scholarly journals O elementach fantastyki w literaturze XVI i XVII wieku. Wizje niezwykłych krain, państw i miast

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 125-138
Author(s):  
Anna Maciejewska
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Western European ◽  
The 19Th Century

The purpose of the article is to present elements of fantasy in selected works of old literature. It focuses above all on presenting the amazing places shown in literary works created in the 16th and 17th centuries. The author also shows similarities between fantasy, fairy tale, and utopia. Science fiction was created on the basis of utopia or anti-utopia, which lost their cognitive functions and began to discuss the characters’ adventures in such a way as to primarily provide entertainment to readers. In addition, the author points out that in the Renaissance era, Western European literary works containing elements of fantasy were primarily utopian or fairy-tale in nature. Their main role, however, was not to fulfill the entertainment function. It was only in the 19th century that leisure literature was discovered, when the ability to read and access to the text spread.

scholarly journals Symbolism and imagination of the medieval period: The lady and the unicorn in the works of Gustave Moreau

Kultura ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 51-68
Author(s):  
Jovana Nikolić
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Art Forms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Gustave Moreau ◽  
Intellectual Climate

The French Symbolist painter Gustave Moreau often used the motifs of fantastic beings and animals in his works, amongst which the unicorn found its place. Moreau got the inspiration for the unicorn motif after a visit to the Cluny Museum in Paris, in which six medieval tapestries with the name "The Lady and the Unicorn" were exhibited. Relying on the French Middle Age heritage, Moreau has interpreted the medieval legend of the hunt for this fantastic beast (with the aid of a virgin) in a new way, close to the art of Symbolism and the ideas of the cultural and intellectual climate of Paris at the end of the 19th century. In the Moreau's paintings "The Unicorn" and "The Unicorns", beautiful young nude girls are portrayed in the company of one or multiple unicorns. Similarly to the lady on the medieval tapestry, they too gently caress the animal, showing a close and sensual relationship between them. Although they were rid of their clothes, the artist donned lavish capes, crowns and jewellery on them, alluding to their privileged social status. Their beauty, nudity and closeness with the unicorns ties them to the theme of the femme fatal, which was often depicted in the Symbolist art forms. Showing the fairer sex as beings closer to the material, instinctual and irrational, Moreau has equated women and animals, as is the case with these paintings. Another important theme of the Symbolic art forms which can be seen on the aforementioned paintings is nature, wild and untouched. The landscape in the paintings shows a harmony between the unrestrained nature and the heroes of the painting, freed from strict moral laws of the civil society, or civilization in general. Putting the ladies and the unicorns in an ideal forest landscape, Moreau paints an intimate vision of an imaginary golden age, in this case the Middle Age, through a harmonic relationship of unicorns, women and nature. In that manner, Moreau's unicorns tell a fairy tale of a modern European man at the end of the 19th century: a fairy tale of harmony, sensuality and beauty, hidden in the realms of imagination and dreams.

The cultural baggage of the desert island

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Straw
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Desert Island ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Baggage

The notion of the desert island disc has its roots in ideas of travel and self-improvement extending at least as far back as the 17th century. Lists of records to be taken to a desert island follow on from collections of books to be taken on long sea voyages. Descriptions of these collections recur throughout 19th century journalism, then become fashionable in the 1910s and 1920s, when the concept of ‘literature as luggage’ enjoys a brief vogue. By the 1930s, musical recordings begin to take their place alongside lists of literary works, laying the groundwork for Desert Island Discs and other manifestations of a music-oriented turn towards personal musical canons. Noting the ways in which such lists move between expressions of personal affinity and acknowledgements of public canons, the chapter traces the evolution of the travel-list and the shipwreck-list through literature and music from the 19th century onward.

scholarly journals The organisation of solfège pedagogy in Serbia from the second half of the 19th century until today - achievements and attainments

Muzikologija ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 27-50
Author(s):  
Kristina Parezanovic
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Music Education ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
Music Pedagogy ◽  
World War ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Western European ◽  
The 19Th Century

