scholarly journals Modern trends in development of alternative powertrain systems for non-road machinery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kalociński
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Powertrain System ◽  
And Control ◽  
Significant Intensification

Continuously increasing excessive emission of exhaust gases from motor vehicles, and specifically internal combustion engines have been recognized as a major concern by most of the industrialized countries since mid- 1960s. Emission gases containing an air pollutants have been shown to impose variety of negative effects on public health and the natural environment. This leads to introduction of variety of different, alternative powertrain system solutions which could help in reduction of powertrain generated emissions. Mentioned reduction of pollutants generated by the machine can be reached by application of different powertrain system or improved utilization and control of the existing one. Several different types of solutions have been considered over years as a concepts, prototypes or trial versions. Significant intensification of recent work across the globe have led the manufacturers to get their systems to the market pre-introduction or introduction stages. Alternative powered non-road machinery, either full electric, hybrid, fuel cell, or electrified have been already presented and successfully introduced. This paper focuses on state of the art non-road machinery alternative powertrain solutions and its applications, either specific or with a nature of general purpose machine. Variety of powertrains have been presented with attention to their operational parameters and working principles. Research involves in depth considerations of energy transfer within different components of the powertrain and the entire machine.

scholarly journals Review of the backfire occurrences and control strategies for port hydrogen injection internal combustion engines

Fuel ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 121553
Author(s):  
Jianbing Gao ◽  
Xiaochen Wang ◽  
Panpan Song ◽  
Guohong Tian ◽  
Chaochen Ma
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
And Control

Study and Investigation of Energy Management Techniques Used in Electric/Hybrid Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-606
Author(s):  
Punyavathi Ramineni ◽  
Alagappan Pandian
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
And Control ◽  
Intelligent Controllers

Many pollution-related issues are raising due to the usage of conventional internal combustion engines (ICEs) vehicles. Electric Vehicles/ Hybrid electric vehicles (EVs/HEVs) are the finest solutions to overcome those problems associated with ICE-based vehicles. The EVs are introduced with a signal energy source (SES), which is not a successful attempt, especially during transient vehicles, driving, etc. Multiple energy sources (MES) EVs are introduced to attain better performance than the SES vehicles, which is obtained by combining two sources like battery/fuel cells, ultracapacitor. In this contest, energy management (EMNG) plays a vital role in sharing the load to the sources as per the EVs requirement. In the case of MES-based EVs, the controller always plays a significant role in the related EMNG system because it is the key factor in improving vehicle efficiency. In this article, a study has mainly been done related to several conventional, intelligent controllers and control algorithms to do the proper EMNG between sources present in the EV.

A New Single-Zone Multi-Stage Scavenging Model for Real-Time Emissions Control in Two-Stroke Engines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah U. Bajwa ◽  
Mark Patterson ◽  
Taylor Linker ◽  
Timothy J. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Thermodynamic State ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Perfect Mixing ◽  
And Control

Abstract Gas exchange processes in two-stroke internal combustion engines, i.e. scavenging, remove exhaust gases from the combustion chamber and prepare the fuel-oxidizer mixture that undergoes combustion. A non-negligible fraction of the mixture trapped in the cylinder at the conclusion of scavenging is composed of residual gases from the previous cycle. This can cause significant changes to the combustion characteristics of the mixture by changing its composition and temperature, i.e. its thermodynamic state. Thus, it is vital to have accurate knowledge of the thermodynamic state of the post-scavenging mixture to be able to reliably predict and control engine performance, efficiency and emissions. Several simple-scavenging models can be found in the literature that — based on a variety of idealized interaction modes between incoming and cylinder gases — calculate the state of the trapped mixture. In this study, boundary conditions extracted from a validated 1-D predictive model of a single-cylinder two-stroke engine are used to gauge the performance of four simple scavenging models. It is discovered that the assumption of thermal homogeneity of the incoming and exiting gases is a major source of inaccuracy. A new non-isothermal multi-stage single-zone scavenging model is thus, proposed to address some of the shortcomings of the four models. The proposed model assumes that gas-exchange in cross-scavenged two-stroke engines takes place in three stages; an isentropic blowdown stage, followed by perfect-displacement and perfect-mixing stages. Significant improvements in the trapped mixture state estimates were observed as a result.

