scholarly journals Pratiques Endogènes De La Culture Des Mangues Locales (Mangifera Indica L, Anacardiaceae) Dans Les Départements Du Noun Et De La Lékié Au Cameroun

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (29) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Christelle Flavie Mbieji Kemayou ◽  
Grâce Annih Mbong ◽  
Marie Caroline Momo Solefack ◽  
Jean Kuate
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Good Production ◽  
De Se ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Cultivation Practices ◽  
Harvesting Techniques

La présente étude s’inscrit dans le cadre de la valorisation des mangues locales et de la perception endogène des pratiques culturales associées. Cette étude a été menée entre mars et juin 2020, dans les Départements du Noun et de la Lékié, dans onze (11) villages à fort potentiel de manguiers. L’enquête s’est faite par administration des questionnaires et par des observations directes auprès de 300 producteurs de mangues locales. Il en ressort que les producteurs sont en majorité des hommes (82,66%) mariés, de plus de 50 ans (59,3%), de niveau primaire (60%) pour le Noun et secondaire (59,3%) pour la Lékié. Les surfaces exploitées sont de moins de 1000 m2, localisées au bord de leurs concessions. Dans les deux Départements, l’itinéraire technique telle que recommandée par les experts n’est pas respecté et les techniques de récolte pratiquées sont inappropriées. Elles se font soit par la grimpe, la secousse de l’arbre ou l’utilisation des crochets. Les fruits récoltés sont mal conditionnés et vendus dans les différents contenants. L’anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes) et la chute de fruits immatures sévissent dans les vergers. Huit variétés locales ont été identifiées. Pour une bonne production des mangues locales dans le Noun et la Lékié il est important pour les producteurs d’améliorer leur capacité, d’utiliser les variétés locales greffées et de se former en techniques de conservation des mangues.  This study is part of the valorisation of local mangoes and the endogenous perception of associated cultivation practices. This study was carried out between March and June 2020, in the Noun and Lékié Divisions, in eleven (11) villages with high potential for mango trees. The survey was carried out by administering questionnaires and by direct observations with 300 local mango producers. It appears that the majority of producers are married men (82.66%), over 50 (59.3%), primary (60%) for the Noun and secondary (59.3%) for the Lékié. The areas exploited are less than 1000 m2, located at the edge of their concessions. In both Divisions, the technical itinerary as recommended by the experts is not followed and the harvesting techniques practiced are inappropriate. They are done either by climbing, shaking the tree or using the hooks. The harvested fruits are poorly packaged and sold in the various containers. Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes) and immature fruit drop are rampant in orchards. Eight local varieties have been identified. For a good production of local mangoes in Noun and Lékié it is important for producers to improve their capacity, to use grafted local varieties and to be trained in mango conservation techniques.

Naturally Occurring Cytokinins in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Fruit

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ram ◽  
SC Sirohi ◽  
VS Rathore
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Cell Enlargement ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Ion Exchange Column ◽  
Rf Values

The fruit of mango (Mangifera indica L.) contained cytokinins in both pericarp and seed. During the single period of rapid growth in fruit and seed (7-42 days after pollination), cytokinin concentration increased rapidly at two times. The first preceded the period of rapid cell division and cell enlargement and the second coincided with the period of rapid cell enlargement only. Deficiency of cytokinin in the fruit appears to favour fruit drop and cessation of fruit growth. Eleven cytokinin fractions were isolated by ion-exchange column and paper chromatography from immature mango fruits. These fractions were termed Mf1 to Mf11, on the basis of their RF values and spectral properties. Two of these, Mf9 and Mf10, could be tentatively identified as zeatin riboside and zeatin, respectively.

scholarly journals Ripening of Mangos Following Low-temperature Storage

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Medlicott ◽  
J.M.M. Sigrist ◽  
O. Sy
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
Low Temperature Storage ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
Temperature Storage

