scholarly journals Pozycja prawna pracowników kolejowych w okresie militaryzacji PKP w drugiej połowie lat czterdziestych XX wieku

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-127
Author(s):  
Artur Ogurek
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Railway Workers ◽  
The Military

The article is an attempt to present the changes in legal status of railway workers as a result of the militarization of railways in Poland in the second half of the 1940s, including the context and consequences of the militarization process. Literature research as well as query and analysis of legal acts led us to the conclusion that as a result of recognizing PKP employees as called up for military service, their subordination for committed crimes, the jurisdiction of the Military Prosecutor’s Office of the Polish State Railways, and the Military Court of PKP were established. In the article I also describe the main factors of the transformation the special justice system underwent in the analyzed period, proving that it was not the first militarization of the railways in Poland, as well as that the legal acts introducing the militarization in 1944 referred to — at least partially — the tradition of the previous double militarization of railways in the Second Polish Republic.

scholarly journals Advancing the Line: Increasing Empirical Literature on Justice-Involved Veterans

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 735-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Combat Exposure ◽  
Therapeutic Jurisprudence ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Military Population ◽  
Treatment Courts ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Military ◽  
Veterans Treatment Courts

American veterans have long struggled with the aftereffects of combat exposure, repeated deployments to hostile countries, and extended time spent away from their families and loved ones. Historically, when veterans struggling with issues such as mental illness and substance abuse, which can be related back to their military service, came into contact with the criminal justice system, they were processed without regard to their unique military experience. Beginning in 2008, however, a new type of problem-solving court, veterans’ treatment courts (VTCs), have been increasingly adopted to target justice-involved veterans to address the distinct issues and challenges they face. VTCs are modeled after the successful drug and mental health court models and, as such, utilize therapeutic jurisprudence and effective intervention. However, they have not been subjected to the same amount of scholarly attention the aforementioned courts themselves have. This editorial introduction briefly reviews past and current research on justice-involved veterans and calls for the continued empirical assessment of VTCs to better understand both their impact and the military population they serve.

scholarly journals The Main Factors of Well-Being and Success of the Officer Family in the Modern World

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Iurevna Mishina ◽  
Gulnara Shikhmuratovna Bibarsova ◽  
Olga Aleksandrovna Ulianova
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Military Academy ◽  
Young Officer ◽  
The Family ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Happy Family ◽  
The Military

The authors of the article considered officer families, defined the role and importance of the family for the officer, highlighted the socio-psychological characteristics of the family of a serviceman, taking into account the influence of the specifics of military service on it. The authors gave an answer to the question how to create a prosperous and happy family for officers, taking into account four types of compatibility, presented the results of a survey conducted among female servicemen studying at the Military Academy of Communications, who answered the question: "What factors of well-being of an officer's family in the modern world do you consider the main ones?", gave recommendations for the preservation of prosperous relationships in young officer families.

scholarly journals Criminal Law Influence on Military Servicemen in the Military Security Assurance Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Ruslan V. Zakomoldin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Military Security ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
The Military

The article is devoted to the analysis of special norms and provisions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, reflecting the specifics of criminal law impact in relation to military personnel as a special subject. The article analyzes the military criminal legislation as a special criminal legal institution that allows differentiating criminal responsibility and punishment of servicemen, taking into account the specifics of their legal status and the tasks they perform in the conditions of military service. On the basis of the analysis undertaken, conclusions and proposals are formulated for introducing amendments and additions to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in terms of the criminal law protection of military security and criminal law impact on servicemen.

The Perpetuation of Gender Norms and White Hegemonic Patriarchy in the South African Defence Force as Represented in André van der Merwe’s Moffie (2006)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Nolen Fortuin
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Novel ◽  
White Family ◽  
White Children ◽  
White Masculinity ◽  
Party Government ◽  
Compulsory Military Service ◽  
The Military

With the institution of compulsory military service in South Africa in 1948 the National Party government effected a tool well shaped for the construction of hegemonic masculinities. Through this, and other structures like schools and families, white children were shaped into submissive abiding citizens. Due to the brutal nature of a militarised society, gender roles become strictly defined and perpetuated. As such, white men’s time served on the border also “toughened” them up and shaped them into hegemonic copies of each other, ready to enforce patriarchal and racist ideologies. In this article, I look at how the novel Moffie by André Carl van der Merwe (2006) illustrates hegemonic white masculinity in South Africa and how it has long been strictly regulated to perpetuate the well-being of the white family as representative of the capitalist state. I discuss the novel by looking at the ways in which the narrator is marked by service in the military, which functions as a socialising agent, but as importantly by the looming threat of the application of the term “moffie” to himself, by self or others.  

Religion and the Military

2018 ◽  
pp. 535-552
Author(s):  
Leana A. Bouffard ◽  
Haerim Jin
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Criminal Justice Policy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Offending Patterns ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter provides an overview of the literature examining the role of religion and military service in the desistance process. It also identifies outstanding issues and directions for future research. It first presents an overview of research examining the role of religion in desistance and highlights measurement issues, potential intervening mechanisms, and a consideration of faith-based programs as criminal justice policy. Next, this chapter covers the relationship between military service and offending patterns, including period effects that explain variation in the relationship, selection effects, and the incorporation of military factors in criminal justice policy and programming. The chapter concludes by highlighting general conclusions from these two bodies of research and questions to be considered in future research.

Health and Service-related Impact of Sexual and Stalking Victimization During United States Military Service on LGBT Service Members

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052097031
Author(s):  
Cary Leonard Klemmer ◽  
Ashley C. Schuyler ◽  
Mary Rose Mamey ◽  
Sheree M. Schrager ◽  
Carl Andrew Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Military Service ◽  
The United States ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
Service Members ◽  
United States Military ◽  
Service Outcomes ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Military ◽  
Stalking Victimization

Prior research among military personnel has indicated that sexual harassment, stalking, and sexual assault during military service are related to negative health sequelae. However, research specific to LGBT U.S. service members is limited. The current study aimed to explore the health, service utilization, and service-related impact of stalking and sexual victimization experiences in a sample of active-duty LGBT U.S. service members ( N = 248). Respondent-driven sampling was used to recruit study participants. U.S. service members were eligible to participate if they were 18 years or older and active-duty members of the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, or U.S. Air Force. This study included a sizeable portion of transgender service members ( N = 58, 23.4%). Sociodemographic characteristics, characteristics of military service, health, and sexual and stalking victimization in the military were assessed. Regression was used to examine relationships between health and service outcomes and sexual and stalking victimization during military service. Final adjusted models showed that experiencing multiple forms of victimization in the military increased the odds of visiting a mental health clinician and having elevated somatic symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology, anxiety, and suicidality. Sexual and stalking victimization during U.S. military service was statistically significantly related to the mental and physical health of LGBT U.S. service members. Interventions to reduce victimization experiences and support LGBT U.S. service members who experience these types of violence are indicated. Research that examines the role of LGBT individuals’ experiences and organizational and peer factors, including social support, leadership characteristics, and institutional policies in the United States military is needed.

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