scholarly journals The Promotion of Pilgrimage Sites in Moravia through Broadside Ballads in the First Half of the 19th century

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 188-195
Author(s):  
Jakub Ivánek ◽  
Monika Szturcová
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
First Case ◽  
Broadside Ballads ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Joseph Ii ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
New Situation

The article deals with broadside ballads with themes related to pilgrimage, which were used by Moravian pilgrims from the 1790s, but mainly in the first half of the 19th century. The period under study thus begins after the death of the Enlightenment ruler Joseph II, who introduced a number of restrictive measures into the pilgrimage system, which altered the pilgrimage practice. The quantity of pilgrimage songs then published as broadside ballads proves the unceasing interest of especially commoners in pilgrimages and the culture associated with them. The songs themselves, however, occasionally mirror the new situation. The first case is represented by songs about the pilgrimage sites abolished by the reforms of Joseph II and later (mostly from the second quarter of the 19th century) renewed (an analysis on the examples of Bludov and Hostýn). The second case includes newly established pilgrimage sites, which sometimes claim allegedly ancient history but are often only local replacements for more remote pilgrimage sites (an analysis on the examples of Jalubí and Lutršték near Němčany). The main role in the restoration and establishment of pilgrimage sites at that time was played by commoners, often peasants, who, after the Enlightenment reforms, assumed the role previously reserved for higher-ranking people (the nobility, clergy and burghers). Likewise the literature promoting the new or restored sites comes from these circles, which is reflected in a certain primitiveness of expression, yet interspersed with remnants of Baroque stereotypes.

Orientalism in the Art Music of the Ionian Islands

2019 ◽  
pp. 296-317
Author(s):  
Kostas Kardamis
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Art Music ◽  
Ionian Islands ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Ionian Islands were at an early stage cut off from the Eastern Roman Empire, experienced the changes that came with the Renaissance, actively participated in the Enlightenment and were in contact with the multifarious ideologies of the 19th century. These factors transformed their art music, which followed the ‘western’ trends. In this context, ‘orientalism’ appeared as an additional creative element in certain indigenous composers’ works. Its use ranged from the stereotypical ‘western’ approach regarding the Orient to the employment of ‘oriental’ elements as media of political (especially during the struggles for the Islands’ annexation to the Greek Kingdom), national (as a conventional ‘Greek characteristic’) and social statements, and as a way for the works’ entrepreneurial promotion to a larger audience. The chapter discusses these changing—and often concurrent and diverging—attitudes through case studies; it stresses that ‘orientalism’ never became a compositional fixation for Ionian Islands composers.

scholarly journals České kramářské tisky – pokus o definici a typologii

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
Jakub Ivánek
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Broadside Ballads ◽  
The 19Th Century

The paper focuses on the issue of a relatively wide range of kramářské tisky – the medium of Czech popular literature of the Early Modern period and the 19th century. They mostly contained kramářské písně (Czech equivalent for broadside ballads), which are currently in the spotlight of Czech research interest. Kramářský tisk can also be defined by means of equivalents in other languages. The English term chapbooks, for example, may be helpful in emphasising the commercial focus of this literature (kramářské tisky could be literally translated as ‘chapman prints’). Although the English term cannot be clearly defined either, researchers generally come to an agreement that it is a publication of booklet character, of smaller extent as well as format (usually octavo or smaller, made of no more than three sheets of paper or having up to 99 pages). It was distributed by tradesmen at fairs, by colportage or soliciting. It was cheap (both in terms of production and price) and it brought what the broad spectrum of readers in towns and later in the countryside demanded – popular reading in the true sense of the word. It is complicated to include popular histories (knížky lidového čtení) in the comparison – they fit most of the features above, but they were made by folding and joining more sheets of paper and greatly exceed the imaginary limit of 99 pages. Therefore, this paper also deals with boundary media, which surpass the defined extent but principally are still chapman goods (i.e. small-format books of various lengths distributed at fairs and by soliciting). The text of the study draws attention to the appearance and development of certain types of kramářské tisky of both religious and secular content. For a better illustration, many of these types are mediated by an image.

scholarly journals Filozoficzno-historyczne zaplecze etyki biznesu

2018 ◽  
pp. 151-179
Author(s):  
Paweł Więckowski
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
European Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
The 19Th Century