The effects of harvest maturity of mangos (Mangifera indica L.) on storage tinder various low-temperature regimes and the influence of storage on quality development during subsequent ripening at higher temperatures were investigated. The capacity for storage of mango fruit depended on harvest maturity, storage temperature, and the time of harvest within the season. Development of peel and pulp color, soluble solids concentration, pH, and softening in `Amelie', `Tommy Atkins', and `Keitt' mangos occurred progressively during storage for up to 21 days at 12C. Based on the level of ripening change that occurred during 12C storage, immature fruit showed superior storage capacity than fruit harvested at more-advanced stages of physiological maturity. On transfer to ripening temperatures (25C); however, immature fruit failed to develop full ripeness characteristics. Mature and half-mature fruit underwent limited ripening during storage at 12C, the extent of which increased with progressive harvests during the season. Ripening changes during storage for 21 days were less at 8 and 10C than at 12C. Chilling injury, as indicated by inhibition of ripening, was found at all harvest stored at 8C, and in early season harvests stored at 10C. Fruit from mid- and late-season harvests stored better at 10 than at 12C, with no apparent signs of chilling injury. Flavor of mangos ripened after low-temperature storage was less acceptable than of those ripened immediately after harvest. Suggestions are made for maximizing storage potential by controlling harvest maturity and storage temperature for progressive harvests throughout the season.

scholarly journals Metabolite profiling in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) pollen grains in relation to viability

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
K S Shivashankara ◽  
G A Geetha ◽  
T K Roy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Viability Percentage ◽  
Pollination And Fertilization

Mango productivity is affected mainly by irregular flowering, proportion of bisexual flowers, poor pollination and fertilization and fruit drop. Poor fruit set in some of the varieties may be associated with the lower pollen viability. The present experiment was initiated to assess the viability of pollen grains and their metabolites in three mango cultivars Amrapali, Alphonso and Totapuri which are differing in their fruit set intensity. The profiling of sugars, amino acids and some of the phytohormones were analysed using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Assessment of pollen grains in three mango cultivars indicated that free sugars such as fructose and glucose, and available amino acids including serine, proline, lysine, phenylalanine, alanine and glutamic acid were predominantly higher in all the cultivars. Phytohormones like IAA, IBA, ABA, GA,zeatin, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid were significantly different in low fruit setting cultivars Alphonso and Totapuri compared to high fruit setting cultivar Amrapali. In cv. Alphonso all the metabolites were higher at anthesis but later decreased drastically compared to cvs. Totapuri and Amrapali. Pollen viability percentage was significantly higher in cv. Amrapali than in cvs. Totapuri, Alphonso. Among all the cultivars, Amrapali maintained better chemical composition at anthesis and also at two hours after anthesis compared to cvs. Totapuri and Alphonso.

scholarly journals Association between Fruit Development and Mature Fruit Drop in Huanglongbing-affected Sweet Orange

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 851-857
Author(s):  
Lisa Tang ◽  
Sukhdeep Singh ◽  
Tripti Vashisth
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
Fruit Drop

In the past decade, FL citrus industry has been struck by Huanglongbing (HLB), a disease caused by the phloem-limited bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). Besides tree decline, HLB causes a sharp increase in mature fruit drop before harvest, leading to a substantial reduction in citrus production. The aim of the study was to provide insights in HLB-associated mature fruit drop. For HLB-affected ‘Valencia’ and ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), trees exhibiting severe symptoms (“severe trees”) had a significantly higher rate of mature fruit drop compared with mildly symptomatic ones (“mild trees”). Interestingly, dropped fruit were smaller than those still attached to tree branches regardless of the symptom levels of trees; overall, fruit of severe trees were smaller than mild trees. The result suggests a negative effect of HLB on fruit growth that may lead to a high incidence to drop subsequently at maturity. This possibility is further supported by the difference in immature fruit size as early as 2 months after bloom between severe and mild trees. Although HLB-triggered phloem plugging due to callose deposition in citrus leaves, which results in disrupted carbohydrate transport, has been documented in literature, the results of the histological analysis demonstrated no consistent pattern of callose deposition in the mature fruit pedicel in relation to the drop incidence. Additionally, sugar concentration in juice was not significantly different between dropped and attached fruit, providing evidence that carbohydrate shortage is not the case for dropped fruit and thus not the predominant cause of HLB-associated mature fruit drop. Notably, the midday water potential was significantly lower for severe than mild trees during the preharvest period (2 weeks before harvest of the current crop) in late March, which was also the second week after full bloom of return flowering. This suggests that altered tree water status due to HLB might limit fruit growth during the initial stage of fruit development (immediately after flowering) and/or increase the incidence of mature fruit abscission, leading to elevated preharvest fruit drop. Together, the results suggest that in the presence of HLB, strategies to increase fruit size and minimize additional stresses (especially drought) for the trees may improve mature fruit retention.

