scholarly journals Reduction of the number of cylinders in internal combustion engines – contemporary trends in downsizing

2014 ◽  
Vol 159 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Pielecha ◽  
Wojciech Cieślik ◽  
Przemysław Borowski ◽  
Jakub Czajka ◽  
Wojciech Bueschke
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Performance Parameters

The article presents the possibility of reduction of the CO2 emission due to application of downsizing, resulting also in the reduction in fuel consumption by engines. From 2015, carbon dioxide emissions will be limited to 130 g/km. Due to this there has been observed an increase in the number of three-cylinder combustion engines on the offer of most global automotive companies. In the article are presented selected new designs of three-cylinder engines, with focus on their performance parameters. The static and dynamic downsizing has been defined as the contemporary direction of the development of combustion engines. In the article are also suggested indexes of static and dynamic downsizing and their interdependency for the considered combustion engines.

Design and Operation of a Hybrid CCHP System Including PV-Wind Devices

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Wang ◽  
J. Y. Wu ◽  
C. Y. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Wind System ◽  
Fuel Price

CCHP systems based on internal combustion engines have been widely accepted as efficient distributed energy resources systems. CCHP systems can be efficient mainly because that the waste heat of engines can be recovered and used. If the waste heat is not used, CCHP systems may not be beneficial choices. PV-wind systems can generate electricity without fuel consumption, but the electric output depends on the weather, which is not reliable. A PV-wind system can be integrated into a CCHP system to form a higher efficient energy system. Actually, a hybrid energy system based on PV-wind devices and internal combustion engines has been studied by many researchers. But the waste heat of the engine is seldom considered in the previous work. Researches show that, 20∼30% energy can be converted into electricity by a small size engine while more than 70% is released. If the waste heat is not recovered, the system cannot reach a high efficiency. This work aims to analyze a hybrid CCHP system with PV-wind devices. Internal combustion engines are the prime movers whose waste heat is recovered for house heating or driving absorption chillers. PV-wind devices are added to reduce the fuel consumption and total cost. The optimal design method and optimal operation strategy are proposed basing on hourly analyses. Influences of the device cost and fuel price on the optimal dispatch strategies are discussed. Results show that all of the excess energy from the PV-wind system is not worth being stored by the battery. The hybrid CCHP system can be more economical and higher efficient in the studied case.

scholarly journals The Impact of Powering an Engine with Fuels from Renewable Energy Sources including its Software Modification on a Drive Unit Performance Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markiewicz ◽  
Muślewski
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
The Impact

The application of fuels from renewable energy sources for combustion engine powering involves a great demand for this kind of energy while its production infrastructure remains underdeveloped. The use of this kind of fuel is supposed to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and the depletion of natural resources and to increase the share of renewable energy sources in total energy consumption and thus support sustainable development in Europe. This study presents the results of research on selected performance parameters of transport by internal combustion engines including: power, torque, the emission of sound generated by the engine, the content of exhaust components (oxygen O2, carbon monoxide CO, carbon dioxide CO2, nitrogen dioxide NO2), and the content of particulate matter (PM) in exhaust emission. Three self-ignition engines were tested. The fuel injection controllers of the tested internal combustion engines were additionally adjusted by increasing the fuel dose and the load of air. The material used in the tests were mixtures of diesel oil and fatty acid methyl esters of different concentration. A statistical analysis was performed based of the results. The purpose of the work was to develop a resulting model for assessing the operation of engines fueled with biofuel and diesel mixtures while changing the vehicle's computer software. A computer simulation algorithm was also developed for the needs of the tests which was used to prognose the state of the test results for variable input parameters.

scholarly journals Camshaftless Technology on Internal Engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Van Viet Pham
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Exhaust Valve ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Toothed Belt ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Exhaust Valves

Along with the development of internal combustion engines, camshafts have also been developed to optimize engine performance. In all types of internal combustion engines, the crankshaft is connected to the camshaft via a toothed belt, chain or pinion. When the crankshaft turns, the camshaft spins and opens and closes the intake and exhaust valve respectively. However, in this non-camshaft engine technology, each intake and exhaust valve will be integrated with an electronically controlled hydraulic pump unit. This system provides a unique ability to independently control intake and exhaust valves. For any engine load, load and discharge times can be programmed independently. The decision system is based on driving conditions, used to maximize performance or minimize fuel consumption and emissions. This allows a greater degree of control over the engine which in turn provides significant performance benefits. This article presents reviews of camshaftless technology developed by VALEO. It is a system that uses solenoid valves to open and close the valve. The solenoid valve will be mounted right on top of the valve inside the engine. The author can see that the technology using this electronic control valve will help reduce the fuel consumption of the engine.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF OPERATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES WORKING ONE BIOGAS FROM THE LANDFILL WASTES

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
T. V. Dykun ◽  
L. I. Haieva ◽  
F. V. Kozak ◽  
Ya. M. Demianchuk
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Effective Power ◽  
Energy Independence ◽  
Ice Leads

