scholarly journals The degree of Intensivity of Solonetzic Process Within the Virgin Soils and Soils with agrogenic transformation in Solonetzic complexes of frores-steppe and dry steppe zones

2016 ◽  
pp. 46-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. N. Lyubimova ◽  
I. A. Salpagarova ◽  
V. V. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Different Content ◽  
Solonetzic Process

The comparative assessment of the degree of solonetzic processes was conducted for the soils of solonetzic complexes in forest steppe and dry steppe zones. We analized virgin solonetzes and solonetzes affected by the agrogenic transformation with different content of exchangeable sodium and with different hydromorphism degree from Kostanai (Kazakhstan Republic), Astrakhan, Voronezh, Volgograd, Omsk, and Novosibirsk regions. We investigated meliorated solonetzes as with completely destructed profile, and with partically preserved solonetzic layer. For that purposes we used special B- grade, suggested by N.B. Khitrov. It is shown that solonetzic process is poorly manifested in virgin automorphic soils of dry steppe zone. The physical and chemical properties which are created after melioration do not encourage the restoration of solonetzic process. The solonetzic process in meadow-steppe solonetzes of dry steppe and, especially, forest steppe zones is active at the present moment. The melioration improves the properties of these soils, but it is insufficient for the destruction of physical and chemical conditions favourable for restoration of solonetzic process. The difference in post-meliorative development of solonetzes is stipulated by the initial degree of manifestation of solonetzic process in virgin soils at the present.

scholarly journals The Biogeochemistry of Lantanides in Soils

2016 ◽  
pp. 101-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. N. Vodyanitskii ◽  
O. B. Rogova
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Fold Level ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
High Sorption ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The lithogenous minerals containing lantanides (Ln) are unsustainable within the zone of hypergenesis. Their dilution impoverish soils in terms of lantanides content, especially in humid regions. In conditions of neutral environmental pH in dry steppe zone, the lantanides loose their mobility, and, hence, become unavailable for plants. The lantanides are characterized by the high biochemical and biological activity. The physiologic impact of lantanides on plants is set. The separate parts of vascular plants accumulate lantanides in different degree. The difference may reach 100-fold level. For many plants the accumulation of lantanides occurs at the reverse order: roots > leaves > stalks > grain/fruits. Lantanides accumulators (such as brackens), promote their accumulation within the humus layer of soils. Fertilizers with lantanides are widely implemented in China. They powder seeds and implement top dressing in soils with lantanides deficit, i.e., with low bulk content and/or with low availability for plants. Although at moderate increasing of Ln concentration in solution, there is often observed the increasing of the crop yield in laboratory conditions. However, the implementation of lantanides in the soil does not always give the positive effect. The main share of Ln in the soils with high sorption capacity is sorbed, and the increasing of doses leads to the decrease of the yield. The light lantanides are characterized by physical and chemical properties equal to Cа2+. And the mass replacement of Cа2+ by lantanides harms the development of plants. The high doses of lantanides have a negative impact on the biochemical processes in plants. The competition with iron and phosphorus is stipulated by the close solubility of iron and lanthanum phosphates: the accumulation of La in plants tissues affects the content of P and Fe within them.

scholarly journals Optimization of fertility indices of podzolic soils via cultivation of phytomeliorants