The text describes different philosophical concepts and historically important cultural phenomena that should be considered while rethinking ethical side of business. Broad range of both philosophical (such as the search for the foundations of morality, social contract) and social subjects (such as history of centralized state, individualism) is presented to help the reflections. The background for analysis is the history of culture, especially of primary collective society; contrasted with it is individualism of classical Athens with corresponding reaction of philosophers; development of state and Christianity in Roman Empire; organismic medieval state; Renaissance, reformation and the birth of capitalism; the Enlightenment breakthrough and English capitalism; liberalism and Darwinism of the 19th century; the catastrophe of European culture and success of America of the 20th century.

scholarly journals Between the old and the new : Friedrich Gentz, 1764-1832

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ardis Travis Eakin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Edmund Burke ◽  
The Political ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Revolutionary Era ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
Revolutionary Ideology ◽  
The 19Th Century

This dissertation reviews the life and political impact of Friedrich Gentz, who was born in Breslau, Prussia, in 1764, and died in Vienna, Austria, in 1832. Though remembered today as only a second- (or even third)- tier statesman alongside such luminaries of his day as Napoleon, Metternich, Wellington, and others, Gentz was nonetheless of importance in the shifting tides of late 18th and early 19th-century politics in Europe. The German translator of Edmund Burke, he was instrumental in bringing the conservative thinker's ideas into the conversations of Central Europe, while his writings against first the French Revolution, then Napoleon, marked him as one of the leading opponents of revolutionary ideology, and led the French emperor to dub him "that miserable scribe." But Gentz was important even beyond his anti-revolutionary polemics. As a product of the Enlightenment, he had some sympathy with the forces of modernity, and his career reflected the struggle to combine an openness to reform with hostility to revolution. In his later collaboration with Metternich to forge what became known as the Restoration, we can see just how much the post-Napoleonic conservative order in Europe was built upon a specific vision, one that rejected the quasi-feudal patterns of the ancien regime just as firmly as it did the democratic radicalism of its own day. Though it ultimately did not last, Gentz's work is clearly visible in the political contours of the 19th century. From the Enlightenment salons of Berlin to the dazzling Congress of Vienna and beyond, Between the Old and the New traces the eventful career of one of the most interesting men of letters in Revolutionary-era Europe.

scholarly journals K problematiki štajersko-hrvaške dravske meje konec 18. stol.

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-128
Author(s):  
Filip Čuček
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Bed Changes ◽  
Joseph Ii ◽  
The 19Th Century

On the basis of the archival materials the author focuses on the Styrian-Croatian border river Drava (between Ormož and Središče) at the end of the 18th century, when (due to the river bed changes) the competent authorities under Maria Theresa and Joseph II started to focus on the consequent border disputes. After the massive floods of the river Drava in the 18th century, the border residents who suffered damages (on the Styrian side) complained more and more frequently, trying to solve the situation at hand. The author is specifically interested in how the river bed changes influenced the life of the residents of the areas by the river and how these people solved the mutual local disputes at the turn of the century (before the border was agreed upon and drawn at the beginning of the 19th century).

scholarly journals Manuscritos dieciochescos desconocidos del Fondo Altamira en la Biblioteca de Ginebra

2018 ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
José Checa Beltrán ◽  
Abraham Madroñal Durán
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Satire ◽  
Siglo De Oro ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Unpublished Manuscripts ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Sobre Todo

