Lactation Support and Breast Milk Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Kimberly H. Barbas ◽  
Lauren Mudgett
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Professional Networking ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Dramatic Growth

The past 20 years have seen dramatic growth of hospital lactation programs. There are few regulatory guidelines leaving advocates for lactation services to justify need, safety, and best practice to implement changes. The professional networking group, Children’s Hospital Lactation Network, was surveyed about breast milk facilities and practices. Analysis of survey responses will provide lactation programs with information needed to identify improvements and recognize priorities for lactation practice and safe, effective breast milk management. Lactation programs need specific regulations to guide practice to enable them to receive funding for equipment and staffing and support to make decisions on policies and best practices. Specific recommendations, consistent between regulatory agencies and across the United States, would be beneficial to optimizing lactation support for hospitalized infants and their families.

Industry Payments to Plastic Surgeons: What Has Changed Over the Last Six-Years Following Implementation of the Physician Payment Sunshine Act?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowland W Pettit ◽  
Jordan Kaplan ◽  
Matthew M Delancy ◽  
Edward Reece ◽  
Sebastian Winocour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
User Interface ◽  
Stock Options ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Physician Payment ◽  
The Past ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Open Payments

Abstract Background The Open Payments Program, as designated by the Physician Payments Sunshine Act is the single largest repository of industry payments made to licensed physicians within the United States. Though sizeable in its dataset, the database and user interface are limited in their ability to permit expansive data interpretation and summarization. Objectives We sought to comprehensively compare industry payments made to plastic surgeons with payments made to all surgeons and all physicians to elucidate industry relationships since implementation. Methods The Open Payments Database was queried between 2014 and 2019, and inclusion criteria were applied. These data were evaluated in aggregate and for yearly totals, payment type, and geographic distribution. Results 61,000,728 unique payments totaling $11,815,248,549 were identified over the six-year study period. 9,089 plastic surgeons, 121,151 surgeons, and 796,260 total physicians received these payments. Plastic surgeons annually received significantly less payment than all surgeons (p=0.0005). However, plastic surgeons did not receive significantly more payment than all physicians (p = 0.0840). Cash and cash equivalents proved to be the most common form of payment; Stock and stock options were least commonly transferred. Plastic surgeons in Tennessee received the most in payments between 2014-2019 (mean $ 76,420.75). California had the greatest number of plastic surgeons to receive payments (1,452 surgeons). Conclusions Plastic surgeons received more in industry payments than the average of all physicians but received less than all surgeons. The most common payment was cash transactions. Over the past six years, geographic trends in industry payments have remained stable.

Newsmaking criminology in Australia and New Zealand: Results from a mixed methods study of criminologists’ media engagement

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Iliadis ◽  
Imogen Richards ◽  
Mark A Wood
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
News Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Professional Duty ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Newsmaking Criminology

‘Newsmaking criminology’, as described by Barak, is the process by which criminologists contribute to the generation of ‘newsworthy’ media content about crime and justice, often through their engagement with broadcast and other news media. While newsmaking criminological practices have been the subject of detailed practitioner testimonials and theoretical treatise, there has been scarce empirical research on newsmaking criminology, particularly in relation to countries outside of the United States and United Kingdom. To illuminate the state of play of newsmaking criminology in Australia and New Zealand, in this paper we analyse findings from 116 survey responses and nine interviews with criminologists working in universities in these two countries, which provide insight into the extent and nature of their news media engagement, and their related perceptions. Our findings indicate that most criminologists working in Australia or New Zealand have made at least one news media appearance in the past two years, and the majority of respondents view news media engagement as a professional ‘duty’. Participants also identified key political, ethical, and logistical issues relevant to their news media engagement, with several expressing a view that radio and television interviewers can influence criminologists to say things that they deem ‘newsworthy’.

Bilingual Communities: U. S. National /Regional Profiles and Verbal Repertoires

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 220-239
Author(s):  
Richard V. Teschner
Keyword(s):  
Bilingual Education ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Federal Funding ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Department Of Education ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bilingual Communities ◽  
To Receive

From the vantage point of August 1, 1985, the past three years are better characterized by what has failed to happen, politically, in realms directly affecting the concerns of applied linguistics in the United States than by what actually has happened. Despite 55 months of the Reagan Revolution, the Department of Education is still intact, and, with it, the Office of Bilingual Education and Minority Languages Affairs (OBEMLA). Bilingual education continues to receive federal funding, though predictably at levels that satisfy neither its advocates (too low) nor its detractors (too high).

A Little Reverse Missions: In Search of a Global Perspective in Worship

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-220
Author(s):  
C. Michael Hawn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Century ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Church

Throughout history the church has often been slow to recognize developments in the sciences and reorder its thinking about God's creation accordingly. The church in the northern world is now facing the reality that Christians in the southern hemisphere outnumber them two to one. The seeds of the gospel planted during the great mission movements of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have taken hold and Christianity is flourishing in many places in the south. Are Christians in the northern hemisphere ready to receive the gifts of worshiping communities through song and prayer from their southern sisters and brothers? Given the patterns of immigration to the United States, this is not an academic proposal but a reality of the twenty-first century. Congregations in the current century will need a global perspective in local communities. We dare not be as slow to respond to this reality as the church has been to scientific discoveries in the past. This article offers strategies for reciprocal mission mindedness in our worship.

