Investigations on developing a key for identification of elite nutmeg tree

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
H.C. Vikram ◽  
N. Mini Raj ◽  
S. Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Almost All ◽  
G Ratio ◽  
Key Characters ◽  
The Ideal

<p>Nutmeg (<em>Myristica fragrans </em>Houtt.) is unique among tree spices, as the donor of two distinct spices; nutmeg and mace. Yield is a complex phenomenon in nutmeg. Fruit yield per tree is the targeted quantitative parameter which is dependent on several other yield related components. Hence, an attempt was made towards identification of an elite nutmeg tree using desirable characteristics which are easily measurable and recognizable. Forty six morphotypes of nutmeg selected from core collections in the Chalakudy river basin in Kerala in the age group of 15 years formed the material for study. These samples of nutmeg represented almost all nutmeg growing tracts of Kerala. The accessions were evaluated based on 51 qualitative and 38 quantitative characteristics and grouped based on similarities. Thirteen key quantitative characters were selected based on their impact on yield as well as commercial importance.The qualitative clusters were ranked based on relative best performance of the perceived key characters. Database was generated for the key characters and from this database, plausible value of each character was predicted. Accordingly, an elite nutmeg tree may be characterized as having the ideal characteristics with approximate values <em>viz</em>. tree height (8 m), canopy spread (E-W: 7 m, N-S: 8 m), number of flowers (6 per 10 cm2), fruit set percentage (37), number of fruits m-2 (19), fruit weight (81 g), thickness of pericarp (14 mm), dry mace weight (2 g), dry nut weight (10 g), kernel weight (7 g), ratio of nut to mace (6.6) and number of fruits per tree (3342). It is a simple key involving characters which are measurable and recognizable at the farmer level.</p>

scholarly journals The Effects of Four Clonal Rootstocks on Growth Indices, Yield, Fruit Quality, and Quantity of `Golden Smoothee' Apple in Iran's Climate Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 798A-798
Author(s):  
Alireza Talaie* ◽  
Ali Gharaghani ◽  
Mohammad Ali Asgari
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Fruit Abscission

In this research the effect of four clonal rootstocks (B9, M9, M26, and MM106) on growth characteristics, flowering and fruiting, and fruit quality and quantity of `Golden Smoothee' apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) were studied during 2001 and 2003. Trees were 8 years old at the beginning of study. Experiments were planned in randomized complete-block design with four treatments (four rootstocks) and four replications. Rootstocks had significant effects on all growth characteristics. The highest tree height, shoot growth, and tree cross-sectional area were found on MM106; with B9 was the least and M9 and M26 were intermediate. The effect of year, and interaction of year on rootstocks were nonsignificant. Rootstock has highly affected flowering and fruiting characteristics. The highest flowering efficiency related to M9 and B9. The highest primary and secondary fruit set and fruit set efficiency found with M9 and M26. The highest preharvest fruit abscission observed with M26. The M9 had the least preharvest fruit abscission. Yield of M9 was the highest and B9 was the least. The M9 has the most yield efficiency and MM106 had the least. Effect of year was significant in many characteristics related to flowering and fruiting. Generally, trees had better conditions in first year. Among fruit quantitative treatments, rootstock only affected fruit weight significantly. Fruit harvested from B9 had the least weight and other rootstocks had similar fruit weight. Generally rootstock had no noticeable effect on fruit quantity and quality.

scholarly journals Effect of Bridge Grafting the M9 Self-rooted Rootstock in Trunk-wounded Apple Trees on Vegetative Growth, Yield, and Fruit Characteristics

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 937-945
Author(s):  
Chenping Zhou ◽  
Ruiting Chen ◽  
Yaqiang Sun ◽  
He Wang ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Apple Trees

Bridge grafting is widely applied in trunk-wounded apple trees. In this study, we carried out semigirdling and ring girdling on the trunk of ‘Nagafu 2’/Malus baccata (L.) Borkh apple trees to simulate trunk injury. We then bridge grafted a M9 self-rooted rootstock on the injured trunks to study the effects of bridge grafting on flowering, fruit-set, tree vigor, and fruit characteristics in ‘Nagafu 2’ apple. The results showed that both semigirdling and ring girdling due to the large wounded area caused significant decrease in flowering, fruit-set, and tree vigor (estimated by measuring leaf area, leaf gas exchange, tree height, and shoot growth); in addition, ring girdling increased flesh and peel firmness. However, bridge grafting of M9 self-rooted rootstock on semigirdling and girdling apple trees resulted in partial recovery of tree vigor (leaf area and photosynthesis) and maintaining the reduction of vegetative growth, thereby increasing flowering, fruit-set, yield, fruit weight, and peel firmness.