This research focuses on the development of art music, music pedagogy and teaching solf?ge in Serbia in the long period stretching from the second half of the 19th century until the present day. In this article I present a chronology of the institutionalisation of the music education system in Serbia; then, I discuss the origins of the influence of Western European artistic-pedagogical practices on Serbian teaching, through the testimonies by Stevan Hristic, Berthold Hartmann, Miloje Milojevic, Stanislav Vinaver, Milan Grol and others. I finish with the presentation of the most important Serbian music pedagogues and their achievements in the period before World War II (Stevan Stojanovic Mokranjac, Isidor Bajic, Miloje Milojevic, Miodrag Vasiljevic) in parallel with the results and practices of the Western European and global music pedagogy. My goal is to observe Serbian approaches to music pedagogy in relation to the question of the possibilities, realistic or hypothetical, to use the educational principles which were in expansion in Europe at the end of the 19 th and beginning of the 20th centuries in Serbian music pedagogy. After examining the methods of teaching solf?ge in the period from the end of World War II until today, I conclude that Serbia has developed its own pedagogic style (even though it is based on the complementarity of several autochthonous and foreign methodical solutions), built upon and supperted by the experience and knowledge of Serbian and foreign attainments in music pedagogy.

scholarly journals Russian Reception by James Hogg (Mid-19th — Early 20th Centuries)

2021 ◽  
pp. 213-225
Author(s):  
D. N. Zhatkin ◽  
A. A. Ryabova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
English Literature ◽  
The Novel ◽  
James Hogg ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western European ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Source Of Information

The article continues a series of works devoted to the Russian reception of the Scottish writer James Hogg (1770—1835), a famous interpreter of folk ballads and author of “The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner” (1824). The facts and materials related to the perception of J. Hogg in Russia in the middle of the XIX — early XX century are collected and summarized. It is noted that during the period under review, no new translations of J. Hogg's poetry and prose into Russian were created, however, in the articles of leading literary critics (N. G. Chernyshevsky, M. L. Mikhailov, A. V. Druzhinin) when analyzing the works of N. V. Gogol, T. Goode, the translation activity of I. S. Turgenev expressed opinions on certain aspects of the biography and work of the Scottish author. It has been established that the main source of information about J. Hogge and his work was for the Russian reader of the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries translated publications on the history of English literature and culture, other books by Western European researchers published in Russia. The manifestations of interest of Russian researchers and popularizers of English literature in the work of J. Hogg are comprehended, with special attention paid to the article by N. A. Solovyov-Nesmelov “James Hogg”, which was a literary sketch about the childhood of the writer, and the essay by K. F. Tiander the novel of the first quarter of the 19th century, which offers a different assessment from the predecessors of the Scottish author’s activities as a continuer of the traditions of M. Edgeworth. 

scholarly journals The Promotion of Pilgrimage Sites in Moravia through Broadside Ballads in the First Half of the 19th century

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 188-195
Author(s):  
Jakub Ivánek ◽  
Monika Szturcová
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
First Case ◽  
Broadside Ballads ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Joseph Ii ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
New Situation

The article deals with broadside ballads with themes related to pilgrimage, which were used by Moravian pilgrims from the 1790s, but mainly in the first half of the 19th century. The period under study thus begins after the death of the Enlightenment ruler Joseph II, who introduced a number of restrictive measures into the pilgrimage system, which altered the pilgrimage practice. The quantity of pilgrimage songs then published as broadside ballads proves the unceasing interest of especially commoners in pilgrimages and the culture associated with them. The songs themselves, however, occasionally mirror the new situation. The first case is represented by songs about the pilgrimage sites abolished by the reforms of Joseph II and later (mostly from the second quarter of the 19th century) renewed (an analysis on the examples of Bludov and Hostýn). The second case includes newly established pilgrimage sites, which sometimes claim allegedly ancient history but are often only local replacements for more remote pilgrimage sites (an analysis on the examples of Jalubí and Lutršték near Němčany). The main role in the restoration and establishment of pilgrimage sites at that time was played by commoners, often peasants, who, after the Enlightenment reforms, assumed the role previously reserved for higher-ranking people (the nobility, clergy and burghers). Likewise the literature promoting the new or restored sites comes from these circles, which is reflected in a certain primitiveness of expression, yet interspersed with remnants of Baroque stereotypes.