A Framework for Effective Promotion of a Medicaid Tobacco Cessation Benefit

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-632
Author(s):  
Rhonda K. Williams ◽  
Rebecca L. Brookes ◽  
Erin R. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Health Department ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tobacco Control Program ◽  
Raising Awareness

Tobacco burden is significantly greater among those insured by Medicaid, with a smoking prevalence about twice as high as the national average (28% vs. 15%). Over the past decade, smoking prevalence among those insured by Medicaid has remained relatively unchanged while overall smoking prevalence in the United States and among other insurance groups decreased. This indicates need for targeting tobacco control strategies to those insured by Medicaid. In response, the Vermont Tobacco Control Program (VTCP) set out to implement best practice by making its Medicaid cessation benefit more comprehensive and raising awareness and use of the benefit to support members in quitting. The VTCP collaborated with its Medicaid and health department leadership to implement this initiative, learning and adapting processes along the way. The VTCP identified a framework and considerations for programs implementing best practice to expand access and utilization of cessation supports. Elements of success include collaboration, data sharing, and promotion. As a result, the VTCP created an infrastructure that increases access, awareness, and use of cessation supports among Medicaid members and providers. Between 2013 and 2017, the quit ratio among Vermont Medicaid members increased from 8% to 13% and the smoking rate decreased from 36% to 31%.

Human Breast Milk Contamination in the United States and Canada by Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticides and Industrial Pollutants: Current Status

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Calabrese
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Organochlorine Insecticide ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Chlorinated Hydrocarbon ◽  
The Past

Widespread contamination of human breast milk with chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides has been repeatedly documented in population surveys in the United States and Canada over the past two decades. Unfortunately, it was not until the most recently published assessments that a strong effort has been made to apply proper biostatistical sampling methodologies to such surveys. This deficiency, along with frequent omission of information on variables known to affect the levels of such contaminants in breast milk, makes precise historical comparisons difficult. Given these uncertainties, it appears that organochlorine insecticide residues in human breast milk have not noticeably changed over the past two decades in the United States despite the regulatory restriction placed on several of these substances, such as DDT, since 1970. The surveys have revealed that total DDT levels continue to approach and exceed the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) level recommended by WHO. Perhaps of greatest concern is the ubiquitous contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) of breast milk, with levels of the upper 30% of the population being within a factor of 10 of those levels producing adverse health effects in humans and monkeys. The carcinogenic risk assessment for consumption of PCB-contaminated breast milk is also discussed.

PCBs in Breast Milk

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-407
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Health Department ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
State Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
History Of

Publicity has raised concern about the presence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in breast milk. There are no known effects in children at levels found in people in the United States. In Kyushu, Japan, pregnant women who ingested cooking oil that was heavily contaminated with PCBs and other chemicals had small-for-gestational-age infants who had transient darkening of the skin. PCBs are stored in body fat and are not readily excreted, except in the fat of breast milk. In the past, PCBs have entered the body through a variety of foods. More recently, contaminated game fish and occupational exposures have been the main sources. The only women in the United States who may have been heavily exposed are those who worked with PCBs or who have eaten large amounts of sports fish from PCB-contaminated waters such as the Saint Lawrence Seaway. Unless women have a history of exposure to PCBs, they should be encouraged to breast-feed their infants as usual. When a well-documented history of exposure to PCBs is obtained and the mother wants to breast-feed her infant, the mother's PCB level could be measured in about three weeks' time. The advice of state health department officials should be sought in the rare instances when a high PCB level is found.

Cultural Aspects of Psychopharmacology

2018 ◽  
pp. 387-391
Author(s):  
S. Nassir Ghaemi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Pragmatic Attitude

The practice of psychopharmacology is influenced by cultural factors, including a tendency in the United States for patients and doctors to want to receive pills for symptoms. This therapeutic activism dates back centuries, and it has influenced aggressive treatments in the past such as bleeding the patient. The proponents of DSM-III sought to make psychiatry more empirical, and much of this drive came from the need to diagnose entities that could be treated with the newly emerging psychotropic drugs. In retrospect, it could be concluded that what happened was that the DSM-III–oriented practitioners implemented an American pragmatic attitude to psychiatry that has tended toward both polynosology and polypharmacy. The spirit of pragmatism still lives in the world of contemporary psychiatry. A debate still exists culturally between caution and liberality in the use of medication, for psychological states in particular.

Manuscripts Concerning Mexico and Central America in the Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.

1962 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicenta Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Past History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Library Of Congress ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
To Receive

There is no doubt that manuscripts proceeding from or referring to Ibero-America which are preserved in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress constitute an interesting collection for the historian of the Hispanic world. This collection was begun in the second half of the nineteenth century when the library started to receive writings, documents, correspondence, and diverse papers relating to the past history of these northern regions and of other countries south of the frontiers of the United States. It was the moment when the North American collectors and antiquarians began to frequent the auctions of papers and books, when individuals and universities began to make their collections of material from which historians could procure documentation for their writings. The Library of Congress did not stay on the fringe of this movement, and some outstanding examples of documentation began to arrive in this depository, so much so that in 1900 the head of the Manuscript Division sent to the Congress of Americanists meeting in Paris a catalogue of the fifteen items relating to Mexico to be found under his care.

Laetrile: Should the Dying Patient Decide?

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
George J. Annas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
The United States ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Independent Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Dying Patient

On July 1,1980, at four major medical institutions across the United States, the National Cancer Institute began testing Laetrile on cancer patients on whom all other therapy has failed. The study calls for 200 patients to receive the drug, along with a natural food diet. Results should be known in two years, and should demonstrate once and for all whether or not Laetrile has any cancer inhibiting effects. The study was undertaken primarily because of the large amount of publicity proponents of Laetrile have generated over the past five years, rather than any independent evidence that Laetrile may be an effective anticancer agent. Its commencement, however, provides a useful opportunity to review the legal status of Laetrile, and to suggest a possible approach to the controversy it has caused.

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