scholarly journals To the History of Russian Sociology of the 1920–1930s: Soviet Marxism vs “Sociology of Knowledge”

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-174
Author(s):  
Alexander Malinkin
Keyword(s):  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
The Political ◽  
Group Affiliation ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Soviet Marxism ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia

In the 1920’s Marxism, having become the state ideology of Soviet Russia, took a leading position among the political ideologies of Europe in terms of its influence on the minds and hearts of people. The teachings of K. Marx and F. Engels received various interpretations, among which “sociology of knowledge” in the interpretation of M. Scheler and K. Mannheim earned the most recognition in the academic environment. It originated in Germany in the mid 1920’s as a result of criticism of the Marxist “theory of ideology”, of “economist” limitations of the materialistic vision of man, of history and society. In the USSR “sociology of knowledge” was understood to be the most refined attempt to overcome Marxism. The essential characteristics of Marxism and “sociology of knowledge” as interpreted by K. Mannheim are revealed, while being subjected to comparative and critical analysis. The first reaction of Soviet Marxist sociologists to “sociology of knowledge” is analyzed. In the light of this reaction, it was presented as “social fascism”. The specifics of how the teachings of K. Marx and F. Engels existed in the USSR during the 1920s–1930’s are evaluated. “Historical materialism” is qualified as a sociological methodology of suspicion, and the practice of its application by the Bolsheviks as a form of discrimination and persecution in society based on social class and social group affiliation.

Marxist Thought in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Ricupero
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
New Left ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
Political Traditions ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Life ◽  
Asian Context

The history of Marxism in Brazil has been marked by discord. This tension makes sense considering that historical materialism developed in a European social environment, contrasted, to some extent, with the Asian context. The problem is, therefore, twofold. First, the theory proved incapable of reflecting the specificity of a particular social formation. The latter, differing significantly from the reality in which Marxism emerged, comes to be seen as “eccentric.” Moreover, Marxist theory seeks to transform reality, which contributes to a confusion between thought and politics. In the same sense, Marxism cannot be self-sufficient, because it must respond to the challenges of the environment in which it is inserted, contributing, in turn, to its contact with other intellectual and political traditions. Marxist thought in Brazil can be divided into three main historical moments: the first was marked by the preponderant influence of communism, from the 1920s to the 1964 coup; the second was characterized by the emergence in the mid-1950s of a New Left; and the third was the debate regarding democracy, which has gained momentum since the end of the country’s most recent authoritarian period in 1985. Throughout this extended historical period, Brazilian Marxists have been preoccupied with a recurring concern: How will the Bourgeois Revolution happen in Brazil? The periodization is not exact, with trends often overlapping and fostering an evolving political culture. In this way, through opportunities seized and missed, the Left—whose main theoretical reference today is still Marxism—penetrated Brazilian society and became an important part of national life.

Liberal Toryism in the Twentieth Century

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 177-201
Author(s):  
Michael Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Deep Structure ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Party Ideology ◽  
The Moment

DUST has scarcely had time to settle on Lady Thatcher; yet already a thick sediment of historical significance attaches to the fifteen years of her ascendancy. The period between 1975 and 1990 looks likely to prove as significant for the political ideologies of the twenty-first century as that between, say, 1885 and 1906 currently looks for our own. In the twilight world of John Major (who appears part-antidote, part-surrogate), Conservative ideology is becoming informed by reviews from both sides as they reflect on not only what went wrong but what it was that seemingly went so right, from a party point of view, for so long. We have just had placed before us, for example, John Campbell's admirable biography of Sir Edward Heath, on theone hand, and Alan Clark's transfixing diaries very much on the other. Such documents supplement amass of theorising and comment by political scientists and journalists, most of which dwells on the twin themes of discontinuity and dichotomy. The history of the Tory party is seen to enter a period of catastrophe by the end of the Heath government out of which there emerges a distinct party ideology which people call ‘Thatcherism’: a ‘New Conservatism’ radically distinct from the compromise and accommodation that marked politics after 1951. But that process was contested within the party—hence a dichotomy between two persuasions: the hawks and the doves, the dries and the wets, the Tories and the Conservatives, the true blues and the Liberals. Language of this kind has a particular interest to historians. They want to raise issues about its chronological deep-structure: how ‘new’ was this ‘New Conservatism’?. They recognise the need to situate the dichotomies of the moment in a wider context of Conservative experience: how singular is a doctrine of dichotomy within Conservative party doctrine? Above all they bring into question bald postulates about the nature of current Conservatism which do not compare experience across time