The effects of date pollinizer variety and pollination time on fruit set and yield of Medjhol date palm

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoul Amir Rahnama ◽  
Esmaeil Rahkhodaei
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Female Flowers

Date palm is unisexual, being either male or female. Male and female flowers grow on buds called Spathe, which opens naturally when fully mature. It is easy to identify the male and female flowers. Under the method of manual pollination, pollen from a male flower is smeared over female flowers. The pollen variety and pollination time have important effects on date palm fruit set, yield and quality. This experiment was carried out to study the effect of date pollinizer variety and pollination time on fruit set, growth and development of Medjhol date palm variety, in date palm garden of date palm and tropical fruit research institute of Iran during three years from 2009 to 2011. The trail was randomized complete block design in factorial manner with three pollen variety as Ghaname, Vardy, and Samesmave, two pollination time as 1-3 days before or after spathe opening and four replication. The results showed that the Vardy pollen had significant effects and increased the fertility percent and fruit yield, rather than two other pollen varieties. The pollen variety had no significant effects on fruit quality as total sugar, acidity, and bricx. The pollination time before spathe opening significantly increased fertility percent, decreased fruit weight and date palm yield. Finally the pollen variety and pollination time interaction effects showed that, application of Vardy pollen from 1-3 days after spathe opening with the most production date palm yield, equal 19.9 kilogram per any date palm trees, so this treatment is the best and are recommended.

Analysis of phenotypic diversity of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) accessions from Jammu and Kashmir, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Showkat A. Zargar ◽  
Aijaz A. Wani ◽  
M. I. S. Saggoo
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Upgma Dendrogram ◽  
Fruit Quality Traits

Abstract Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) is a world-wide highly appreciated fruit, with its attractive colour, soft texture and typical flavour. In the current investigation, 68 apricot accessions collected from Jammu and Kashmir, India were analysed to determine the measure of variation using 12 qualitative and 16 quantitative traits with an aim to identify superior apricot accessions with excellent fruit quality traits. High phenotypic variability was observed among the studied apricot accessions with significant differences among most of the qualitative and quantitative traits. Fruit-related characteristics including fruit weight, fruit length, fruit ratio, fruit firmness, fruit shape, fruit suture, stone weight, kernel weight and stone shape were the most diverse with a high coefficient of variation (>30%). One way analysis of variance showed significant differences (P < 0.0001) among all the quantitative traits. Significant positive and negative correlations were observed between all the agronomically important fruit quality traits. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that 75.34% of the variability was defined by the first eight components. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram, based on all traits measured grouped the accessions into two main clusters with several sub-clusters. Both UPGMA dendrogram and PCA scatter plot formed a cluster of 14 accessions, having the highest values regarding most important fruit quality traits such as fruit weight, fruit length and width, fruit ratio, stone weight and kernel weight can be treated as potentially superior accessions. These accessions can be used directly for cultivation and in future apricot breeding programmes. The present findings are promising for genetic resource management, cultivar improvement and commercial applications of apricot in Jammu and Kashmir, India.

scholarly journals Almond Fruit Drop Patterns under Mediterranean Conditions

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Jaume Lordan ◽  
Lourdes Zazurca ◽  
Mercè Rovira ◽  
Laura Torguet ◽  
Ignasi Batlle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Tree Management ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Mediterranean Conditions ◽  
New Cultivars ◽  
Scion Cultivar

Almond is an important tree nut crop worldwide, and planted areas have been increasing year after year. While self-fertility is one of the key factors when it comes to improved almond productivity of new cultivars, yield is also affected by the number of flowers produced, pollination, fruit set, fruit drop, and fruit weight. Almond fruit drop patterns of 20 Mediterranean almond cultivars were studied over three years. In addition, fruit drop patterns of two scion cultivars ‘Marinada’ and ‘Vairo’ budded onto eight to 10 different rootstocks managed with three different pruning strategies were studied for two years. Cumulative flower and fruit drop ranged from 50% to 90% among cultivars and treatments, and there were up to four fruit drop events during the growing season, the main one occurring from 20–60 days from full bloom (DFFB). Subsequent drops were at 100 DFFB, 120–140 DFFB, and the last one at 160–180 DFFB. The later drops were less apparent. In general, about half of the cumulative drop was comprised of buds and flowers, and the remaining percentage was fruit that dropped 20 or more days after full bloom. Furthermore, different fruit drop patterns were observed depending on the cultivar. For late- and extra-late flowering cultivars, cumulative fruit drop began to decrease earlier, with most of the drops occurred already at full bloom, whereas the opposite was observed for the early flowering cultivars. Rootstocks also had an important effect on the fruit drop pattern, with different effects depending on the scion cultivar. Tree management, such as type of pruning, also had an important effect on the rate of fruit drop and cumulative drop. Therefore, each combination of cultivar × rootstock × pruning type will require different strategies in order to reduce the fruit drop and optimize crop loads.