RESUMENEn la «Collection Favre» de la Bibliothèque de Genève se custodia el «Fondo Altamira», 83 códices con unos diez mil documentos históricos y literarios, casi todos manuscritos. Contienen textos de los siglos XV al XVIII. Constituyen una pequeña parte del enorme fondo documental que en el siglo XIX pertenecía a los Condes de Altamira. Cuatro de esos 83 volúmenes contienen manuscritos literarios del Siglo de Oro y, sobre todo, del siglo ilustrado. Los autores de este artículo ofrecen aquí un catálogo de todos esos textos, centrando su atención en los relativos al siglo XVIII. La mayor parte de este inventario corresponde a manuscritos desconocidos e inéditos: diez comedias y un gran número de composiciones poéticas de temática variada, amorosa, sátira política, religiosa, temas festivos, eventos, milagros, villancicos, sobre teatro y actores, etc.PALABRAS CLAVELiteratura del siglo XVIII español, manuscritos literarios inéditos del siglo XVIII español, Fondo Altamira, Biblioteca de Ginebra, Collection Favre. TITLEUnknown eighteenth-century manuscripts from the Altamira Archives at Geneva LibraryABSTRACTIn the «Collection Favre» of the Bibliothèque de Genève the «Fondo Altamira» is guarded, 83 codices with some ten thousand historical and literary documents, almost all manuscripts. They contain texts from the 15th to the 18th centuries. They constitute a small part of the enormous documentary collection that belonged to the Counts of Altamira in the 19th century. Four of those 83 volumes contain literary manuscripts of the Golden Age and, above all, the Enlightenment century. The authors of this article offer a catalogue of all these texts, with a particular focus on those related to the XVIII Century. Most of this inventory corresponds to unknown and unpublished manuscripts: ten comedies and a large number of poetic compositions of varied theme, love, political satire, religious, festive themes, events, miracles, Christmas carols, theater and actors, etc.KEY WORDSLiterature of the eighteenth century Spanish, unpublished literary manuscripts of the eighteenth century Spanish, Altamira Archives, Geneva Library, Collection Favre.

Cursed with Patriotism. The Educational Potential of Enslavement (Polish Society in the Russian Partition of Poland in the First Half of the 19th Century)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Jędrychowska
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Civic Identity ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
National Education ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Educational Potential

AbstractThe paper presents the educational space of Polish homes and schools during the Partitions of Poland, with emphasis on its crucial role in the process of integration of the young generation, the birth of solidarity among them, and shaping their national and civic identity. Especially the Enlightenment ideas of the Commission of National Education (Komisja Edukacji Narodowej – KEN) that were to be found in the course books of the Wilno Educational District from 1803 to 1832 made it possible to perpetuate the model of patriotic education originated in family homes.

Brazilian Slave Revolts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Figueiredo Pirola
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Slave Labor ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The World ◽  
Brazilian History ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Vast Territory ◽  
Slave Revolts

Brazil received the largest number of enslaved Africans in the countries in the Americas. Of the 12.5 million men and women taken captive in Africa, about 5.5 million (44 percent) were sent to Brazil, which became one of the main slaveholding areas in the world. The enslavement of Africans and their descendants persisted in that country for more than three centuries and permeated all aspects of life. There was no work in which slave labor was not used, whether in the fields or in towns and cities throughout Brazil’s vast territory. The wealth produced by the exploitation of sugar cane, coffee, and the extraction of gold and diamonds relied primarily on the work of enslaved Africans. Brazil was built on the backs of Blacks. If the work of enslaved Africans and their descendants marked the building of wealth in that country, the struggles they waged over the centuries were also part of Brazilian history. The enslaved resisted the world conceived by their masters in many ways: by sabotaging the production of goods, slowing the pace of work, escaping, forming quilombos (maroon communities), killing masters and overseers, and planning slave revolts. These various forms of resistance coexisted during over three centuries of slavery in Brazil, but above all in the 19th century, when most of the collective slave revolts occurred. This does not mean that there were no uprisings before that time, but the accelerated arrival of Africans in the 19th century and the dissemination of several revolutionary ideologies (such as Islamism and the ideas of equality and freedom arising from the Enlightenment) created a favorable context for the outbreak of mass revolts. It was in the 1800s, specifically in 1835, that Brazil witnessed the largest urban uprising of enslaved individuals in the Americas when the Revolt of the Malês erupted in the streets of Salvador, Bahia.

The First Case of Tracheotomy Published in Greece in the 19th Century

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-101
Author(s):  
A. Passias ◽  
Athanasios Margaritis ◽  
A. Liarmakopoulou ◽  
P. Tzimas ◽  
G. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
First Case ◽  
The 19Th Century

Introduction: Art Periodicals Today, Historically Considered

ARTMargins ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Octavian Eşanu ◽  
Angela Harutyunyan
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Introduction to the Special Issue entitled Art Periodicals, Historically Considered sketches an outline of the advent of periodicals in the context of the Enlightenment demand for the public use of reason, and situates the emergence of art periodicals in the context of the advent of autonomous art since the 19th century. The article introduces the contributions to the Special Issue and opens up a way to reposition the question of critique in today's art publishing.

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