scholarly journals Pitirim Sorokin and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (31) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
David Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Organizational Response ◽  
Social Response ◽  
Human Response ◽  
Pitirim Sorokin ◽  
Political Responses ◽  
To Come

In 1942, the sociologist Pitirim Sorokin, a survivor of the post-WorldWar I pandemic, published "Man and Society in Calamity," a comparative study of the human response (including political responses) to four recurrent mass-death events. One was "pestilence." Sorokin reached many general conclusions. In Fall of 2020, the author of this paper (Wilkinson) held a seminar whose students attempted to re-evaluate Sorokin's conclusions, based upon their own experiences, observations, and mutual dialogue. In general, the seminar found that Sorokin's conclusions were mostly still applicable, but that his social theory of pestilence needed drastic changes as concerned (a) the gendered, class-based, ethnic and national distribution of pestilence and its consequences of pestilence, (b) the much-changed capacity (from 1942) for the scientific and technological response to pestilence, and (c) the much changed capacity (again, since 1942) for international-organizational response to pestilence. With these updates, Sorokin's theory of the human social response to pestilence can serve as guidance both for study and for policy in regard not only to the current pandemic, but for epidemics and pandemics yet to come.

A Comparative Study of Indoor Human Response to Blast Noise and Sonic Booms

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Schomer ◽  
John W. Sias ◽  
Domenic Maglieri
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Human Response ◽  
Sonic Booms

scholarly journals Decomposition of Cyanide from Gold Leaching Tailingsby Using Sodium Metabisulphite and Hydrogen Peroxide

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dongzhuang Hou ◽  
Lang Liu ◽  
Qixing Yang ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Huafu Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Gold Mine ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Gold Leaching ◽  
Sodium Metabisulphite ◽  
To Come

Cyanidation is widely used by most gold mine worldwide and will remain prevail in years (or decades) to come, while cyanide is hazardous, toxic pollutants whose presence in wastewater and tailings can seriously affect human and its environment; hence, it is necessary to control these contaminants. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects through the investigation of changes in pH, concentration, and contact time, and the optimal conditions were obtained. It has been proven that the decomposition of cyanide in solution and tailings increased as the alkalinity in the presence of 0.5 g/L Na2S2O5. An increase in H2O2 (30%) concentration (from 1 to 4 mL/L) increased the decomposition in solution, while the effect on removing cyanide was better when pH was 9 than 8 and 10 in tailings. The cyanide in tailings decreased in the first 4 h and increased after 4 h. The effective and economic conditions for maximum decomposition of cyanide from leach tailings are first treated in 0.5 g/L Na2S2O5 at pH 10 for 3 hours and then 2 mL/L H2O2 (30%) is added to the tailings at pH 9 for 4 hours through comparative study. The findings provide the basis to optimize the decomposition of cyanide from gold leaching tailings in mining or backfilling by using the synergetic effect of Na2S2O5 and H2O2.

A Comparative Study of Ti/Low-k HSQ (Hydrogen Silsesquioxane) and Ti/TEOS (Tetraethylorthosilicate) Structures at Elevated Temperatures

2000 ◽  
Vol 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxiao Zeng ◽  
Linghui Chen ◽  
T. L. Alford
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Hydrogen Silsesquioxane ◽  
Titanium Layer ◽  
To Come ◽  
Al Metallization ◽  
Interconnect Technology ◽  
Low K

AbstractFor the benefit of reducing capacitance in multilevel interconnect technology, low-k dielectric HSQ (hydrogen silsesquioxane) has been used as a gapfill material in Al-metallization- based non-etchback embedded scheme. The vias are consequently fabricated through the HSQ layer followed by W plug deposition. In order to reduce the extent of via poisoning and achieve good W/Al contact, thin Ti/TiN stack films are typically deposited before via plug deposition. In this case, HSQ makes direct contact with the Ti layer. The reliability of the Ti/HSQ structures at elevated temperatures has been systematically studied in this work by using a variety of techniques. These results are also compared with those from Ti/TEOS (Tetraethylorthosilicate) structure, where TEOS is a conventional intra-metal dielectric. When the temperature is below 550 °C, a significant number of oxygen atoms are observed to diffuse into the titanium layer. The primary source of oxygen is believed to come from the HSQ film. When the temperature is above 550 °C, HSQ starts to react with Ti. At 700 °C, a TiO/Ti5Si3/HSQ stack structure forms. The Ti/HSQ system exhibits a higher reactivity than that of the Ti/TEOS system.