Stability Analysis of Agronomic Traits for Maize (Zea Mays L.) Genotypes Based on Ammi Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-350
Author(s):  
Meijin Ye ◽  
Zhaoyang Chen ◽  
Bingbing Liu ◽  
Haiwang Yue
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Ammi Model ◽  
The Ideal

Stability and adaptability of promising maize hybrids in terms of three agronomic traits (grain yield, ear weight and 100-kernel weight) in multi-environments trials were evaluated. The analysis of AMMI model indicated that the all three agronomic traits showed highly significant differences (p < 0.01) on genotype, environment and genotype by environment interaction. Results showed that genotypes Hengyu321 (G9), Yufeng303 (G10) and Huanong138 (G3) were of higher stability on grain yield, ear weight and 100-kernel weight, respectively. Genotypes Hengyu1587 (G8) and Hengyu321 (G9) showed good performance in terms of grain yield, whereas Longping208 (G2) and Weike966 (G12) showed broad adaptability for ear weight. It was also found that the genotypes with better adaptability in terms of 100-kernel weight were Zhengdan958 (G5) and Weike966 (G12). The genotype and environment interaction model based on AMMI analysis indicated that Hengyu1587 and Hengyu321 were the ideal genotypes, due to extensive adaptability and high grain yield under both testing sites. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 343-350, 2021 (June)

scholarly journals Genotypic and phenotypic variability in mango (Mangifera indica L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-690
Author(s):  
DAN Majumder ◽  
L Hassan ◽  
MA Rahim ◽  
MM Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Fruit Harvest

Sixty mango genotypes were studied to find out their variability, heritability, and genetic advance. Significant variations were observed in 20 characters. There were also considerable differences between the genotypic and the phenotypic coefficients of variation for almost all the characters which indicated the influence of environment on the expression of these traits. Among the studied characters, GCV and PCV were high for weight of harvested fruits per plant, % fruit harvest per inflorescence, % initial fruit set per inflorescence, number of fruits per plant and number of main branches per inflorescence. All the characters showed considerably high heritability which ranged from 56.21 to 98.24% and the genetic advance (as % of mean) was high for the maximum traits. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed in weight of harvested fruits per plant, % initial fruit set per inflorescence, % of flowering shoot, number of inflorescences per shoot, percent fruit harvest per inflorescence, number of main branches per inflorescence, number of fruits per plant, number of inflorescences per shoot, plant height (cm), and percent perfect flowers which indicated that these characters were less influenced by environment confirming predominance of additive gene action and therefore, selection in favour of these characters would be feasible for yield improvement of mango. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i4.14393 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(4): 683-690, December 2012

scholarly journals EARLY SPRING APPLICATION OF AMINOETHOXYVINILGLYCINE (AVG) INCREASES FRUIT SET AND YIELD OF ‘ROCHA’ PEARS

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
MATEUS DA SILVEIRA PASA ◽  
BRUNO CARRA ◽  
CARINA PEREIRA DA SILVA ◽  
MARLISE NARA CIOTTA ◽  
ALBERTO FONTANELLA BRIGHENTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Return Bloom

ABSTRACT The low fruit set is one of the main factors leading to poor yield of pear orchards in Brazil. Ethylene is associated with abscission of flowers and fruitlets. Then, the application of ethylene synthesis inhibitors, such as AVG, is a potential tool to increase fruit set of pears. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of AVG, sprayed at different rates and timings, on fruit set, yield and fruit quality of ‘Rocha’ pear. The study was performed in a commercial orchard located in the municipality of São Joaquim, SC, during the growing seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. Plant material consisted of ‘Rocha’ pear trees grafted on quince rootstock ‘BA29’. AVG was tested at different rates (60 mg L-1 and 80 mg L-1) and timings [full bloom, one week after full bloom (WAFB), and two WAFB), either alone or in combination. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with at least five single-tree replications. The fruit set, number of fruit per tree, yield, estimated yield, fruit weight, return bloom, and fruit quality attributes were assessed. Fruit set and yield were consistently increased by single applications of AVG at 60 and 80 mg L-1 at both one and two weeks after full bloom, without negatively affecting fruit quality attributes and return bloom.

scholarly journals Performance of twelve mango cultivars grown in different agroecological zones of Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kobra ◽  
MA Hossain ◽  
MAH Talukder ◽  
MAJ Bhuyan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Perfect Flower