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Yu. Tsapko ◽  
A. Ohorodnia
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Soil Colloid ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To determine and estimate the impact of phytopotential of cultivated plants on the fertility indices of podzolic soils, the main factors, limiting the performance of crops, and to establish economic effi ciency of cultivating phytomeliorants, different in their physiological properties. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical-statistical. Results. Comprehensive four-year-long studies (2013–2017) established that the optimization of physical and chemical properties of podzolic soils is achieved via the application of phytomeliorant measures. First and foremost, these measures are aimed at preventing the decalcifi cation of soils, i.e. they condition the accumulation of an active Са 2+ ion, which promotes improving the soil characteristics due to progressing development of cumulative soil genesis. It was established that with the mass of alfalfa roots of 9.7 t/ha and sainfoin of 9.9 t/ha, the 0–100 cm layer of podzolic chernozem contains 148.6 and 109.2 kg/ha СаО respectively. Enriching the root-containing layer of soil with calcium compounds promotes replenishing the soil with active calcium, thus ensuring the optimization of the lime potential (pH – 0.5pCa). The latter affects both the acid-alkaline balance and the regulation of physical and chemical processes in soil. It was established that after three years of phytomelioration, the soil in variants with perennial grasses is characterized with higher buffer against acid-alkaline load compared to the control variant which is confi rmed with the indices of acid-alkaline buffer. Taking the abovementioned into consideration, one may assume that the very increase in the activity of calcium is one of buffer mechanisms of soil against acidifi cation. It was proven that phytomelioration is effi cient in terms of improving physical properties of soils, and soil structure, in particular, due to the decrease in the number of dusty and lumpy fractions. It was established that due to phytomeliorant measures the saturation of soil-colloid absorbing complex with calcium ensures intense improvement of water resistance of aggregates for two years. It was proven that optimal values of soil composition density for most crops of the Forest-Steppe zone may be achieved while cultivating Sudan grass for one year. The improvement of the main indices of soil fertility via phytomeliorative measures led to the increase in the performance of corn and barley and improvement of quality properties of grain. Conclusions. Phytomeliorative technology of cultivating podzolic soils ensures the balanced use of soils with simultaneous orientation towards preservation of resources, ecological safety and supplying the population with stable yield of crops with high quality of products.

scholarly journals Influence of the Bottom Color Modification and Material Color Modification Process on the Performance of Modified Poplar

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Qingqing Liu ◽  
Di Gao ◽  
Wei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Target Color ◽  
Modification Process ◽  
Red Color ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Surface Differentiation ◽  
Color Modification ◽  
And Chemical Properties

According to the old surface coating process of European and American furniture, the surface of modified poplar is first differentiated pre-treatment, and then the bottom color modification and material color modification are respectively applied to the modified poplar after the surface differentiation treatment. The visual physical quantity and physical and chemical properties were measured and compared with mahogany, which is commonly used in old furniture in Europe and America to explore the effect of colorants and coloring steps, as well as different surface pretreatments on the coloring effect. Finally, it is concluded that continuous coloring operations can narrow the difference in brightness and red color value in the coloring layer of modified poplar and mahogany. Continuous coloring operations increase the difference between the yellow-green color values of modified poplar and mahogany. Therefore, the coloring difference between modified poplar and mahogany was affected by the colorant and coloring steps. Through color accumulation, the gap between the two in the target color coloring effect can be reduced, thereby reducing the difference between the coloring effect of modified poplar and mahogany.

scholarly journals Molecular gas in the northern nucleus of Mrk 273: Physical and chemical properties of the disc and its outflow

2018 ◽  
Vol 617 ◽  
pp. A20 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Aladro ◽  
S. König ◽  
S. Aalto ◽  
E. González-Alfonso ◽  
N. Falstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Dense Gas ◽  
Dynamical Mass ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
Dust Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Aiming to characterise the properties of the molecular gas in the ultra-luminous infrared galaxy Mrk 273 and its outflow, we used the NOEMA interferometer to image the dense-gas molecular tracers HCN, HCO+, HNC, HOC+ and HC3N at ∼86 GHz and ∼256 GHz with angular resolutions of 4ʺ̣9 × 4ʺ̣5 (∼3.7 × 3.4 kpc) and 0ʺ̣61 × 0ʺ̣55 (∼460 × 420 pc). We also modelled the flux of several H2O lines observed with Herschel using a radiative transfer code that includes excitation by collisions and far-infrared photons. The disc of the Mrk 273 north nucleus has two components with decoupled kinematics. The gas in the outer parts (R ∼ 1.5 kpc) rotates with a south-east to north-west direction, while in the inner disc (R ∼ 300 pc) follows a north-east to south-west rotation. The central 300 pc, which hosts a compact starburst region, is filled with dense and warm gas, and contains a dynamical mass of (4 −5) × 109 M⊙, a luminosity of L′HCN = (3–4) × 108 K km s−1 pc2, and a dust temperature of 55 K. At the very centre, a compact core with R ∼ 50 pc has a luminosity of LIR = 4 × 1011 L⊙ (30% of the total infrared luminosity), and a dust temperature of 95 K. The core is expanding at low velocities ∼50–100 km s−1, probably affected by the outflowing gas. We detect the blue-shifted component of the outflow, while the red-shifted counterpart remains undetected in our data. Its cold and dense phase reaches fast velocities up to ∼1000 km s−1, while the warm outflowing gas has more moderate maximum velocities of ∼600 km s−1. The outflow is compact, being detected as far as 460 pc from the centre in the northern direction, and has a mass of dense gas ≤8 × 108 M⊙. The difference between the position angles of the inner disc (∼70°) and the outflow (∼10°) indicates that the outflow is likely powered by the AGN, and not by the starburst. Regarding the chemistry in Mrk 273, we measure an extremely low HCO+/HOC+ ratio of 10 ± 5 in the inner disc of Mrk 273.

