scholarly journals GEOCHEMICAL PECULIARITIES OF TOP PEAT IN MIDDLE TAIGA OF THE PRE-OB REGION

2012 ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Yu. N. Vodyanitsky ◽  
A. T. Savichev ◽  
N. F. Avetov ◽  
S. Ya. Trofimov ◽  
S. A. Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Geochemical Anomaly ◽  
Mountain Systems

The top peat in middle taiga of the Pre-Ob region represents a highly negative geochemical anomaly of several chemical elements as compared to that in southern taiga located in the middle and upper parts of this region. Obviously, due to close location of mountain systems (Altai, Salair ridge, Kuznetsk Alatau) and the aerial dust transfer the top peat in southern taiga is enriched with the major metals; this process is unachievable for the remote middle part of the Pre-Ob region.

scholarly journals Variability in methane emissions from West Siberia's shallow boreal lakes on a regional scale and its environmental controls

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 3715-3742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr F. Sabrekov ◽  
Benjamin R. K. Runkle ◽  
Mikhail V. Glagolev ◽  
Irina E. Terentieva ◽  
Victor M. Stepanenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pore Space ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Boreal Lakes ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Environmental Controls

Abstract. Small lakes represent an important source of atmospheric CH4 from northern wetlands. However, spatiotemporal variations in flux magnitudes and the lack of knowledge about their main environmental controls contribute large uncertainty into the global CH4 budget. In this study, we measured methane fluxes from small lakes using chambers and bubble traps. Field investigations were carried out in July–August 2014 within the West Siberian middle and southern taiga zones. The average and median of measured methane chamber fluxes were 0.32 and 0.30 mgCH4 m−2 h−1 for middle taiga lakes and 8.6 and 4.1 mgCH4 m−2 h−1 for southern taiga lakes, respectively. Pronounced flux variability was found during measurements on individual lakes, between individual lakes and between zones. To analyze these differences and the influences of environmental controls, we developed a new dynamic process-based model. It shows good performance with emission rates from the southern taiga lakes and poor performance for individual lakes in the middle taiga region. The model shows that, in addition to well-known controls such as temperature, pH and lake depth, there are significant variations in the maximal methane production potential between these climatic zones. In addition, the model shows that variations in gas-filled pore space in lake sediments are capable of controlling the total methane emissions from individual lakes. The CH4 emissions exhibited distinct zonal differences not only in absolute values but also in their probability density functions: the middle taiga lake fluxes were best described by a lognormal distribution while the southern taiga lakes followed a power-law distribution. The latter suggests applicability of self-organized criticality theory for methane emissions from the southern taiga zone, which could help to explain the strong variability within individual lakes.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS L. TRUNK DIAMETER BASED ON STUMP DIAMETER IN DIFFERENT BOREAL CONIFEROUS FOREST CONDITIONS OF PERMSKII KRAI (RUSSIA)

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr ROMANOV ◽  
Victoria BUTORINA
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Trunk Diameter

Sometimes there are situations when it is necessary to determine the size of cutlogs in the logging area in its absence. Mostly such situations arise in the detectionof illegal logging. They can also occur in the case legal harvesting, when the tenantof a forest plot does not receive the scheduled volumes of timber for which he paidthe money. In this case, the diameters of the felled trees are determined by the treestumps. Recalculation of diameters is carried out on special tables developed in theearly 20th century. Studies conducted in Krasnoyarsk, Khabarovsk, Bryansk(Russia), Gomel (Belarus), showed the need to refine the data of scaling tables forlocal conditions. Large discrepancies between actual and tabular trees appear withthe increasing diameter of the tree. Studies of the relation of the formation of thebutt log of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the Perm region was carried out in 2015-2016. Forest plots were selected in different forest types of the middle taiga(Nirobskii forestry) and southern taiga (Perm urban forestry). Measurement of treeswas carried out in pure pine stands at the age of 75-130 years. The stand density ofthe plantings was of 0.6-0.8. In each forest type the replication of studies wasthreefold. Studies have shown that trunks of pines formed a fuller bole in the Permregion, than the established scaling tables. For trees 40cm in diameter,recalculation leads to underestimation of the pine tree trunk diameter by 1-2diameter class. That is understating the actual volume of felled tree by (16-20 %).There were no significant differences in the formation of the pine bole between theforest zones or by the corresponding types of forest. Also, there were no significantdifferences between forest types, which allows using a single conversion scale forthe taiga part of the Perm Territory. Due to the fact that the relative completenessof the comparative stands were close, the influence of the distance between thetrees on the development of the butt of pine trunks was not detected.