scholarly journals Perubahan Makna Kata Tengah dalam Hikayat Aceh (1625); Hikayat Siak (1855); dan Belahan Jiwa (2012) (The Change Oof Word Meaning “Tengah” In Hikayat Aceh (1625); Hikayat Siak (1855); And Belahan Jiwa (2012))

JALABAHASA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Rissa Yulia Pungkysari
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Ibarat makhluk hidup, bahasa mengalami perkembangan yang secara otomatis menghasilkan suatu perubahan. Perubahan dalam bahasa dapat meliputi perubahan dari segi fonologi, morfologi, sintaksis, dan semantik. Penelitian ini membahas perubahan dari segi semantik kata tengah dalam tiga karya sastra yang berbeda periode, yaitu Hikayat Aceh (1625) dari abad ke17, Hikayat Siak (1855) dari abad ke-19, dan Belahan Jiwa (2012) dari abad ke-21. Kalimatkalimat yang mengandung kata tengah dalam ketiga karya sastra diiventarisasi dan dianalisis menggunakan teori Cruse (2000) tentang semantik leksikal dan semantik gramatikal. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, penulis mengidentifikasi lima definisi makna kata tengah dalam karya sastra Hikayat Aceh (1625), Hikayat Siak (1855), dan Belahan Jiwa (2012). Lima definisi makna yang ditemukan meliputi tempat di antara dua tepi, sela/antara, paruh/perdua, sedang, dan sekitar; kira-kira; kurang lebih. Perubahan yang tampak pada pemaknaan kata tengah adalah eliminasi kata tengah yang bermakna sekitar; kira-kira; kurang lebih dalam bahasa Indonesia yang digunakan saat ini.Just like living things, language developes which is automatically produces a change. The changes of language may include the changes in terms of phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. This study discusses the semantic changes of the word tengah in three different period of literary works, namely Hikayat Aceh (1625) from the 17th century, Hikayat Siak (1855) from the 19th century, and the Hemisphere (2012) from the 21st century. Sentences which contain the word tengah in all three literary works are collected and analyzed using Cruse's (2000) theory of lexical semantics and grammatical semantics. Based on the results of the analysis, the authors identified five definitions of the meanings of the word tengah in the Hikayat Aceh literature (1625), Hikayat Siak (1855), and Belahan Jiwa (2012). The five definitions of meaning found include tempat di antara dua tepi, sela/antara, paruh/perdua, sedang, and sekitar; kira-kira; kurang lebih. The changes appear in the definition of the word tengah was the elimination of the word tengah which means sekitar; kira-kira; kurang lebih. 

Love and Mathemetics. Sofia Kovalevska – Science and Struggle for Happiness

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-276
Author(s):  
Nurie Muratova
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Russian Mathematician ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

The author follows the professional successes and the personal experience of the one of the first women in the modern science – the Russian mathematician Sofia Kovalevska. The dialogue between her strong will, energy and intellect in the male world of science and her delicate sensibility and deep emotionality in her literary works has been analysed and the conflict points has been outlined. The author tries to answer to the question why despite of her professional successes Sofia Kovalevska felt unhappy, why the question of happiness is key question in her literary works and memoirs. Due to the tension between the profession-al and personal discourses a sense of polyphony and lack of satisfaction is marking her narratives. An attempt has been made to place Kovalevska in the trends of the Russian feminism in the second half of the 19th century.

The Sultan's Entrepreneurs: The Avrupa Tüccaris and the Hayriye Tüccaris in Syria

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Masters
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Western European ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
Arab Middle East

By the first quarter of the 19th century, foreigners and Ottomans alike were keenly aware that the sovereignty of the house of Osman was rapidly eroding. Austrian and Russian armies threatened the empire from without; ethnic revolts and secession beset it from within. Its occasional allies Britain and France ate away at its autonomy through growing economic and political influence. The military threats were apparent, but the Porte was less alert to the dangers its relationships with the Western European powers held for Ottoman hegemony over the peoples of the Balkans and the Arab Middle East.1

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