Modeling the Effect of Mother's Characteristics on the Weight of a Newborn

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-216
Author(s):  
Oluwafemi Samson Balogun ◽  
Donald Douglas Atsa'am ◽  
Toluwalase Janet Akingbade ◽  
Emmanuel Awuni Kolog ◽  
Richard O. Agjei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Public Policy Issue ◽  
Neonatal Birth Weight ◽  
Antenatal Visits

BACKGROUNDNeonatal mortality related to fetal growth is a public policy issue in Nigeria.METHODTo determine maternal characteristics associated with fetal growth and neonatal birth weight, a secondary analysis of data collected from 701 mothers using a multiple linear regression model was undertaken.FINDINGSMaternal age, parity, and weight were found to be significantly associated with neonatal birth weight. The number of antenatal visits and maternal level of education were not found to be associated with neonatal birth weight.CONCLUSIONSTo the extent that providers might influence maternal weight, education and counselling during pregnancy may impact fetal growth and neonatal birth weight.

scholarly journals Maternal Characteristics Affect Fetal Growth Response to Maternal Supplements in the Women First Preconception Trial (WF) (P10-017-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hambidge ◽  
Carla Bann ◽  
Elizabeth McClure ◽  
Jamie Westcott ◽  
Ana Garces ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Effect Modifier ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Effect Regression ◽  
Female Effect ◽  
Gates Foundation

Abstract Objectives Determine if maternal characteristics modified newborn anthropometric outcomes in the WF trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01883193). Methods Secondary analysis included combined data for all 1465 maternal infant dyads in WF sites in Guatemala, India, and Pakistan who had 1st trimester ultrasounds and newborn anthropometry with the three WF arms maintained: Arm 1 commenced a comprehensive nutrition supplement ≥3 months prior to conception; Arm 2 commenced the same supplement in the 1st trimester, and Arm 3 received no trial supplements. Maternal characteristics included were: baseline, BMI, hemoglobin, age, education, SES, and parity plus newborn sex. Newborn outcomes were Z-scores for length (LAZ), weight (WAZ), and weight-to-length ratio (WLRZ). Mixed effect regression models were fit for each outcome, including treatment arm, effect modifier, and treatment arm x effect modifier interaction as predictors and controlling for study site, maternal characteristics, and newborn sex. Results Parity, anemia and newborn sex were significant effect modifiers favoring para 0 vs para ≥1, anemia vs non anemia, and newborn male vs female. Effect of Arm 1 vs 3 was significantly larger for para 0 vs ≥1 women on length and weight (Table). Arm 2 vs 3 was not associated with improvements for para 0 in weight (P = 0.273) or WLRZ (P = 0.710). Arms 1 and 2 (vs 3) were associated with significantly higher length, weight, and WLRZ for anemic women. For parity and anemia, effect sizes for Arm 1 were greater than for Arm 2 for WAZ and WLZ (P < 0.05), but not LAZ. Arm 1 and 2 were associated with significantly higher weight and WLRZ for male vs female newborn. Conclusions In diverse low resource populations, impaired fetal growth (weight and length) is substantially improved in nulliparous and in anemic women but minimally or not at all in parous and in non-anemic women. Correction of weight decrements is most pronounced with improvement in maternal nutrition commencing prior to conception. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; NIH, NICHD and ODS. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Effects of maternal weight variations and gestational diabetes mellitus on neonatal birth weight

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Pezzarossa ◽  
Nicoletta Orlandi ◽  
Viviana Baggi ◽  
Davide Dazzi ◽  
Elisa Ricciarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Neonatal Birth Weight

Infant birth weight is related to maternal arterial oxygenation at high altitude

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Moore ◽  
S. S. Rounds ◽  
D. Jahnigen ◽  
R. F. Grover ◽  
J. T. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Fetal Growth Retardation ◽  
Arterial Oxygenation ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Infant Birth

Infant birth weight is reported to decrease at high altitude as a reulst of fetal growth retardation (McCullough, Reeves, and Liljegren. Arch. Environ, Health. 32: 36--39, 1977) but not all babies born at high altitude are small. We hypothesized that maternal characteristics acting to lower arterial O2 content would contribute to smaller infant birth weight. To test this hypothesis, we measured arterial oxygenation serially during pregnancy and again postpartum in 44 residents of Leadville, CO (elevation 3,100 m). We identified three maternal characteristics--ventilation, hemoglobin concentration, and smoking habits--that were related to the birth weight of the offspring. Mothers of smaller babies (less than 2,900 g) compared to mothers of larger babies (greater than 3,500 g) were characterized by hypoventilation, no change or a decrease in ventilation and arterial O2 saturation from early to late gestation, and a falling hemoglobin concentration that combined to lower arterial O2 content in the 3rd trimester. Maternal smoking at 3,100 m was associated with a two to threefold greater reduction in infant birth weight (-546 g) than reported from sea level. Thus, maternal arterial oxygenation during pregnancy may be important for predicting fetal growth retardation and the process of adaptation to high altitude.

scholarly journals Leptin Concentrations in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood in Relation to Maternal Weight, Birth Weight and Weight of the Placenta

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ishrat ◽  
MW Rahman ◽  
MR Rahman ◽  
MZ Hussain ◽  
S Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Serum Leptin