Classification of boreal forests in the North of European Russia. I. Oligotrophic coniferous forests

2007 ◽  
pp. 61-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Morozova ◽  
L. B. Zaugolnova ◽  
L. G. Isaeva ◽  
V. A. Kostina
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

Results of a syntaxonomical study of the oligotrophic forests of northern European Russia are presented. The main forest types have been classified into 2 orders of the class Vaccinio-Piceetea, 4 alliances, 6 associations and 1 community. The new alliance Empetro-Piceion all. nov., which includes zonal spruce and birch northern forest association Empetro-Piceetum, has been established. These communities are formed according to cold temperature and high (sometimes temporarily) soil moisture and are characterized by the lower tree canopy, mosaic herb and moss-lichen layers with boreal mosses, sphagnum and lichens. In the middle taiga subzone these communities are replaced by Eu-Piceetum myrtilletosum. The forests with lichens are referred to order Cladonio-Vaccinietalia and divided into 4 associations. Lichen pine forests of the north-west of boreal zone were described as ass. Flavocetrario nivalis—Pinetum ass. nov. This association with a great number of lichens is differentiated by Cladonia arbuscula subsp. mitis, Flavocetraria nivalis, Cetraria ericetorum, Stereocaulon grande, Dicranum fuscescens, D. drummondii, Nephroma arcticum and species of Cladonia. The ass. Cadonio arbusculae—Pinetum (Caj. 1921) K.-Lund 1967 contains lichen pine forests with lower number of lichens and is distributed mostly in middle part of the taiga zone. The spruce-pine forests with mixed moss-lichen cover correspond to ass. Vaccinio-Pinetum. Ass. Hedysaro-Laricetum represents rich and well differentiated larch forests in the east of European Russia.

Microelement mobile forms in southern taiga landscapes of the Central Forest State Biosphere Nature Reserve (Russia)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polina Enchilik ◽  
Elena Aseeva ◽  
Ivan Semenkov ◽  
Olga Samonova ◽  
Anastasia Iovcheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Mobile Element ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Plant Soil

<p>We investigated the vertical and spatial distribution of chemical elements (ChEs) in four cross-sections within a catena formed in typical southern taiga on Retiosols , underlying loess  loams and carbonate moraine deposits. Catena located in the Tver' region (Russia). In plants (70 samples, 19 species) and soils (31 samples), the total content of the ChEs was determined by mass spectrometry. In soil samples, we measured pH, grain size and levels of ChE mobile fractions (exchangeable (F1), bound to organic complexes (F2) and bound to Fe and Mn hydroxides (F3).</p><p>In the A-horizons the average total concentration of Fe is 1,2%, Ti – 0,33%; Mn – 482 mg‧kg-1, Zr–292, Sr–90, Zn–39, Cr–21, Pb–21, Ni–9, Cu–8. The concentration of metal F1 diminishes in order: Fe>Mn>Sr>Zn, Pb>Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Co, Zr. The concentrations of F2 and F3 show the following order: Fe>Mn>>Ti, Zr, Pb>Co>Ni, Cu, Zn>Cr, Sr and Fe>Mn>Ti>Zn, Sr, Pb>Cr>Cu, Ni, Co>Zr, respectively.</p><p>In all studied Retisols, vertical distribution of the total Pb and Zr, F1 of Co, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn, F2 of Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn, F3 of Pb accumulate in topsoil. For the total Co, Fe, Ni, Sr and Zn, F1 of Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn and Zr, F2 of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Zr and F3 of Co, Cr, Cu, Ti, Zn, Zr the loss from the albic horizons and/or the accumulation in the argic horizons were registered.</p><p>Spatial distribution of the total concentration of ChEs increases in the A-horizon in the upper part of the catena slope position. In the A-horizons at footslope and toeslope positions, the concentration of F1 Ni, Cu, Sr and Zr, F2 Ni, Cu and Zn increases, and the concentration F2 of Co, Cr, Pb, Ti and Zn, F2 of Cr, Ti and Co, F3 of Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb, Zr decreases.</p><p>Ratios calculated on the basis of the total and mobile element content were applied to evaluate biogenic migration of ChEs with different biophilicity in the "plant-soil" system. According to soil-to-plant transfer ratios, Mn, Zn and Cd are actively involved in biological accumulation. Participation in biological accumulation of Mn and Zn was noted in many works (Avessalomova, 2007; Isachenkova, Tarzayeva, 2006, Kadata-Pendias, Szteke, 2015)</p><p>Mn and Zn have important physiological significance in plants; they actively migrate in plant tissues. Cd is not a necessary ChEs for plants but is easily absorbed by the root system and leaves (Kabata-Pendias, 2011). Cationic elements (Cd and Zn) have high mobility in the soils (Jen-How Huang, 2011). Our results indicate that in the reference forest communities, tree species play the major role in the uptake and turnover of biophilic microelements (Mn, Zn, Co) while sphagnum moss and grassy covers mostly absorb the elements with low biophilicity (Fe, Ti, Cr, Zr, Pb). Metabolic pathways carry out the absorption of Fe and Cr (Kabata-Pendias, 2011).</p>