Study on the Properties and Application of Optim™ Fine Fibers

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 2561-2564
Author(s):  
Jiang Wei Yao ◽  
Wei Dong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Wool Fabric ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Performance Difference ◽  
Merino Wool ◽  
Fine Fiber ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Optim™ fine is a new generation of ultrafine wool fibres, which are transformed by stretching and setting from merino wool. The Optim™ fine retains some of the physical and chemical properties of merino wool, but the morphology and other properties changes, such as the diameter, length, lusture, breaking extension and shrinkage. These changes results in the performance difference btween the fabric woven from Optim™ fine and fine wool fiber. To clearly understande the reason of the difference, the morphological and physical properties changes of Optim™ fine was examined in this paper, and the performance difference between wool fabric and Optim™ fine fabric was evaluated by Fabric Assurance by Simple Testing(FAST). It was found that the decreasing in breaking extension and increasing in shrinkage of Optim™ fine resulted in the declining in formability and dimensional stability of Optim™ fine fabric. Suggestions on the ways of constructing Optim™ fine into fabric were also given according to the anlysis of relationship between the properties changes of Optim™ fine fiber and that of its fabric.

scholarly journals Adaptive Control of a Nonlinear Convertiplane under Conditions of Uncertainty

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
S. F. Yatsun ◽  
O. V. Emelyanova ◽  
Andres Santiago Martinez Leon ◽  
Luis Miguel Mosquera Morocho
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Control System ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Visual Contact ◽  
Hardware System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Purpose of research. The article deals with the problem of monitoring water areas in order to control their physical and chemical conditions using a flying laboratory (FL) which includes an aircraft with attachable water intake equipment and a software and hardware system. A specific feature of the monitoring of surface waters is the unpredictable behavior of air and water, periodic absence of visual contact with the aircraft, the uncertainty of tricopter characteristics. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to study the parameters of the control system (CS) to meet the requirements for the accuracy of aircraft positioning in conditions of uncertainty of external parameters. Methods. Theoretical mechanics and robot mechanics methods were used to solve the set tasks. Methods for mathematical modeling of dynamic systems were used to study the patterns of convertiplane movement. Adaptive control with a reference model were used to plan and control the movement of the aircraft. Results. The use of adaptive FL motion control made it possible to ensure convergence to zero of the tracking errors i.e., the difference between the output signals and the reference model. The proposed control system gives a good result with small disturbing effects. The parameters of the regulator that ensure the quality indicators of the ACS within the specified limits are determined. Conclusion. A mathematical model was developed and mathematical modeling of the convertiplane movement under conditions of uncertainty of external influences was performed. The problem of parameter control of a convertiplane was considered when the control coefficients were available for setting. The developed algorithms in the adaptive control system made it possible to provide faster suppression of external disturbances in comparison with the traditional PID control system for the case of a linear description of the controlled object.

scholarly journals The role of variety and forecrop in the population dynamics of Rhizoctonia solani in soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
A. A. Malyuga ◽  
N. S. Chulikova
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Peaks

