Impact Assessment of the ventilation systems on microbiological safety and microclimatic conditions of premises.

The critical aspects of the impact of microbiological contamination on ventilation and air conditioning systems, the microclimate of the premises, and human health are analyzed. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the microflora of premises depends on their functional purpose, design features, operating conditions, climate, and other factors, among which the method of ventilation is essential. The moisturizers in the air conditioning system are hazardous, which provide bacteria and fungi with water necessary for their life and reproduction. In addition, contaminants accumulated in ventilation systems operate as a substrate for feeding microorganisms. Multi-story administrative, public, and residential buildings, industrial buildings, and other places of mass concentration are areas of increased aerobiological risk of infection. In case of improper operation, air conditioning and ventilation systems can be sources of microorganisms in any room. Transmission of infectious aerosol over long distances occurs in rooms with poor ventilation, and a key factor for the outbreak of infection is the direction of airflows. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, organizations and international agencies to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 indoors recommend limiting the operation of exhaust ventilation and recirculation systems. However, there is still insufficient data to clarify the role of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems in spreading infection. Risk assessment and decision-making on the choice of air conditioning systems should be dynamic and based on the scale of the pandemic and the verification of the characteristics of HVAC systems and their effectiveness.

Influence of meteorological factors on the secondary contamination of atmospheric air by formaldehyde ( on example of city of Kyiv).

Many authors on the basis of researches give information that a motor transport is the basic source of contamination of atmospheric air of cities of Ukraine. This work touches the estimation of level and dynamics of contamination of m. Kyiv extrass from a motor transport and influence of meteorological factors of locality on the degree of atmospheric contamination (including secondary one as a result of actinic transformations). Authors set connection between the components of SO, Nox, CHOH and ambient temperature, on the basis of analysis of the last five years of statistical information of basic components contaminations from a motor transport, which take part in formation of actinic transformations. Authors found out close cross-correlation connection between the molecules of Nox, CHOH and average monthly values of temperature on the basis of analysis of these monitoring supervisions. Also there were investigational processes of formation of molecules of SNON depending on other climatic factors of city of Kyiv, namely: to humidity of air, speed of wind and index of acidity of atmosphere (pH). It is well-proven that formation of formaldehyde in mid air above motor transport ways the degree of acidificationof atmospheric fallouts influences mediated. However have direct cross-correlation connection of relative humidity of air and speed of wind. Temperature terms play a key role in forming of the secondary contamination formaldehyde above motor transport overpasses and he takes into account other climatic factors of locality mediated. Speed of reaction of transformation of hydrocarbons in formaldehyde at neutral meteorological terms is considered on the example of motor-car upshot of the Darnicka square. The decision of equalization of speed of transformation of extrass of hydrocarbons is found in formaldehyde by the decision of equalization of Arreniusa. This method can be applied for other cities of Ukraine. The conducted researches will allow to promote ecological strength security on the urbanized territories by the improvement of questions of acceptance of administrative decisions at building and reconstruction of motor-car overpasses of city, and also at forming of strategic plans of ecological development of city and setting of nature protection measures.

Indoor Air Quality Survey. Prepared for educational purposes based on real measurements made in May 25, 2014.

In 2014, WHO reports that in 2012 around 7 million people died - one in eight of total global deaths – as a result of air pollution exposure. This finding more than doubles previous estimates and confirms that air pollution is now the world’s largest single environmental health risk. Reducing air pollution could save millions of lives. In particular, the new data reveal a stronger link between both indoor and outdoor air pollution exposure and cardiovascular diseases, such as strokes and ischaemic heart disease, as well as between air pollution and cancer. This is in addition to air pollution’s role in the development of respiratory diseases, including acute respiratory infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Included in the assessment is a breakdown of deaths attributed to specific diseases, underlining that the vast majority of air pollution deaths are due to cardiovascular diseases as follows: Outdoor air pollution-caused deaths – breakdown by disease: 40% – ischaemic heart disease; 40% – stroke; 11% – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); 6% - lung cancer; and 3% – acute lower respiratory infections in children. Indoor air pollution-caused deaths – breakdown by disease: 34% - stroke; 26% - ischaemic heart disease; 22% - COPD; 12% - acute lower respiratory infections in children; and 6% - lung cancer. “The risks from air pollution are now far greater than previously thought or understood, particularly for heart disease and strokes,” says Dr Maria Neira, Director of WHO’s Department for Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health. “Few risks have a greater impact on global health today than air pollution; the evidence signals the need for concerted action to clean up the air we all breathe.”

