scholarly journals Aportaciones a la historia del género ambiguo en español: a propósito del sustantivo deverbal tizne

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-155
Author(s):  
Pilar Montero Curiel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Language ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fundamental Object ◽  
History Of

The New Grammar of the Spanish Language (2009) defines ambiguous nouns in terms of gender as those that refer to the same inanimate entity, both male and female, «but do not usually designate sexed beings». Some can be analyzed as late developments, after the restructuring of gender that followed the loss of neutral and casual flexion, together with verbs roots that show similar vacillations to those originated after the evolutionary processes that emerged in the transition from Latin into Romance languages. Among them we find the case of the word tizne, whose variations throughout the history of the Spanish language will be the fundamental object of the present study.

scholarly journals {Tener/llevar} + participio en el castellano de los Siglos de Oro y algunas notas interlingüísticas

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Patricia Fernández Martín
Keyword(s):  
Golden Age ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Chronicles Of The Indies ◽  
History Of

El objetivo del presente trabajo es profundizar en la historia del funcionamiento de las construcciones castellanas {tener/llevar} + participio, tomando como centro de estudio la lengua de los siglos xvi y xvii y estableciendo ciertas comparaciones, a lo largo del texto, con otras lenguas romances, en especial el asturiano. El punto de partida se encuentra en la idea de que los problemas que crean estas construccionesse deben esencialmente a la doble naturaleza del participio (adjetival y verbal), solo comprensible inserta en un continuum entre el puro adjetivo y el puro verbo. Para ello, comenzaremos estableciendo, en el marco teórico, nuestro concepto de perífrasis verbal de participio y su aplicación a las construcciones que nos ocupan en el español de los Siglos de Oro. En una segunda parte, analizaremos el funcionamiento de dichas estructuras en el español clásico, empleando un corpus formado por tres génerosdiscursivos, escritos entre 1519 y 1656, que componen sendos subapartados (novelas picarescas, epístolas y crónicas de Indias). La principal conclusión es que los géneros discursivos no afectan a las construcciones de participio en la misma medida en que puede afectar a otros fenómenos gramaticales, como los pronombres personales.The aim of this work is to deepen in the history of the Spanish structures{tener/llevar} + participle, taking into account the language of the 16th and 17th centuries and offering certain comparisons with other Romance languages, specially Asturian. The starting point lies in the idea that the problems that create these constructions are essentially due to the dual nature of the participle (between a verb and an adjective), which can be only understood into a continuum, whose ends are the pure adjective and the pure verb. For that, we will start setting our concept of participial periphrases in the theoretical framework, as well as its applicationto the Spanish language spoken in the Golden Age. Then, we analyze how these structures work in that Spanish, using a corpus formed by three discourse genres (picaresque novels, letters and chronicles of the Indies), whose texts were written between 1519 and 1656. Finally, all of which allows to conclude that the discourse genres do not affect the appearance of the constructions of participle in the same extent that it may affect other grammatical phenomena, such as personal pronouns.

An American Language

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosina Lozano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S

An American Language is a political history of the Spanish language in the United States. The nation has always been multilingual and the Spanish language in particular has remained as an important political issue into the present. After the U.S.-Mexican War, the Spanish language became a language of politics as Spanish speakers in the U.S. Southwest used it to build territorial and state governments. In the twentieth century, Spanish became a political language where speakers and those opposed to its use clashed over what Spanish's presence in the United States meant. This book recovers this story by using evidence that includes Spanish language newspapers, letters, state and territorial session laws, and federal archives to profile the struggle and resilience of Spanish speakers who advocated for their language rights as U.S. citizens. Comparing Spanish as a language of politics and as a political language across the Southwest and noncontiguous territories provides an opportunity to measure shifts in allegiance to the nation and exposes differing forms of nationalism. Language concessions and continued use of Spanish is a measure of power. Official language recognition by federal or state officials validates Spanish speakers' claims to US citizenship. The long history of policies relating to language in the United States provides a way to measure how U.S. visions of itself have shifted due to continuous migration from Latin America. Spanish-speaking U.S. citizens are crucial arbiters of Spanish language politics and their successes have broader implications on national policy and our understanding of Americans.