scholarly journals Decomposition of Sphagnum mosses in Western Siberia bog ecosystems (on the example of Sphagnum fuscum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 928 (1) ◽  
pp. 012014
Author(s):  
E K Vishnyakova
Keyword(s):  
Decay Rate ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
First Year ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mass Losses ◽  
Sphagnum Fuscum ◽  
Dynamic Decomposition

Abstract On the base of experiments there were recorded the greatest mass losses of Sphagnum fuscum samples flat palsa mires in the first year of experiment, in the following years decay rate decreased significantly (from 24 % to 16 %). On middle taiga bogs there was observed decay rate increasing over the third year while on southern taiga bogs Sphagnum fuscum was decomposed almost evenly over three years. On ridges of ridge-hollow complex of middle taiga and southern taiga mass losses under destruction were greater than those in ryams. The most dynamic decomposition was recorded for forest-steppe ryam with decay mass losses over three years of 56% average.

scholarly journals To The Characteristic Of Cenopopulations Dactylorhiza Dactylorhiza Fuchsii (Druce) Soo Of The Middle And Southern Taiga

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012025
Author(s):  
N V Kosolapova ◽  
Yu V Gudovskikh ◽  
T L Egoshina ◽  
A V Kislitsyna ◽  
E A Luginina
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Vegetation Analysis ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Soil Factors

Abstract The article presents materials on the ecological and phytocenotic characteristics of Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soo in the southern and middle taiga phytocenoses of the Kirov region. In the course of the study, the typical habitats of the species were established. Vegetation analysis carried out using phytoindication scales by D.N. Tsyganov (1983), made it possible to establish fragments of ecological niches in the conditions of the southern and middle taiga. It was found that in the middle taiga phytocenoses, the species is more sensitive to changes in soil factors given by the researcher than in the southern taiga. Analysis of vegetation in terms of hemerobicity indicates the relative resistance of the species to anthropogenic impact.

scholarly journals The emission of methane: ideology and methodology of «Standard model» for Western Siberia

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1S) ◽  
pp. 176-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
M V Glagolev
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Methane Flux ◽  
Northern Taiga ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Empirical Distributions ◽  
Natural Zone ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Wetland Types

The “standard model” consist on a) typical empirical distributions of CH 4 emission for main wetland landscapes in each natural zone of Western Siberia; b) durations of “period of CH 4-emission” (Tundra - 103 days, Forest-Tundra - 120 days, Northern Taiga - 138 days, Middle Taiga - 166 days, Southern Taiga - 172 days, Subtaiga - 193 days, and Forested steppe - 201 days); c) areas of different wetland types in each zone. For accounting future improvements we denominate this model by the code, for example: “Aa1” (first letter denominate the used period of CH 4-emission, second letter - the used areas of wetlands, and third - typical values of methane flux). New estimation of the regional methane emission from West Siberian wetlands (4.9 ± 2.3 Тg/year or 3.7 ± 1.7 ТgС/year) was calculated from “standard model” Aa1.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Classification of Geographical Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 125-153
Author(s):  
A. K. Cherkashin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Hierarchy Formation ◽  
Local Coordinates ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Different Levels