scholarly journals Harvest Maturity and Concentration and Exposure Time to Acetylene Influence Initiation of Ripening in Mangos

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Medlicott ◽  
Mayé N'Diaye ◽  
J.M.M. Sigrist
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Peel Color ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Harvest Maturity

The effects of acetylene at 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, or 1.6 ml·liter-1 and exposures of 4, 8, 12, or 24 hours on ripening initiation In mangos (Mangifera indica L.) harvested at three stages of maturity were investigated: Ripeness was assessed before and after treatment in `Tommy Atkins', `Ruby', and `Amelie' mangos by analysis of texture, peel, and pulp color development, soluble solids concentration, and pH. The initiation of ripening depended on the acetylene concentration, exposure time to acetylene, the physiological maturity of the fruit at harvest, and on the cultivar. Changes that can occur during ripening bad different sensitivities to acetylene gas. Acetylene treatment of 0.1 or 0.2 ml·liter-1 for 24 hours at 25C initiated softening, but had no effect on the other ripening processes measured. All the ripening changes measured were initiated with a 24-hour exposure to 0.4 ml·liter-1 in `Tommy Atkins', while 0.8 ml·liter-l was required with `Ruby' mangos. There was an interaction between gas concentration and exposure time taken to Initiate ripening. The 0.8 ml·liter-1 acetylene treatment required 24 hours to initiate full ripening, while 8 hours were required with 1.6 ml·liter-l acetylene and 1.0 ml·liter-1 ethylene. Mature and half-mature fruit showed a similar response to gas treatments; immature fruit failed to show full ripening initiation, although softening and peel color development were enhanced.

scholarly journals V-Mango: a functional–structural model of mango tree growth, development and fruit production

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Boudon ◽  
Séverine Persello ◽  
Alexandra Jestin ◽  
Anne-Sarah Briand ◽  
Isabelle Grechi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Mango Tree ◽  
Fruiting Branch ◽  
Cultivation Practices

Abstract Background and Aims Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is the fifth most widely produced fruit in the world. Its cultivation, mainly in tropical and sub-tropical regions, raises a number of issues such as the irregular fruit production across years, phenological asynchronisms that lead to long periods of pest and disease susceptibility, and the heterogeneity of fruit quality and maturity at harvest. To address these issues, we developed an integrative functional–structural plant model that synthesizes knowledge about the vegetative and reproductive development of the mango tree and opens up the possible simulation of cultivation practices. Methods We designed a model of architectural development in order to precisely characterize the intricate developmental processes of the mango tree. The appearance of botanical entities was decomposed into elementary stochastic events describing occurrence, intensity and timing of development. These events were determined by structural (position and fate of botanical entities) and temporal (appearance dates) factors. Daily growth and development of growth units and inflorescences were modelled using empirical distributions and thermal time. Fruit growth was determined using an ecophysiological model that simulated carbon- and water-related processes at the fruiting branch scale. Key Results The model simulates the dynamics of the population of growth units, inflorescences and fruits at the tree scale during a growing cycle. Modelling the effects of structural and temporal factors makes it possible to simulate satisfactorily the complex interplays between vegetative and reproductive development. The model allowed the characterization of the susceptibility of mango tree to pests and the investigatation of the influence of tree architecture on fruit growth. Conclusions This integrative functional–structural model simulates mango tree vegetative and reproductive development over successive growing cycles, allowing a precise characterization of tree phenology and fruit growth and production. The next step is to integrate the effects of cultivation practices, such as pruning, into the model.

scholarly journals Persimmon anthracnose: a comparative study of aggressiveness on shoot and fruit among Colletotrichum horii isolates in southern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Rezende Young Blood ◽  
Thiago de Aguiar Carraro ◽  
Josiane Gomes Figueiredo ◽  
Louise Larissa May De Mio
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
Anthracnose Disease ◽  
Persimmon Fruit ◽  
Fruit Drop

