scholarly journals Impact of Microplastics on Aquatic Organisms and Human Health: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mridula Rajesh
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Aquatic Organisms

scholarly journals A statistical and spatial analysis of chemical contaminants in Cocos Lagoon, Guam

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Char'Mane Robinson ◽  
Andrew Mason
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Fish Tissue ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Cocos Island

Cocos Lagoon is located on the southwestern end of the coast of Guam, and contains extensive coral reefs and an array of fish species. Within the Lagoon is a former US Coast Guard LORAN station on Cocos Island. Hazardous materials appear to have been disposed of on land and in near shore waters during the operation of the LORAN station, between the years of 1944 and 1963, exposing surrounding waters, sediment, fish species and humans to these materials. As part of a project to quantify chemical contaminants in Cocos Lagoon, and to address local and agency human health concerns, approximately 190 chemical contaminants were analyzed in sediments from 25 sites, along with 27 fish tissue samples from 16 sites. Higher levels of chemical contaminants were found in fish tissues collected from around Cocos Island, the site of the former LORAN station. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), for example, were above an EPA recreational fishers’ screening value (SV) in some fish species from around Cocos Island, indicating risk to humans consuming fish from this area. PCBs at high concentrations are known to cause negative effects on resident marine aquatic organisms and human health concerns include cancer. Characterizing contaminant impacts to aquatic marine organisms and possible human health results from this project will provide resource managers with key information needed to make effective decisions for the health of Cocos Lagoon and also gauge the efficacy of restoration activities. The results show high levels of PCBs in the fish species from Coco Lagoon. This indicates that there is a high risk of adverse health effects such as cancer if consumed by humans.

scholarly journals Ecotoxicity of Wastewater from Medical Facilities: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
A. Cidlinová ◽  
Z. Wittlingerová ◽  
M. Zimová ◽  
T. Chrobáková ◽  
A. Petruželková
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Health It ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Medical Facilities

Abstract Wastewater from medical facilities contains a wide range of chemicals (in particular pharmaceuticals, disinfectants, heavy metals, contrast media, and radionuclides) and pathogens, therefore it constitutes a risk to the environment and human health. Many micropollutants are not efficiently eliminated during wastewater treatment and contaminate both surface water and groundwater. As we lack information about the long-term effects of low concentrations of micropollutants in the aquatic environment, it is not possible to rule out their adverse effects on aquatic organisms and human health. It is, therefore, necessary to focus on the evaluation of chronic toxicity in particular when assessing the environmental and health risks and to develop standards for the regulation of hazardous substances in wastewater from medical facilities on the basis of collected data. Wastewater from medical facilities is a complex mixture of many compounds that may have synergetic, antagonistic or additive effects on organisms. To evaluate the influence of a wide range of pollutants contained in the effluents from medical facilities on aquatic ecosystems, it is necessary to determine their ecotoxicity.

scholarly journals Effects of plastics and microplastics on aquatic organisms and human health

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-443
Author(s):  
Fevziye Nihan Bulat ◽  
Berna Kılınç
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Aquatic Species ◽  
Food Network ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Day By Day

Today, plastics have been used in many areas and their use have been increasing day by day. This increase in the use of plastic causes environmental pollution as well as negatively affects organisms in the environment and therefore human health. Plastics reach to the water environment through different transport routes. Microplastics that have reached to the water environment are consumed by aquatic organisms. Microplastics in aquatic species (fish, mussels, shrimp, seals, etc.) were highlighted in many studies. Microplastics consumed by aquatic organisms are included in the food network, reaching as far as human consumption. Therefore, the importance of the subject have been emphasized, the evaluation of the studies on microplastics and the risks it poses have been examined in this compilation study which was carried out in order to raise awareness about this issue and to ensure that the necessary measures will be taken.

scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Pollution and its Associated Human Health Risks in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Appiah Ofori ◽  
Samuel Jerry Cobbina ◽  
Abubakari Zarouk Imoro ◽  
Dzigbodi Adzo Doke ◽  
Thomas Gaiser
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Human Health Risks ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

The frequent incidents of oil spills and other forms of pollution arising from crude oil exploration and exploitation (OEE) in the Niger Delta have caused several investigations on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution. This study aimed at developing a comprehensive report on PAH pollution and its human health risks recorded in the Niger Delta. Studies were extracted from Google Scholar, PubMed, and ResearchGate using a defined selection criterion. The quality of each study was assessed using the Newcastle – Ottawa Scale. Thirty-eight studies were selected with the majority reporting on PAH pollution in aquatic environments. Across all the selected studies, the total number of PAHs recorded ranged from 7 to 28 PAH congeners. Also, PAH potential sources reported in the studies were of pyrogenic and petrogenic sources. PAH concentrations recorded in water, sediment, aquatic organisms (fish and shrimp), soil, dust, and crop samples ranged from below detection limit (BDL) to 450 ± 117.9 mg/L, BDL to 1821.5 mg/kg, 0.005 to 1.098 mg/kg, ND to 4154 ± 3461 mg/kg, 165.1 to 1012 mg/kg, and 0.020 to 3.37 mg/kg, respectively. Majority of the selected studies reported PAH levels which were higher than the permissible limits. Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) assessment of PAHs in samples ranged from low to high via ingestion and dermal routes of exposure to humans. It is recommended that the Federal Government of Nigeria promotes environmentally friendly operations of OEE. Future studies should focus on PAH pollution in farmlands, ambient air and the associated human and ecological health risks.

Wastewater release and its impacts on Canadian waters

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 1836-1859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Holeton ◽  
Patricia A. Chambers ◽  
Laura Grace
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Discharge of sewage to the environment in the form of treated or untreated wastewater can have serious impacts on human health and quality of life and on ecosystem condition. Since a previous review in 1997, upgrades to wastewater treatment facilities, along with improved source control, have produced successes in reducing loadings of certain pollutants (e.g., mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls) to Canadian waters. However, nationally, loads of phosphorus discharged from wastewater treatment facilities have not changed in recent years (2003–2008), and releases of nitrogen have increased slightly. In some locations, wastewater discharges are contributors to bacterial contamination, toxicity from heavy metals and ammonia, and eutrophication, all of which continue to threaten public and environmental health. An increasing number of studies are also demonstrating developmental, reproductive, and behavioural changes in fish and other aquatic organisms from exposure to pharmaceuticals, personal-care products, or other pollutants in domestic wastewater, even after treatment. Minimizing wastewater discharge and mitigating its effects on the environment and human health will be a challenge. It is critical that gains achieved by improved wastewater treatment and other control measures not be reversed by relaxation of efforts or by failure to keep pace with population growth.

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