Apuntes para la historia de una fraseología del español americano

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-382
Author(s):  
Juan Pedro Sánchez Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Language ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Spanish

"Notes for the History of a Phraseology of American Spanish. This paper presents the characteristics that would define the historical Hispano-American phraseology as opposed to the European Spanish one. Phraseology is one of the areas in which the greatest variation is perceived among the different Hispanic countries. In this paper I will try to point out the main historical foundations that would explain this variation and the characteristics assumed by what we call the indian or colonial phraseology. This would be the origin of what today we can consider a phraseological Americanism, which presents some characteristics that allow establishing its historical study differentiated from the European Spanish and justifies the necessary diastematic vision of the general historical phraseology of the Spanish language. Keywords: history of American Spanish, historical Hispano-American phraseology, phraseological Americanism, Indian or colonial phraseology. "

scholarly journals Departments and disciplinary gatekeeping: The sociolinguistics of Spanish in US academia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (263) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
José del Valle
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Service Departments

AbstractIn his contribution, José del Valle looks at the intersection of the sociolinguistic study of Spanish in the US and the transformations of Spanish language departments in higher education. Del Valle traces the history of the institutionalization of Spanish teaching and study and its effects on linguistic research’s position within Spanish departments. Shifts in approaches to the use of language in social practice, and the growing demands on language units to act as service departments for language learners, has isolated scholars in those institutional homes from broader integration into sociolinguistic research.

scholarly journals High level of fatty liver index predicts new onset of diabetes mellitus during a 10-year period in healthy subjects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukimura Higashiura ◽  
Masato Furuhashi ◽  
Marenao Tanaka ◽  
Satoko Takahashi ◽  
Masayuki Koyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Index ◽  
Fatty Liver Index ◽  
History Of ◽  
Onset Of Diabetes ◽  
High Level ◽  
New Onset

AbstractFatty liver index (FLI), a predictor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, has been reported to be associated with several metabolic disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between FLI and new onset of diabetes mellitus (DM). We investigated the association of FLI with new onset of DM during a 10-year period in subjects who received annual health examinations (n = 28,990). After exclusion of subjects with DM at baseline and those with missing data, a total of 12,290 subjects (male/female: 7925/4365) who received health examinations were recruited. FLI was significantly higher in males than in females. During the 10-year period, DM was developed in 533 males (6.7%) and 128 females (2.9%). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models with a restricted cubic spline showed that the risk of new onset of DM increased with a higher FLI at baseline in both sexes after adjustment of age, fasting plasma glucose, habits of alcohol drinking and current smoking, family history of DM and diagnosis of hypertension and dyslipidemia at baseline. When the subjects were divided into subgroups according to tertiles of FLI level at baseline (T1–T3) in the absence and presence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), hazard ratios after adjustment of the confounders gradually increased from T1 to T3 and from the absence to presence of IFG in both male and female subjects. In conclusion, a high level of FLI predicts new onset of DM in a general population of both male and female individuals.

Sex Differences in Inmates: Anger, Sensitivity to Provocation and Family History of Imprisonment

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2110491
Author(s):  
Marta Bodecka-Zych ◽  
Anna Zajenkowska ◽  
Mary Bower Russa
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Female Inmates ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Prisoners ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incarcerated Populations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Prisoners

Little research has explored the role of aggression, anger, and family history of incarceration as they relate to female offenders. The current study aimed to address this gap in the literature by investigating these possible risk factors for incarceration among both men and women. The survey involved 123 (61 female and 62 male) prisoners convicted for violent crimes and a comparison group of 118 (60 female and 58 male) adults from the community. We found that women (convicted and non-convicted) were more sensitive to provocation than men, while community adults showed higher levels of trait anger than prisoners. Detainees were more likely than community adults to have a relative in prison. Although male and female inmates were equally likely to have a relative in prison, they differed in their relation to the imprisoned relative. Male and female prisoners showed increased risk for incarceration of same sex, first degree relatives (father and brothers for men, and mothers for women). These results may contribute to improved understanding of incarcerated populations. As such, this represents a critical first step in creating recovery programs that are more gender appropriate.