The Metamorphosis of the Stalin Myth

1954 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
New Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Soviet Russia

THE death of Joseph Stalin marked the beginning of a new period in the history of the Soviet regime in Russia. It set in motion a train of events in the internal political life of the country which, for better or for worse, will alter the political personality of the Soviet regime as the world came to know it under the influence of Stalin's dominating figure. No one can yet predict with any confidence how this sequence of events will unfold in the years to come. The most that can be done at this early stage is to visualize the forces at work behind the scenes and strive to reach an informed preliminary guess about the direction or directions in which these forces are moving.That is the task of the present article. It seeks to investigate certain aspects of the post-Stalin train of events which are now themselves a part of history. Its purpose is to cast light upon some of the principal trends and issues in the internal political life of Soviet Russia since Stalin died. These trends and issues are for the most part hidden beneath the surface of Soviet public life; only occasionally, as in the Beria episode, have they erupted into full view of a perplexed and fascinated world. It is necessary, therefore, to study the submerged political realities through their indirect reflection in the public pronouncements of the controlled and official Soviet press. The central importance of the new regime‘s attitude toward Stalin and the Stalin heritage directs attention upon the changing manner in which the official propaganda has presented the image of Stalin to the Soviet people. We shall first tell the factual story of this process, tracing the steps by which Stalin‘s heirs successively dethroned him, partially restored him, and finally refashioned an entirely new Stalin image to fit their present needs. The latter part of the article attempts to interpret the political meaning of the new Stalin myth and of another new phenomenon closely associated with it, the “cult of the Party”

Theoretical analysis of Political Correctness Views

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Khalid Saleh Al-Rawi
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Political Correctness ◽  
The Political ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Intervention

The aim of this study was to briefly provide the history of the term ‘political correctness’ and discussed some of its views as well as mentioning two studies to support the claims. The importance is to identify the advantages and disadvantages of political correctness and to what extent the controversies over it could serve the political parties. The advantage of political correctness is to prevent individuals from harm, offensiveness, and discrimination, whereas the disadvantage is the ideological and political intervention because it would be difficult to separate cultural/political ideologies from a language.

scholarly journals Editorial

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. v-ix
Author(s):  
Jani Marjanen
Keyword(s):  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
The Political ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Concepts ◽  
Historical Discourses

This issue brings together five articles that deal with particular concepts in given historical discourses and are thus seemingly unrelated, but they are brought together because of their focus on words carrying the suffix -ism. The following issue will include two more articles that relate to the theme. The articles were chosen based on an open call for papers that was circulated widely. In parallel to this issue, a special issue on the political rhetoric of isms is also being published in the Journal of Political Ideologies. The review and publication processes have been conducted separately in the two journals, but in the end the two issues are being published nearly simultaneously, which will hopefully benefit both Contributions to the History of Concepts and the Journal of Political Ideologies.

scholarly journals Modernity as “passive revolution”: Gramsci and the Fundamental Concepts of Historical Materialism

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
The Political ◽  
Antonio Gramsci ◽  
Structure And Agency ◽  
Historical Materialist ◽  
Passive Revolution

Abstract The recent revival of interest in Marxism within and beyond the academy has led to various proposals for contemporary reconstructions of historical materialism. This article proposes that the work of Antonio Gramsci could provide the basis for an historical materialist interdisciplinary research programme today that is capable of engaging productively in dialogue with other traditions of thought, while respecting their (and its own) differences. The article focuses in particular on Gramsci’s development of the concept of “passive revolution,” arguing that his integration of elements from Marx’s Theses on Feuerbach permits him both to break with various “determinist” deformations of Marx's thought while at the same time insisting upon the integrity of Marxist theory, as a tradition of thought capable of renewal through self-criticism. It proposes that Gramsci's thought offers resources for an explanatory historical narrative of modernity focused upon the political moment as the dialectical unity of “structure” and “agency”.

