scholarly journals The development of distance education in the Russian Federation and the former Soviet Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Zawacki-Richter ◽  
Anna Kourotchkina
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Font Size ◽  
The Past ◽  
Learning Programs ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Distance Education System

<!-- @font-face { font-family: "Cambria Math"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; line-height: 200%; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.Abstract, li.Abstract, div.Abstract { margin: 18pt 1cm 15pt 36pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.AbstractCxSpFirst, li.AbstractCxSpFirst, div.AbstractCxSpFirst { margin: 18pt 1cm 0.0001pt 36pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.AbstractCxSpMiddle, li.AbstractCxSpMiddle, div.AbstractCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 1cm 0.0001pt 36pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.AbstractCxSpLast, li.AbstractCxSpLast, div.AbstractCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 1cm 15pt 36pt; line-height: 150%; font-size: 11pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }.MsoChpDefault { font-size: 10pt; }div.WordSection1 { page: WordSection1; } --><p class="Abstract">Distance education in the present Russian Federation and former Soviet Union has a long tradition that prevails to this day. The majority of students in Russia are enrolled in distance learning programs. The numbers indicate the existence of a well-established system for distance education, of which little is known in Western literature. A review of distance education research in the Anglo-American sphere showed that within the past 10 years not a single article dealing with the Russian system was published. Consequently, within international DE research Russia remains uncharted territory. The following explorative study introduces the educational and tertiary educational system and presents current statistical data while emphasizing the historical perspective to further describe how the distance education system is embedded therein. In order to discuss current practice in this field, one of the biggest higher distance education institutions in Moscow with approximately 110,000 students is used as an example.</p>

scholarly journals Legal status of diplomatic workers: rights, state guarantees, encouragement

2013 ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
T. A. Zanko
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Russian Federation

This article provides an analysis of the legal status of diplomats in the Russian Federation with regard to their rights, safeguards and rewards. These elements are presented through the prism of comparative research of more than a dozen countries and consider the experience of diplomatic service legal regulation in the former Soviet Union countries as well as in other foreign countries.

scholarly journals PROCEDURE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL PROCEEDINGS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

2016 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Екатерина Ганичева ◽  
Ekaterina Ganicheva
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Constitutional Justice ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

The article is devoted to the problems of development of legislation which determines the procedure of the constitutional proceedings, the procedural status and terms of participants’ activity in the Russian Federation and in the Republic of Belarus. Constitutional justice is a relatively new Institute in a legal system of Russia and other former Soviet republics. Conditions for its formation in the former Soviet Union have common as well as specific features. The comparison of the place and role of the constitutional court in system of public authorities and the procedural legal regulation of the constitutional justice is of obvious scientific and practical interest now because a clear, systematic regulation is very important for creating the conditions to allow objectively and comprehensively examine and resolve the constitutional conflict. Highlighting the characteristic features of the Federal constitutional law «On the constitutional Court of the Russian Federation» and the Law of the Republic of Belarus «On constitutional proceedings», the author comes to the conclusion about the necessity of development and specifying of the activity of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation by improving the using of traditional procedural-legal institutions taking into account the unique status of the highest judicial body of the constitutional control.

scholarly journals Health of refugees and migrants from former Soviet Union countries in the Russian Federation: a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Bakunina ◽  
Artyom Gil ◽  
Vitaly Polushkin ◽  
Boris Sergeev ◽  
Margarita Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Russian Federation

Abstract This narrative review was conducted to synthesize and summarize available up-to-date evidence on current health status, including both non-communicable diseases and infectious diseases, of migrants and refugees from the former Soviet Union countries in the Russian Federation. Epidemiological and sociological studies with one or more determinants of the health, as well as relevant qualitative studies characterizing risk factors, well-being indicators, and lifestyles of migrants and refugees from the former Soviet Union countries in Russia published from 2004 to 2019 in Russian and English languages were included in the review. Despite significant limitations of the available research literature in the field, some patterns in migrants’ health in Russia and issues that need to be addressed were identified. In particular, the syndemic epidemics of communicable and non-communicable diseases, additively increasing negative health consequences, including cardiovascular diseases and chronic digestive system diseases, high rates of sexually transmitted infections and HIV, respiratory diseases and a growing percentage of new tuberculosis cases among migrants from the former Soviet Union countries are all of great concern. Possibly, the burden of these co-occurring morbidities is linked to commonly reported issues among this population group, such as poor nutrition and living conditions, high prevalence of unskilled manual labour, non-compliance with sanitary norms, lack of basic vaccinations, lack of basic knowledge about safe sexual practices and risky sexual behaviour, low healthcare seeking behaviour and limited access to health care. Importantly, these findings may urge the government to increase efforts and promote international collaboration in combating the threat of infectious diseases. Additionally, it was found that migrants had higher levels of anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder, and those who stayed in the receiving country 5 years or more had a higher level of somatic pathology than those whose stay was less than 5 years. In order to ensure an adequate health system response and fulfil the main Universal Health Coverage principle of “leaving no one behind”, a robust monitoring system of the health status of refugees and migrants and an integrated legal framework for the standardized and more inclusive routine care for this population in Russia is urgently needed.