A hierarchical system is the result of dividing a set of objects into subordinate groups in order from highest to lowest, where each lower level reveals and clarifies the properties of objects at a higher level. There is a difference between the natural hierarchy of geosystems-geochors and the hierarchy of geomers, which leads to taxonomic classification. Theoretical basis for creating a hierarchical classification of geosystems are developed using a conceptual model of geographical cycles of accumulation and removal of factor load on territorial objects of various scales. The cone of chorological and typological connections is considered as the basic metamodel of hierarchical structure. For its research, we use descriptive geometry tools to represent the cone in the vertical and horizontal (plan) projections. The surface and unfolding structures of the cone with sections at different levels reflect the hierarchy. The planned projection in the form of concentric structures is considered as model of the archetype of hierarchy formation. The horological and typological classifications converge in the position “natural zone” as the “parent core” of the type of natural environment, which represents the zonal norm. The concentric model has various interpretations, in particular, it is described as a system of local coordinates, where each coordinate corresponds to the categories of seriality of geosystems, i.e. the degree of their factoral-dynamic variability relatively to zonal geosystems. In the coordinate approach, the classification looks like a ranked set of merons and taxa, where the meron categories are represented by quantum numbers of the coordinate series, and the taxon is a sequence of such numbers of different series (numeric code). The formation of hierarchical classification is based on the triad principle, when the taxon of the upper level is divided into three lower level gradations, which are arranged in a homological series according to the degree of seriality. There is an analogy between the hierarchical structure of the periodic system of chemical elements and the typological classification of geosystems, when the periods of the system of elements correspond to the high-altitude layers and latitudinal zones of geochor placement or hierarchical levels of geomer classification. An unfolding and plan projection of the classification cone of facies for the Prichunsky landscape of the southern taiga of Central Siberia in three basic categories of variability of different levels geomers are presented.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF LOCAL BACKGROUND CONTENT OF SOME MACRO- AND MICROELEMENTS IN THE SOILS OF THE PERM REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Dziuba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Local Background ◽  
Background Content ◽  
Perm Region

According to the V.I. Vernadsky law, chemical elements are distributed unevenly in natural objects. Knowledge of the content of chemical elements in a particular area helps in solving various environmental problems. As a result of economic activity, there occurs anthropogenic transformation of the natural environment, including changes in the geochemical properties of landscapes. For an objective assessment of the anthropogenic impact when studying various territories, it is necessary to take into account the background content of macro- and microelements. Since there is a constant anthropogenic impact on the natural environment, the data on background content must be updated. The article presents the results of the content study conducted for some macro- and microelements (Sr, Pb, As, Zn, Ni, Co, Fe2O3, MnO, Cr, V, TiO2) in landscapes in the Perm region. To determine the content of these elements, the method of X-ray fluorescence analysis was applied. As a result, the geochemical specialization of the region and its natural areas (Northern Urals, Western Urals, Middle Taiga, South Taiga, Mixed Coniferous-broad-leaved Forests and Kungur forest-steppe) was determined, geochemical series were constructed, accumulating and dispersing elements were identified. The local background content of the studied elements was determined for each natural area and also the Perm region as a whole. The data obtained can be used to assess the anthropogenic impact on the natural environment.

scholarly journals Budget chemical elements in bog ecosystems middle taiga Western Siberia

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natal'ya Pavlovna Kosykh ◽  
Nina Petrovna Mironycheva-Tokareva ◽  
Evgeniya Konstantinovna Parshina ◽  
N P Kosykh ◽  
N P Mironycheva-Tokareva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Bog Ecosystems

На основе экспериментальных данных сделан расчет бюджета питательных элементов в болотных экосистемах средней тайги Западной Сибири. Приводятся новые данные о запасах углерода и питательных элементов в живой и мертвой фитомассе, продукции и изменение запасов элементов при разложении и в процессе ресинтеза. Запасы элементов определяются величиной фитомассы и увеличиваются в ряду экосистем: олиготрофные мочажины→ гряды → мезотрофные топи → рямы. Запасы элементов в болотных экосистемах увеличиваются в 2 - 4 раза при переходе из фитомассы в мортмассу. Потребление химических элементов увеличивается с увеличением чистой первичной продукции. Отмечена зависимость потери элементов при разложении от величины продукции, с увеличением продукции потери увеличиваются, при этом концентрации элементов уменьшаются. В процессе ресинтеза 5 - 22% N, 6 - 15% P и 25 - 36% K от потребления возвращается в экосистему. Все отмеченные особенности зависят от типа экосистемы, видового состава сообщества и химического состава растений.

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