Univision, Telemundo, and the Rise of Spanish-Language Television in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Allen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
History Of ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
American Society ◽  
The U.S

The first completely researched history of U.S. Spanish-language television traces the rise of two foremost, if widely unrecognized, modern American enterprises—the Spanish-language networks Univision and Telemundo. It is a standard scholarly history constructed from archives, original interviews, reportage, and other public materials. Occasioned by the public’s wakening to a “Latinization” of the U.S., the book demonstrates that the emergence of Spanish-language television as a force in mass communication is essential to understanding the increasing role of Latinos and Latino affairs in modern American society. It argues that a combination of foreign and domestic entrepreneurs and innovators who overcame large odds resolves a significant and timely question: In an English-speaking country, how could a Spanish-speaking institution have emerged? Through exploration of significant and colorful pioneers, continuing conflicts and setbacks, landmark strides, and ongoing controversies—and with revelations that include regulatory indecision, behind-the-scenes tug-of-war, and the internationalization of U.S. mass media—the rise of a Spanish-language institution in the English-speaking U.S. is explained. Nine chapters that begin with Spanish-language television’s inception in 1961 and end 2012 chronologically narrate the endeavor’s first 50 years. Events, passages, and themes are thoroughly referenced.

The Impact of Gender on Use of Cybercafé: A Survey of Cybercafé Users

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
S. U. Shiva Kumara ◽  
B. T. Sampath Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Internet Services ◽  
Noisy Environment ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Internet Connection ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

The study aims to know the Impact of gender on the use of cybercafé. The study focused on the frequency and purpose of using cybercafé by male and female users. It also focused on the problems encountered by male and female users while using Internet at cybercafé. An aggregate of 450 copies of questionnaires were circulated to the cybercafé user, of which 416 properly filled questionnaires were returned. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21.0 version. It was observed that male users had a long history of using cybercafé than female counterparts (p<.000). The data also indicate that there is an association between the frequency of visit to the cybercafé and the gender (p<.000). High cost of Internet services (74.2%), noisy environment in and around the cybercafé (55.76%) and slow Internet connection (49.75%) at cybercafé were major problems faced by the cybercafé users.

scholarly journals Association between Foot Posture Index and Ankle Sprain in Indoor Football Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Safar Cherati ◽  
Masoud Dousti ◽  
Shima Younespour
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Positive History ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

<p><strong>Objective</strong><strong>: </strong>This study investigated the relationship between foot type and ankle sprain incidence.</p><p><strong>Method</strong><strong>: </strong>In a prospective cohort study using the FPI, 68 adult male and female indoor football (Futsal) players were measured and their feet were classified according to foot posture index (FPI) as neutral, supinated and pronated. They were followed over 6 month as a one competition season and at the end, any injuries at the ankle during this period were detected.</p><p><strong>Result</strong><strong>: </strong>There was no significant association between FPI score (considering the total FPI score and its six components) and occurrence of ankle sprain. Also, no association was existed between gender, age, height, weight, BMI, duration of professional exercise, dominant foot and occurrence of ankle sprain. In this study, the history of previous ankle sprain was the only significant predictor of the occurrence of ankle sprain in the follow-up period. Participants with the positive history of previous ankle sprain were at higher risk of developing new ankle sprain (OR=6.02, 95% CI: (1.93, 18.84), p=0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>: </strong>There was no significant association between FPI score and occurrence of ankle sprain.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Limitation: </strong>there was scarce of supinated foot in the study so evaluation of relationship between supinated feet and ankle sprain was not applicable.</p>

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