scholarly journals Measurement of flow and pressure characteristics of combustion engine oil filters

2021 ◽  
Vol 351 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Ľubomír Hujo ◽  
Matej Michalides ◽  
Jozef Nosian ◽  
Mirko Simikić
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Filtration Equipment ◽  
Motor Oils ◽  
The Given ◽  
Pressure Characteristics

For the purpose of measuring the flow and pressure characteristics of oil filters used in vehicles with internal combustion engines, a laboratory test equipment was used, which was designed at the Department of Transport and Handling of the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. The target information from the given measurement is the obtained data on the change of flow and pressure, based on the type of oil filter used. The contribution of this paper is information that can be used in the future in the design of new filtration equipment, as well as the creation of a system for evaluating the technical life of motor oils, in order to extend the service intervals of motor oil, monitored set of motor vehicles.

THE ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY STANDARDS OF MOTOR VEHICLES

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 697-703
Author(s):  
Просянкин ◽  
S. Prosyankin ◽  
Красникова ◽  
D. Krasnikova ◽  
Феклин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Safety Standards

The article describes the standards of environmental safety of motor vehicles ´Euro´, alternative fuels, prospects of development of automobile industry in the coming years. In addition, the author acquaints the reader with the upcoming changes in the design of internal combustion engines.

MODELING AND CONTROL OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES USING INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 509-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Lee ◽  
R. J. Howlett ◽  
S. D. Walters ◽  
C. Crua
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Modelling of the thermal cycle of a gas engine using AVL FIRE Software

2010 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Wojciech TUTAK ◽  
Arkadiusz JAMROZIK
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Control Engineering ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Combustion Models ◽  
Crank Angle ◽  
Ic Engines ◽  
And Control

Paper presents results of modelling gas engine thermal cycle using AVL FIRE and KIVA 3V software. There are described three combustion models used in software. KIVA and FIRE software are used in Institute of Internal Combustion Engines and Control Engineering for analysis of thermal cycle of IC engines. FIRE software gives many possibilities with many combustion models. All used combustion models are dependent on turbulence of flow field before ignition. Comparison of modelling results of thermal cycle of IC engine is presented in paper. Pressure, temperature, heat release and turbulence parameters variations in function of crank angle as well as spatial distribution of above mentioned quantities at selected crank angles were determined.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF WEATHER FACTORS ON THE SPEED OF THE REACTION OF FORMALDEHYDE FORMATION ABOVE MOTORWAY OVERPASSES

2018 ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Rostyslav Sipakov ◽  
Olena Voloshkina ◽  
Volodimir Trofimovich ◽  
Julia Bereznitska
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Observation Point ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Reaction Constant ◽  
The City

The analysis of the actual air condition in the city of Kyiv in the areas of big overpasses and crossroads shows that the average annual concentration of formaldehyde more than 3 times exceeds the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of this toxic substance. One of the most powerful sources of formaldehyde formation in the air of the city is motor vehicles. The role of weather factors in formaldehyde formation rate (K) depending on capacity of emissions of internal combustion engines has been analyzed in this article. The equation for determining rate constant has been obtained, which depends on the temperature in the city of Kyiv and on the value of effective energy activation of the mentioned process. The comparison of the calculated and measured values of the rate reaction constant in Observation Point (OP) No. 9 in the area of Leningradska square has been given. The conducted research gives the opportunity to assess and obtain forecasting data on atmospheric pollution and probability of smog situations emergence in Kyiv. The suggested methodology can be used for other cities in Ukraine where motor vehicles are the main indicator of photochemical smog emergence.

scholarly journals Analysis of the possibilities of using of DME fuel in motor boat drive systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 171 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Jacek KROPIWNICKI ◽  
Przemysław DOMINICZAK ◽  
Zbigniew KNEBA ◽  
Sławomir MAKOWSKI ◽  
Janusz CIEŚLIŃSKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Drive Systems ◽  
And Control ◽  
Gas Supply

The characteristics of alternative fuel for diesel: dimethyl ether (DME) and an analysis of the potential to reduce emissions of toxic compounds by the engines when running on this fuel have been presented in this work. Basic types of design solutions of gas supply and control systems, possible for use in internal combustion engines with DME supply have been also presented. The paper presents a study of the legislation and an analysis of the feasibility of the system storage and fueling DME on board small vessels.

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