vegetables, fruits, meats, sugars and coffee by children.ConclusionsParental food intake is associated with children's intake of cereals, beans and fruits independent of socio-economic status.

scholarly journals Food Neophobia among Brazilian Children: Prevalence and Questionnaire Score Development

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 975
Author(s):  
Priscila Claudino de de Almeida ◽  
Ivana Aragão Lira Vasconcelos ◽  
Renata Puppin Zandonadi ◽  
Eduardo Yoshio Nakano ◽  
António Raposo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Food Neophobia ◽  
Professional Interventions ◽  
National Prevalence ◽  
Brazilian Children

This study aims to create and validate a score to classify food neophobia among Brazilian children (from the ages of 4 to 11 years) and investigate the prevalence of food neophobia. This descriptive cross-sectional population-based study is conducted following three steps: (i) the application of an instrument to identify food neophobia in Brazilian children by their caregivers; (ii) the instrument’s score definition; and (iii) the evaluation and characterization of the national prevalence of food neophobia among Brazilian children. The scores were categorized into three levels, based on the tertial approximation: low, moderate, and high. The study had 1112 participants, and the prevalence of high food neophobia was observed in 33.4% of Brazilian children. The prevalence of food neophobia allowed us to identify this behavior in Brazilian children and better understand the population. Boys were significantly more neophobic than girls. The general neophobia score and domains did not significantly differ between Brazilian regions and age groups. It is worrying that food neophobia did not decrease with advancing age. The score for the complete instrument with 25 items, or the 3 domains, makes its use practical. It can be used to assess neophobia with more caution, evaluate the most neophobic children, and enable more targeted professional interventions to promote healthier and sustainable eating habits.

scholarly journals Correspondence between children's nutritional status and mothers' perceptions: a population-based study

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2285-2290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria del Carmen Bisi Molina ◽  
Carolina Perim de Faria ◽  
Pilar Montero ◽  
Nagela Valadão Cade
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Kappa Test ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

This study aimed to investigate the correspondence between the nutritional status of children aged 7-10 years and their mothers' perceptions of their children's weight. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,282 children. Weight and height were measured and classified according to International Obesity Taskforce (IOTF) criteria. Mothers' perceptions were assessed based on four possible conditions. The Kappa test (k) was used to evaluate the correspondence between nutritional status and mothers' perceptions and followed by regression analyses. The prevalence of overweight and underweight was 23.2% and 5.7% respectively. Half of mothers reported that their children were "underweight"; 61.2% said that their children were "normal"; 11.8% said that their children were "above normal weight"; and 1.1% referred to their offspring as "very much above normal weight". Highest and lowest correspondence between nutritional status and mother´s perception were: underweight and much above normal weight, respectively (k = 0.217, p < 0.000). Gender and ethnicity showed significant association with the mother's perception, even after controlling for other variables. Low correspondence levels between nutritional status and mother's perception were observed, especially among obese children.

Incidence of self-reported acute gastrointestinal infections in the community in Poland: a population-based study

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (7) ◽  
pp. 1173-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BAUMANN-POPCZYK ◽  
M. SADKOWSKA-TODYS ◽  
J. ROGALSKA ◽  
P. STEFANOFF
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Polish Society

SUMMARYA retrospective cross-sectional survey of self-reported acute gastrointestinal infection (AGI) incidence in the community was performed in Poland, from December 2008 to November 2009. The aim of the study was to estimate the magnitude and distribution of self-reported AGI, in order to calibrate the routine AGI surveillance system in Poland. The study population were randomly selected residents of all Polish regions, having a fixed telephone line. An equal number of telephone interviews were collected each month, requesting the interviewee to identify gastrointestinal symptoms that had occurred in the previous 4 weeks. The international AGI case definition was used. In total 3583 complete interviews were obtained. The compliance ratio was 26%. Of 3583 respondents, 240 (6·7%) individuals fulfilled the AGI case definition. The annualized incidence of acute gastroenteritis was 0·9/person-year (95% confidence interval 0·8–1·0). Comparison of the obtained annual AGI estimate (33·3 million infections) with the number of cases reported to national surveillance during the corresponding period (73 512), yielded an underreporting factor of 453 cases occurring in the community for each reported case. Of the 240 AGI cases, 30·4% consulted a general practitioner, and 4·6% were admitted to hospital. Samples for microbiological confirmation were collected from four (1·6%) cases. This first population-based study in eastern Europe has confirmed that AGI places a high burden on Polish society, which is underestimated by national surveillance data. Efforts are necessary to improve AGI reporting and diagnostic practices in order to increase the effectiveness of the Polish surveillance system in detecting threats related to new AGI pathogens, new routes of transmission or the potential for international spread.

Cycling to School Is Associated With Lower BMI and Lower Odds of Being Overweight or Obese in a Large Population-Based Study of Danish Adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Østergaard ◽  
Anders Grøntved ◽  
Line Anita B. Børrestad ◽  
Karsten Froberg ◽  
Michael Gravesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Walking To School

Background:Previous studies have been inconclusive concerning the effect of active transport on BMI. Our objective was to investigate the association between travel mode and BMI in a large community-based sample of Danish adolescents.Methods:A cross-sectional survey on health and lifestyle was distributed to all pupils from the 7th to 9th grade (12–16 years of age) in the municipality of Odense, Denmark.Results:Cycling to school was associated with 0.38 lower BMI compared to passive travelers (P = .006) after multivariable adjustment. Cycling to school was associated with 0.55 lower odds of being overweight (P < .001) and 0.30 lower (P < .001) odds of being obese compared to individuals using passive transport. Walking to school was associated with 0.65 lower odds of being overweight (P = .006). Post hoc pairwise comparisons of ethnicity revealed that adolescents of foreign ethnicity were more likely to be walkers or passive commuters (75.14% vs. 29.72%) than cyclists (24.86% vs. 70.28%; P < .001) compared to subjects of Danish ethnicity.Conclusions:Cycling to school was associated with lower BMI and lower odds of being overweight or obese compared to passive travel in Danish adolescents, whereas walking to school was associated with lower odds of being overweight.

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