Objective: Leptin is a hormone which regulates adipose tissue mass of the body. Substantial increase of leptin during pregnancy and detection of leptin and leptin receptor in placenta have led to the speculation that leptin is a gestational hormone with a possible role in regulation of fetal growth. The study was done to find out whether maternal and cord blood leptin correlate with birthweight and weight of the placenta. Materials and methods: A prospective cross sectional study was undertaken in the Department of Obsterics and Gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from January 2005 to June 2005. The study was carried out on 39 pairs of mothers and newborns. Maternal venous blood was sampled just before delivery. Cord blood was obtained, birth weight and placental weight measurements were taken just after delivery of the baby. Serum leptin levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Maternal serum leptin was 24.50 ng/ml (range- 13.15-45.60 ng/ml) and cord serum leptin was 6.50 ng/ml (range- 2.02-12.30 ng/ml). There was no correlation between maternal leptin and birth weight or between maternal leptin and placental weight. Cord leptin was significantly correlated with birth weight but not with placental weight. There was no correlation between maternal and cord blood leptin. There was no significant gender differences in cord blood leptin concentrations. Conclusions: There may be an important role of leptin in regulation of fetal growth and development. Placenta may not be a major source of leptin in maternal and feto-placental circulation. Maternal leptin cannot be a reliable marker of fetal growth. Keywords: Serum leptin, birth weight, placental weight   doi: 10.3329/bjog.v23i1.3049 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2008; Vol. 23(1) : 3-7

scholarly journals Maternal Characteristics Affect Fetal Growth Response in the Women First Preconception Nutrition Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2534 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Michael Hambidge ◽  
Carla M. Bann ◽  
Elizabeth M. McClure ◽  
Jamie E. Westcott ◽  
Ana Garcés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Effect Modifier ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Effect Regression ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Newborn Size

The objective of this secondary analysis was to identify maternal characteristics that modified the effect of maternal supplements on newborn size. Participants included 1465 maternal–newborn dyads in Guatemala, India, and Pakistan. Supplementation commenced before conception (Arm 1) or late 1st trimester (Arm 2); Arm 3 received usual care. Characteristics included body mass index (BMI), stature, anemia, age, education, socio-economic status (SES), parity, and newborn sex. Newborn outcomes were z-scores for length (LAZ), weight (WAZ), and weight to length ratio-for-age (WLRAZ). Mixed-effect regression models included treatment arm, effect modifier, and arm * effect modifier interaction as predictors, controlling for site, characteristics, and sex. Parity (para-0 vs. para ≥1), anemia (anemia/no anemia), and sex were significant effect modifiers. Effect size (95% CI) for Arm 1 vs. 3 was larger for para-0 vs. ≥1 for all outcomes (LAZ 0.56 (0.28, 0.84, p < 0.001); WAZ 0.45 (0.20, 0.07, p < 0.001); WLRAZ 0.52 (0.17, 0.88, p < 0.01) but only length for Arm 2 vs. 3. Corresponding effects for para ≥1 were >0.02. Arm 3 z-scores were all very low for para-0, but not para ≥1. Para-0 and anemia effect sizes for Arm 1 were > Arm 2 for WAZ and WLRAZ, but not LAZ. Arm 1 and 2 had higher WAZ for newborn boys vs. girls. Maternal nulliparity and anemia were associated with impaired fetal growth that was substantially improved by nutrition intervention, especially when commenced prior to conception.

Fetal Growth Assessment and Neonatal Birth Weight in Fetuses With an Isolated Single Umbilical Artery

2005 ◽  
Vol 105 (5, Part 1) ◽  
pp. 1093-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladen Predanic ◽  
Sriram C. Perni ◽  
Alexander Friedman ◽  
Frank A. Chervenak ◽  
Stephen T. Chasen
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Single Umbilical Artery ◽  
Neonatal Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Assessment

scholarly journals Role of omega 3 fatty acids on pregnancy outcome

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirisha Anne ◽  
Aruna Menon ◽  
Sameena Parikh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Neonatal Birth Weight ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Duration Of Gestation

Background: Maternal nutrition plays a crucial role on influencing fetal growth and birth outcome. Any nutritional insult during critical periods of gestation is known to influence fetal development and increases the risk for development of diseases in later life. Omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids have been studied to effect fetal growth and development. The balance between these two fatty acids have a definite effect on fetal growth and duration of gestation. Dietary intake of omega 3 fatty acids is less as compared to omega 6 fatty acids due to varied dietary sources.Methods: A study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital to study the pregnancy outcome in terms of neonatal birth weight and duration of gestation. A total of 200 patients were recruited into the study and divided into two groups by randomised alternative method. One group of 100 patients were supplemented with Omega 3 fatty acids and the other group was not supplemented. Both groups were followed till delivery and their duration of gestation and neonatal birth weight were studied and analysed.Results: The study showed that 78.8% patients supplemented with omega 3 fatty acids achieved neonatal birth weight more than 2.5Kg compared to 50% of patients who were not supplemented. No significant difference on duration of gestation was found in both the groups.Conclusions: Supplementation of Omega 3 fatty acids to patients in our study has shown to increase neonatal birth weight compared to patients who have not been supplemented, and did not show any significance in prolonging duration of gestation.

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