Twelve commercial and promising mango cultivars were evaluated at three agroecological zones of Bangladesh viz., Akbarpur (AEZ 29), Chapai Nawabgonj (AEZ 11), and Gazipur (AEZ 28) during 2006-07 to investigate their regional adaptability. Cultivars included in the experiment were Ashwina, BARI Aam-1, Bombai, Deori, Fazli, Gopalbhog, Kalia, Khirsapat, Langra, Lata Bombai, Rani Passand, and Surjapuri. The plants were transplanted in the field during July 1993. Tree volume was the maximum (79.78 m3) in Khirsapat and the minimum in Lata Bombai (21.92 m3). Langra had the highest percentage of perfect flower (27%), while the lowest was in Deori and Kalia (5%). The earliest and latest fruit was harvested from BARI Aam-1 and Ashwina, respectively, at all locations. All the cultivars were harvested 3-5 and 8-10 days earlier at Akbarpur and Gazipur, respectively, compared to that at Chapai Nawabgonj. The highest individual fruit weight was obtained from Fazli at all locations, while Gopalbhog (130 g) had the lowest fruit weight at Akbarpur and Surjapuri at Chapai Nawabgonj (172 g) and Gazipur (140 g). Total soluble solids content was reasonably high in all the cultivars at each location (around 20%) except Ashwina, Lata Bombai, and Surjapuri which contained around 16% TSS. Lata Bombai was highly susceptible to anthracnose, floral malformation, and stem-end-rot at almost all the locations. Other cultivars showed low to medium susceptibility to all these diseases. The highest and lowest fruit producing cultivars were Khirsapat (206) and Lata Bombai (106) at Gazipur, while Rani Passand (196) and Bombai, Lata Bombai (92) at Akbarpur but at Chapai Nawabgonj, these were Langra (325) and Deori (117), respectively. Cultivar Fazli (83.61 kg) was the highest yielder by weight, while Lata Bombai (18.35 kg) was the lowest. Among the locations, Chapai Nawabgonj was the most favourable for plant growth, perfect flower production, and yield, and least favourable for pests and diseases. The overall result of the experiment indicated that good quality mango could also be grown successfully under Akbarpur and Gazipur conditions adopting appropriate variety like Khirsapat. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i4.14394 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(4): 691-710, December 2012

scholarly journals Percepción de los entrenadores de alto rendimiento de atletismo: caracterización de su perfil polifacético (Perception of high performance track and field coaches: characterization of their multifaceted profile)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Angeles Filgueira Perez
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
The Ideal

En el presente estudio se ha tratado de obtener una aproximación al perfil ideal del entrenador de alto rendimiento en atletismo. En el mundo del deporte de alta competición, el entrenador debe desarrollar funciones de maestro, técnico y líder, lo cual hace difícil delimitar sus competencias (conocimientos, habilidades y cualidades personales). Por tanto, la principal motivación de este trabajo es establecer el papel que debe desempeñar el entrenador para la preparación física, técnica, táctica, psicológica y moral del deportista de alto nivel. Para ello, se ha considerado como población objeto de estudio al conjunto de entrenadores de alto rendimiento que en el momento de la investigación estuviesen activo, ya que interesaba realizar este estudio desde su propia perspectiva. Los datos recogidos forman parte de una investigación más amplia, llevada a cabo mediante encuesta, para la que se diseñó un cuestionario de 78 preguntas en el que se abarcaban tres temas: el perfil del entrenador y del deportista, así como la figura del formador de entrenadores en el Practicum. En este trabajo nos centramos en el primer tema y el análisis de la información obtenida nos permite concluir que la que práctica totalidad de los entrenadores de atletismo consideran necesario dominar con precisión los aspectos técnico-metodológicos. Además, consideran que su ética profesional debe estar regida por los principios de autonomía y beneficencia, de modo que valores como la honestidad y la justicia deben primar en el desarrollo de sus funciones.Abstract: In the current study, we have tried to get an approximation of the ideal profile of high performance coaches in athletics. In the high-level sports world, the coach must develop the role of teacher, technician and leader,  which makes it difficult to delimit  his/her competencies (knowledge, skills and personal qualities). Therefore, the main motivation of this work is to define the role that the coach plays in relation  to the physical, technical, tactical, psychological and moral preparation of elite athletes. Keeping this aim as an objective, we have considered as the target population the high performance coaches who are active at the time of the investigation, since we were interested  in knowing their own perspective. The data that was collected is a part of a wider investigation, conducted by a survey, for which we designed a questionnaire of 78 questions divided on three topics: the profile of the coach and the athlete, as well as the figure of the coach educator in the Practicum. In this work, we focus on the first topic and the analysis of the information that we obtained allows us to conclude that almost all the track and field coaches find it necessary to dominate the technical and methodological aspects. They also consider that professional ethics must be governed by the principles of autonomy and care that values   like honesty and justice must prevail in the performance of their work.

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