The problem of the effective use of traditional energy sources and the search for alternative resources is currently urgent. Today, in Ukraine, the low-calorie gas potential, which in large quantities is formed in landfills from solid household wastes, in particular biogas, is almost not used. The number of existing domestic installations for the disposal of this gas is insignificant. Today, this valuable resource in quantities of up to 1 billion cubic meters per year is emitted into the atmosphere contaminating it, or burned in flares. Rarely biogas is used in automotive internal combustion engines. However, replacing gasoline with biogas results in reduction in engine power and an increase in fuel consumption. Knowing the component composition of biogas, one can calculate the heat of its combustion and the heat of combustion of gas-air mixtures. According to the results of analytical studies, the graphic dependences of the change in effective power, torque and the effective specific biogas flow rate on engine revolutions were constructed and a comparison of these values with those of a petrol engine was performed. Dependencies show that the use of biogas as a fuel for the ICE leads to a significant reduction of the above parameters: in particular, the effective power decreases to 20%, torque to 22%, and the specific effective fuel consumption increases by 170%. However, due to the low cost of this type of automobile fuel and the considerable resource base for its obtaining in Ukraine, one can conclude - the use of biogas from landfills should be expanded and this is promising, in terms of energy independence of both separate economic entities and the state as a whole.

scholarly journals Prospects of engine building transformation to the hydrogen-containing fuel

2021 ◽  
Vol 341 ◽  
pp. 00055
Author(s):  
Viktor Barelko ◽  
Oleg Brizitsky ◽  
Maxim Kuznetsov ◽  
Ivan Parkin ◽  
Alexey Safonov
Keyword(s):  
Power Engineer ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Diesel Vehicles

Promising developments in the field of engine building, associated with increasing of natural gas usage as a motor fuel for internal combustion engines (ICE), are presented. Technology of hydrogen-containing fuel composition forming created. Advantages of motor transport based on ICE with GHA: lower amount of toxic (reduction of CO release) of about 7 times; retention of existing infrastructure of fuel supply with decrease of fuel consumption of 12-17%; safety; reasonable combination of advantages of hydrocarbon and hydrogen power engineer. The perspectives of modified engines for the various interested organizations and ministries operating gasoline and diesel vehicles are discussed.

scholarly journals Development of a virtual bench for the analysis of the physical processes of internal combustion engines

2021 ◽  
Vol 2102 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
J P Rojas Suárez ◽  
J A Pabón León ◽  
M S Orjuela Abril
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Pressure Curve ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Currently, internal combustion engines face the challenge of reducing fuel consumption and reducing polluting emissions due to their significant impact on the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to use tools that allow us to evaluate the operating characteristics of this type of thermal machines. In the present investigation, the development of a virtual bench was proposed for the analysis of the behavior and performance characteristics of an internal combustion engine for use as a learning tool in higher education students. From the results obtained, it could be demonstrated that the pressure curves of the combustion chamber and the rate of heat release obtained by means of the virtual bench presented a high concordance with the experimental records. The maximum deviation obtained was 5% and 15% for the pressure curve and the heat release rate. Comparing the performance parameters of the brake specific fuel consumption of the engine and energy efficiency, a maximum deviation of 2.96% was shown compared to the real engine. In general, the virtual development bank can describe the behavior of the engine, allowing the characterization of physical phenomena, as well as evaluating the effect of auxiliary technologies such as turbo-compression systems.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF COMPLEX FUEL-ECOLOGICAL CRITERION FOR DIESEL WORKING ON WATER-FUEL EMULSION

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
A.P. Marchenko ◽  
I.V. Parsadanov ◽  
A.V. Savchenko
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Boost Pressure ◽  
Combustion Engines

Today, internal combustion engines are very common as energy sources in many countries around the world. This makes the tasks related to improving the environmental performance of internal combustion engines relevant. The introduction of alternative fuels in internal combustion engines is an effective way to reduce their negative impact on the environment. One of the most available and widespread alternative fuels for diesels is a water-fuel emulsion. The use of water-fuel emulsion makes it possible to reduce the specific fuel consumption of petroleum origin, as well as to achieve a significant reduction in emissions of harmful substances from diesel exhaust. However, due to differences in the physical properties of traditional diesel fuel and water-fuel emulsion, the course of the processes of mixture formation and combustion in the diesel cylinder changes significantly. This may be due to the emergence of a reserve for further improvement of the diesel engine by selecting the parameters of the diesel engine running on water-fuel emulsion. The study selected the following parameters for variation: compression ratio, boost pressure, duration of the injection process, injection timing. The article considers the influence of these parameters on the Brake-specific fuel consumption of diesel, the specific emission of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides, the maximum pressure in the cylinder. The nature and degree of influence of changes in the parameters of the diesel engine on its performance was determined using mathematical modeling. It should be noted that the influence of each of the parameters selected for variation is quite complex and often ambiguous. That is, when some indicators improve, others may deteriorate somewhat. Therefore, in order to select the most rational parameters of a diesel engine running on a water-fuel emulsion, it is necessary to simultaneously assess the economic and environmental performance of the diesel engine. For this assessment, a method was used to determine a comprehensive fuel and environmental criterion for a diesel engine running on a water-fuel emulsion. Thus, the article shows the potential for comprehensive improvement of environmental and economic performance of the diesel engine by choosing rational parameters.

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