Long-term studies (2014–2019) of the population dynamics of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Küch. were carried out in the soil on the Purple Majesty, Vitelotte and Fioletovy potato varieties and preceding crops (potatoes, oats and tendergreen). The study was carried out in Novosibirsk region in the soil and climatic conditions typical of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. To study the peculiarities of R. solani fungus population dynamics in potato plantations, soil samples were taken from under the plants during the entire growing season. The accumulation of rhizoctonia propagules in the soil was determined using the method of multiple soil pellets. The difference in the amount and rate of accumulation of the fungus R. solani on different varieties, as well as the influence of previous crops on this process, was established. Two peaks of the fungus accumulation were observed on the Purple Majesty variety: the first (48.7 propagules/100 g of soil) – during the full germination period, the second (57.2 propagules/100 g of soil) – at the end of the crop maturation phase. One peak was observed in the population dynamics of the fungus on Vitelotte and Fioletovy varieties, at the end of the ripening period (59.0 and 49.1 propagules/100 g soil, respectively). The smallest amount of R. solani fungus in the soil on average during the growing season was noted on the Fioletovy variety – 33.3 propagules/100 g of soil. In the Purple Majesty and Vitelotte varieties, this figure was 41.5 and 40.4 propagules/100 g of soil, respectively. When potato variety Agata was cultivated as monoculture, there was a rapid and significant accumulation of the fungus R. solani in the soil (from 34.6 to 126.8 propagules/100 g of soil). When this variety was cultivated following tendergreen or oats, the amount of the pathogen varied to a lesser extent (25.1–52.2 and 19.8–41.0 propagules/100 g of soil, respectively). No sharp increases in the number of propagative structures of the phytopathogen in the soil were noted.

scholarly journals The effect of genotype and lactation on yield and physicochemical properties of ewe milk

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.Z. Ilic ◽  
A. Jevtic-Vukmirovic ◽  
Caro Petrovic ◽  
M.P. Petrovic ◽  
M.M. Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Minimal Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lactation Duration ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Two genotype of sheep have been utilized in the conduct of the experiment composed of 60 ewes from Pirot x Virtemberg as genotype 1 and 60 ewes of Improved Pirot as genotype 2. All the ewes were reared under identical conditions and without any differences in nutrition and management during the whole period under study. The collection of Milk sampling was done in morning and evening during periods (1, 2, 3) of lactation duration. The average lactation duration and average total milk of the two genotypes were very close and has a minimal difference of 0.467 day and 1.562 kg, in favor of genotype 2. The differences between genotypes were not significant (P>0,05). Regarding physical and chemical properties of milk for both genotypes, the difference were very minimal such as follows; viscosity Pa x s - 0.006, electrical conductivity ? - 0.018, density kg/m3 -0,001, freezing, t 0C - 0.013, LD number - 0.028 total solids, % - 0.014, fat,% - 0,026, protein,% - 0.085, lactose,% - 0.038, ash,% - 0,021, acidity, 0SH - 0.209. The results indicated that the properties of milk for both genotypes were very near to each other. It can be interpreted that the breeds utilized in the experiment were comparable due to similar characteristics perhaps. The effect of genotype was very significant only for the % protein of the milk. The lactation periods were highly significant in all physical and chemical properties of milk.

scholarly journals FEM Simulation and Verification of Brazing SiC Ceramic with Novel Zr-Cu Filler Metal

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bofang Zhou ◽  
Zhichen Zeng ◽  
Yuchen Cai ◽  
Keqin Feng
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
Metal Layer ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sic Ceramic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Axial Compressive Stress ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Zr-Cu filler metal is proposed for SiC ceramic under special working conditions, as a novel type of the active filler metal, the difference of physical and chemical properties between SiC ceramic and Zr-Cu filler metal leads to greater residual stress in the joint, which affects the mechanical properties of brazing SiC ceramic joint. Based on the finite element method (FEM) simulation, the residual stress of the joint is simulated to guide the design of Zr-based filler metal and formulation of brazing process. The residual stress distribution of SiC ceramic joints brazed at 1200 °C with different thickness of the filler metal and cooling rate is simulated by ANSYS software. The simulation results of the residual stress are verified by brazing experiments and XRD measurements. The results show that the simulated residual stress of the joint is mainly axial compressive stress. The axial compressive stresses are the lowest when the filler metal thickness is 0.1 mm and the cooling rate is 2 °C /min, and increase with the increase of the filler metal layer thickness and cooling rate. The shear strength of the brazed SiC ceramic joint that achieves the highest with 2 °C /min is about 72 MPa, and then decreases with the increase of cooling rate. The experimental test of residual stress in different locations of the brazed SiC ceramic joint basically coincide with the FEM simulation.

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