ABSTRACT: The persimmon tree is known for its rusticity and productivity and was first introduced to Brazil in the late 19th century. However, anthracnose disease is causing immature fruit drop and severe disease symptoms in persimmon fruit, shoots, flowers, and twigs. The causal agent was first described as the fungal species, Colletotrichum horii, which was first confirmed using only the ITS region. In this study, we compared the aggressiveness of 13 isolates of Colletotrichum spp. obtained from fruit and shoots of persimmon grown in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil. A multilocus molecular analysis was carried out based on ITS, GPDH, and EF genes, and we confirmed that the isolates were confirmed as C. horii. All isolates were pathogenic for unwounded and wounded persimmon fruit but differed in aggressiveness. Only one isolate was non-pathogenic when inoculated into unwounded persimmon shoots. Most isolates caused cankers and shoot death whether shoots were wounded or unwounded. In this study, we emphasized the importance of shoots as a source of primary inoculum. In future studies, it will be critical to further elucidate the epidemiological basis of anthracnose disease by conducting field studies to establish a more effective strategy for disease control.

EFFECTS OF FRUIT THINNING ON ‘SENSATION’ MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA) TREES WITH RESPECT TO FRUIT QUANTITY, QUALITY AND TREE PHENOLOGY

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. YESHITELA ◽  
P. J. ROBBERTSE ◽  
J. FIVAS
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Northern Province ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Fruit Number ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Tree Phenology

Different fruit thinning methods were tested on ‘Sensation’ mango trees over two seasons in a trial conducted in Northern Province, South Africa. The objective of the study was to select the best thinning intensity and method based on different parameters. Thinning was carried out in October prior to the occurrence of excessive natural fruit drop. When fruits were thinned to one and two fruits per panicle, fruit number, weight and yield per tree at harvest were all increased. When 50% of the panicles were thinned there was an increase in the fruit retention potential of the trees as well as in the size and quality of the fruit produced. Large fruits were, however, prone to certain physiological problems. Chemical thinning with Corasil.E produced very small fruits with an increased percentage of ‘mules’ (fruit without seed). Trees subjected to severe thinning intensities showed earlier recovery of starch reserves and better vegetative growth than the control.

Effect of biological and chemical treatments during flowering on stem-end rot, and mango yield

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Feygenberg ◽  
Sonia Diskin ◽  
Dalia Maurer ◽  
Noam Alkan
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Inflorescence Stem ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Chemical Fungicides

Pathogenic fungi, as Botryosphaeriaceae family, can penetrate during flowering and endophytically colonize the stem of mango fruit (Mangifera indica) without causing any visible symptoms. Those fungi become active during abiotic stress or fruit ripening and cause stem and inflorescence dieback or fruit stem-end rot (SER). We hypothesized that antifungal treatments during the main event of Botryosphaeriaceae penetration would reduce the disease. Initially, we showed that treatments with Switch [fludioxonil and cyprodinil] during orchard flowering (cv. Keitt and Shelly) reduced the occurrence of pathogenic fungi in the fruit stem end and significantly reduced fruit's SER. As mango orchards are sprayed weekly against powdery mildew during flowering, we combined two treatments against powdery mildew with two treatments against both powdery mildew and SER-causing pathogens. Application of biological treatments of Serenade [Bacillus subtilis] or chemical treatments of Luna Tranquility [fluopyram and pyrimethanil] or Switch during flowering in 'Shelly' and 'Keitt' mango orchards significantly reduced inflorescence/stem dieback (up to 50%) and fruit drop and significantly increased the number of fruit per tree, which led to a significant increase in yield, up to 41%, in heavily infected orchards. In addition, this application during flowering (March–April) affected postharvest fruit quality (August–September) by a significant (p<0.005) reduction of incidence and severity of stem-end rots and even fruit side rot, without affecting fruit ripening and other quality parameters. While all fungicides were effective, the chemical fungicides were more effective than the biological fungicide. Thus, changing the powdery mildew fungicide regime to control also the Botryosphaeriaceae penetration during mango orchard flowering, led to reduced inflorescence/stem dieback, reduced fruit drop, increase in yield, and minimize postharvest decay.

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