Various Logically Optimized D Flip Flop Circuits-A Comparative Study in Submicron Technology

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijit Asthana ◽  
Shyam Akashe
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Leakage Power ◽  
Simulation Test ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
Chip Area ◽  
Low Leakage ◽  
Signal Systems ◽  
To Come ◽  
Power Delay Product

D-Flip Flop (D_FF) is a very important component of various digital, analog and mixed signal systems and designs. It is obvious to come up with optimized D_FF, that cater the needs of low leakage power, less power dissipation, less chip area on the chip and low delays. This paper presents a comparative study of various logically optimized circuits of D_FF using 8T, 11T, 12T and conventional 18T D_FF. The simulation, test circuits, schematics & layouts etc are done on Cadence Virtuoso tool in 180 nm technology. Designs are compared on grounds of power dissipation, leakage power, delays and power delay product.

Comparative Labour Law

2019 ◽  
pp. 1109-1136
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Finkin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Full Circle ◽  
Labour Policy ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Academic Study

This article proceeds in four stages. First, it takes up the emergence of labour law and its comparative offspring as a discipline. Second, it provides a crude taxonomy of comparative labour law scholarship. Third, it treats the role comparativism has played in the development of national labour policy from the nineteenth century to the present. Fourth, and to come full circle, it situates the comparative study with respect to the contemporary quandary of labour law as a discipline. Comparative labour law was born fast upon the construction of labour law as a subject of instruction and academic study. Even from the beginning, however, it was far from clear what labour law was. Today, that question has recrudesced: labour law is a discipline in search of an identity and, to some, a future. Consequently, attention rightly turns first to the root of which comparative study is a branch.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary cholesterol in the Mongolian gerbil and the rat: a comparative study

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Temmerman ◽  
R. J. Vonk ◽  
K. Niezen-Koning ◽  
R. Berger ◽  
J. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Mongolian Gerbil ◽  
Cholesterol Ester ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Hepatic Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Feeding ◽  
Acidic Steroid ◽  
To Come ◽  
Steroid Excretion ◽  
Low Cholesterol

To come to a better understanding of the diet-induced cholesterol-ester storage in the gerbil liver, the reactions of the gerbil to 0·2% of cholesterol in the diet during 4 weeks were compared with those of the rat consuming the same diet. The major reason for the increased hepatic cholesterol-ester storage in the cholesterol-fed gerbil is the low cholesterol turnover in this species. This contrasts with the rat. Although faecal acidic steroid excretion can be slightly increased during cholesterol feeding in the gerbil, this increase is not sufficient to compensate for the quantity of dietary cholesterol when administered at the 0·2% level.

scholarly journals TO BE OR NOT TO BE, THE CONCLUSION OF THE HANDWRITING EXPERTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 959-969
Author(s):  
V. Bandurko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Interested Party ◽  
False Conclusion ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right ◽  
Legal Consequences

The thesis is aimed at considering situations that arise during the performance of handwriting examinations in which conclusions are possible that have various legal consequences for the parties to the trial. This is because of the fact that when assigning a handwriting examination, there are situations when a small number of signature samples are provided for a comparative study or the interested party of the torturer misleads the expert by providing false signature samples. By carefully studying the case materials, the expert manages to establish additional samples of signatures, which are not mentioned in the document on the appointment of a handwriting examination. It helps the expert to determine and come to a categorical conclusion which case the signature in the document under study was affixed not by the person himself, but by another person. Or confirm the fact with one hundred percent certainty that the signature was made by one of the relatives. In such cases, if it were not for additional samples from the case materials, it is possible for an expert to come to a false conclusion. The question may arise whether the expert violates sub-clause 3, clause 2.3. Instructions, the expert is prohibited from: “independently collecting materials that are subject to research, as well as choosing outgoing data for the examination, if they are displayed ambiguously in the materials provided to him/her”. But clause 2.1. of the Instruction state that the expert has the right to indicate in his conclusion the facts revealed during the examination that are significant for the case, but regarding which he/she was not asked questions and the circumstances that contributed (could contribute) to the commission of the offense.

Legal Continuity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimer Sultany
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Critical Legal Theory ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Revolution

This chapter critiques the binary dichotomy between the concepts of “continuity” and “rupture” within theoretical conceptualizations of the law. Whereas legal theories such as Kelsen’s emphasize rupture, theories such as Dworkin’s emphasize continuity. These theories fail to account for legal continuity and rupture because the law is neither a gapless system nor a coherent whole. Building on the comparative study of the role of law during revolutions, the chapter shows that a revolution maintains varying levels of legal rupture and continuity with the pre-existing legal order. Building on critical legal theory and social theory, it argues that the relation between revolution and legality cannot be represented systematically because law—whether prior to or after the revolution—is incoherent and thus generates a plurality of voices.

A Comparative Study of Human Response, Indoors, to Blast Noise and Sonic Booms

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Schomer ◽  
John W. Sias ◽  
Domenic Maglieri
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Human Response ◽  
Sonic Booms
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document