WYZWANIA POLITYKI MIGRACYJNEJ FEDERACJI ROSYJSKIEJ – STUDIUM PRAWNE, SOCJOLOGICZNE I GEOPOLITYCZNE (wersja poprawiona)

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-83
Author(s):  
Piotr Wojnicz
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Religious Revival ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
International Issues ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
External Migration

Migration is a mass phenomenon of our time, a permanent phenomenon which takes manyforms, affects all continents and all countries. This phenomenon is one of the most important socialand international issues of the modern world. In this context, the Russian Federation is not freefrom problems arising from migration processes. Migration policy of the Russian Federation isa very important part of that country’s geopolitical game. Location Russia between the EuropeanUnion and China creates considerable scope to influence the shape of migration processes notonly regional but also global. Russia has become a country of immigration. There are two veryimportant aspects in the migration policy of Russia: the internal and external aspects. The internalaspect relates to such phenomena as the fight against the demographic crisis and related deficitsin the labor market, national and religious revival of ethnic groups living in Russia, the low levelof social integration of immigrants. In terms of external migration policy is treated as an instrumentof pressure on the countries of the former Soviet Union, a way of shaping relations with Chinaand the element of national security. Russian migration policy is an active instrument for solvingproblems within the country, as well as a very important foreign policy wizard. Pejorative sideof this policy is that it is planned from above, without taking into account the needs and natureof various Russian regions.

Elites, Old and New in Novosibirsk

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
James Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
State Level ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Soviet System ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Regional

The collapse of communist rule has removed many of the obstacles to research into elites in the former Soviet Union. A clear difference of approach has emerged between investigations of state-level elites, which tend to be quantitative, and studies of sub-state regional and local elites, which tend to be qualitative. In the case of the Russian Federation, state-level regulation of elite circulation at all levels has weakened considerably with the disappearance of the CPSU nomenklatura mechanism of appointment. Concurrently, the fragmentation of power in the post-Soviet system, at a time of immense political and economic transformation, has accentuated the importance of sub-state regional and local elites.

Post-Soviet collective memory: Russian youths about Soviet past

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Kasamara ◽  
Anna Sorokina
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Given ◽  
Research Show

The research is focused on the image of the Soviet Union and that of its successor — the Russian Federation — in the minds of the Russian student youth. The concept of collective memory, being interdisciplinary and highly debatable, has been used in the given paper in its broad socio-cultural sense meaning the attitudes of interconnected social groups regarding the past and the present. The participants of the poll were 100 students from the leading Moscow universities. They had been born after the Soviet Union collapse, so, the majority of them have a very obscure idea of the Soviet reality, simultaneously feeling nostalgia for the Soviet political past. The results of the research show that the image of the Soviet Union drastically differs from that of Russia in the young people’s minds being positive and negative, respectively.

scholarly journals Introduction: Nationality/Ethnic Settlement Patterns and Political Behavior in East Central Europe

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Z. Jokay
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
East Central ◽  
Western Border ◽  
The Russian Federation

Western experts claim that the end of the Warsaw Pact and the artificial stability it provided, together with what are routinely called “traditional ethnic animosities,” are the causes of continual and inevitable clashes between states in East Central Europe. This area, a triangle formed by the Adriatic, Baltic, and Black Seas, covers the Western border area of the former Soviet Union, and all of Poland, ex-Yugoslavia, Hungary, Romania, ex-Czechoslovakia and the eastern territories of Germany. This issue of Nationalities Papers is dedicated to the Hungarian ethnic minorities of East Central Europe, in part to examine the validity of the “traditional ethnic animosity” thesis. Spread among seven states, roughly three and a half to four million souls, they constitute the largest diaspora in Europe, and, in relative terms, are more numerous in states around Hungary than the ethnic Russians outside of the Russian Federation on the territory of the former Soviet Union.

The Nationality Problem—Round II

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Edward W. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Russian Federation

If the eight months since the August coup have shown us nothing else, it is that the “nationalities problem” not only will survive the death of the Soviet Union but may well intensify. For Russia in particular the past year has witnessed what might be called the “The Nationality Problem—Round II” whereby many of the same pressures that brought down the Soviet Union are now mounting within the Russian Federation (or simply, “Russia”—the delegates at the recent Congress of Peoples’ Deputies were unable to settle on a single name). There are many ironies about all this, but let me just cite a few.

scholarly journals ДИСКУРС ПО ВОПРОСАМ ПРИВАТИЗАЦИИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ИМУЩЕСТВА В ПРАВОВОЙ ДОКТРИНЕ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ И РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАДЖИКИСТАН

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
Шукурова Карминахон Бахтиёровна
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Gradual Improvement ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Improvement Of Legislation

Privatization of state-owned enterprises mediates private investment in the country's economy. In the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan the beginning of privatization is associated with the collapse of the USSR, but its development was different. In comparison with privatization, which took place in the 90-ies of the last century, the privatization taking place in Russia today has already reached a fundamentally new level, as the legislation in this area has been harmonized with the rules that laid down the foundations of the order of acquisition and termination of property rights. A review of the literature on privatization in the Republic of Tajikistan leads to the conclusion that privatization in the Republic, which has been carried out since the 1990s, was very conditional even despite the gradual improvement of legislation in this area. The Republic of Tajikistan, as well as the Russian Federation, is one of the countries of the former Soviet Union, in connection with which it can take as a basis the Russian experience of privatization.

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