Book Reviews: The Sources of Social Power Volume 1: A History of Power from the Beginning to A.D. 1760, A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism, Volume Two: The Nation-State and Violence, Nationalism and the State, The British State and the Ulster Crisis from Wilson to Thatcher, Sociological Theory, Religion and Collective Action, The Problem of Altruism, Subjectivity and Social Relations, Power, Action and Belief: A New Sociology of Knowledge?, Foucault, Marxism and History: Mode of Production versus Mode of Information, Genealogies of Morals: Nietzsche, Foucault, Donzelot and the Eccentricity of Ethics, Selections from Cultural Writings, Popular Culture and Social Relations, The Political Economy of Science and Technology, Casino Capitalism, The Enchanted World: Inflation, Credit and the World Crisis, Critique of Commodity Aesthetics: Appearance, Sexuality and Advertising in Capitalist Society, Western Sexuality: Practice and Precept in Past and Present Times, Cross-Class Families: A Study of Wives' Occupational Superiority, Plant Closings: Power, Politics and Workers, Official Statistics

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-475
Author(s):  
C. E. Ashworth ◽  
John A. Hall ◽  
Bernard Crick ◽  
Robert Bocock ◽  
Roger Trigg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Plant Closings ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
World Crisis ◽  
History Of ◽  
British State

Tracing Settler Colonialism: A Genealogy of a Paradigm in the Sociology of Knowledge Production in Israel

2021 ◽  
pp. 003232922199990
Author(s):  
Areej Sabbagh-Khoury
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Sociology Of Knowledge ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Critical Sociology ◽  
Critical Potential ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Knowledge is inextricably bound to power in the context of settler colonialism where apprehension of the Other is a tool of domination. Tracing the development of the “settler colonial” paradigm, this article deconstructs Zionist and Israeli dispossession of Palestinian land and sovereignty, applying the sociology of knowledge production to the study of the Israeli-Palestinian case. The settler colonial paradigm, linked to Israeli critical sociology, post-Zionism, and postcolonialism, reemerged following changes in the political landscape from the mid-1990s that reframed the history of the Nakba as enduring, challenged the Jewish definition of the state, and legitimated Palestinians as agents of history. Palestinian scholars in Israel lead the paradigm’s reformulation. This article offers a phenomenology of Palestinian positionality, a critical potential for decolonizing the settler colonial structure and exclusive Jewish sovereignty, to consolidate a field of study that shapes not only research into the Israeli-Palestinian case but approaches to decolonization and liberation.

Modernization of Soviet Russia in 1920-1930-ies: transformation programme of the RCP(b) — VKP(b) as instruments of struggle for power

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Anfert'ev
Keyword(s):  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
University Professors ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Proletarian Revolution ◽  
Managerial Experience ◽  
Ruling Party ◽  
Party State

The monograph is devoted to studying the process of implementation of modernization projects of the RCP(b) - VKP(b) 1920-1930-ies in the context of intra-party struggle for power. A lack of managerial experience in the leadership of the country, declared utopian ideas, the bureaucratization of the party-state apparatus and the commitment to radical ways of solving problems gave rise to political and socio-economic crises affect the results. Revealed the limits of the political life of leaders of the ruling party in the implementation of the political-administrative projects considered as a series of unjustified social and economic experiments, criticized the concept of the Soviet state as an apparatus of violence in the interests of the world proletarian revolution. Intended for specialists in the history of Soviet Russia of the twentieth century, University professors, and for anyone interested in Russian history.

The Organization of Football in Cyprus: History and Politics

STADION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-77
Author(s):  
Nikos Lekakis ◽  
Dimitris Gargalianos
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Greek Cypriot ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Cyprus ◽  
Turkish Cypriot ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Greek Cypriots

This paper employs the history and politics of football looking at discussions about Cyprus’ national identity, the relationship between the Greek-Cypriot state and its self-declared Turkish-Cypriot counterpart, and the possibility of reunification. It explores these issues from both sides of the divide, something rarely undertaken in Cyprus, and within a wider European perspective, by comparing it briefly with the modern football histories of Ireland, Spain and Bosnia & Herzegovina. Football and its inherent developments reflect not only the political rivalries in the world of Greek-Cypriot football, but also the encounters between Greek-Cypriots and Turkish-Cypriots. The history of Cypriot football has no similar precedent in the selected European space. In Ireland, the peace process has not ended historic civil society divisions, while football agents with opposing political ideologies across the Greek and Turkish divide in Cyprus have been able to overcome their differences, political elites on one side of the border have prevented unification. In Spain’s Catalonia, while the football-fed movement for independence, yet to materialize, remains subject to approval by Spain’s institutions, the independence of the de facto Turkish-Cypriot state would require the approval of the governments of the Republic of Cyprus, Greece, Turkey, and Britain. Finally, while FIFA and UEFA have successfully dictated the terms for the final admission of Bosnia & Herzegovina’s football Federation into their membership, they have failed to repeat this achievement in the Cypriot case.

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