International electronic commerce in the system of modern world economic relations.

Modern globalization processes are characterized by rapid economic development and the entry of our state into the European European space, which determines the new European level of development and requires the coverage and synthesis of theoretical issues with the development of practical recommendations for the improvement of trade relations inherent in the modern world. This research is based on understanding and systemic integration of the specifics, specific features and development pillars, namely, e-commerce, which provides opportunities for adaptation to new markets with new opportunities.

Convective Мodel of Еmission Distribution on the Road Overpass Under Neutral Weather Conditions.

An analysis of the degree of atmospheric air pollution in urban areas showed its dependence on a growing number of personal vehicles operating on traditional fuels. This work proves the possibility of applying the theory of a convective jet for estimating and forecasting atmospheric air pollution in megacities, depending on weather conditions and the number of cars that are simultaneously in traffic jams in a car overpass. We use the integral Euler method to calculate the parameters of a convective jet. The conditions for the appearance of neutral ways are determined and based on the considered main ways of distribution of emissions in the atmosphere. The method for calculating the amount of hydrocarbon emissions from road transport was used to determine the secondary pollution by formaldehyde of atmospheric air into the territories of megalopolises as a result of photochemical transformations. The presented studies allow to single out the share of greenhouse gas emissions from road transport in the context of total emissions in a megacity. A method for calculation of concentrations of pollution from motor vehicles based on this model has been developed. This method allows the use of specially synthesized external influences with the subsequent processing of the results of observations and subsequent analysis of the consequences. The effectiveness of the proposed mathematical model can be increased in combination with the use of "green structures". This method is suitable for finding optimal management decisions at the municipal level and the formation of the environmental policy of the city.

IMPACT OF WEATHER FACTORS ON THE SPEED OF THE REACTION OF FORMALDEHYDE FORMATION ABOVE MOTORWAY OVERPASSES

The analysis of the actual air condition in the city of Kyiv in the areas of big overpasses and crossroads shows that the average annual concentration of formaldehyde more than 3 times exceeds the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of this toxic substance. One of the most powerful sources of formaldehyde formation in the air of the city is motor vehicles. The role of weather factors in formaldehyde formation rate (K) depending on capacity of emissions of internal combustion engines has been analyzed in this article. The equation for determining rate constant has been obtained, which depends on the temperature in the city of Kyiv and on the value of effective energy activation of the mentioned process. The comparison of the calculated and measured values of the rate reaction constant in Observation Point (OP) No. 9 in the area of Leningradska square has been given. The conducted research gives the opportunity to assess and obtain forecasting data on atmospheric pollution and probability of smog situations emergence in Kyiv. The suggested methodology can be used for other cities in Ukraine where motor vehicles are the main indicator of photochemical smog emergence.

Some aspects of energy efficiency in the reconstruction of residential buildings in Ukraine.

The paper discusses the main aspects of the energy renovation of residential buildings. Measures to ensure the energy efficiency reconstruction of buildings are: thermo-building; the establishment of the accounting system and regulation of energy consumption; modernization of heating systems, hot water supply, ventilation, air conditioning and lighting; the use of local renewable and / or alternative energy sources; of the test as the heating, ventilation, airconditioning and hot water supply of buildings in accordance with the law; implementation of other measures to improve energy efficiency.

Indicators of energy efficiency and environmental safety at residential buildings reconstruction.

In this article presented the principles of functioning of working groups for the development of an integrated approach in the field of energy saving and environmental safety. Also, proposer the use of research centers and monitoring laboratories for obtaining adequate data, analytical calculations, and control during the reconstruction of residential buildings. It was argued that a "platform" was developed to develop key indicators of energy efficiency, appropriate methodologies, tools and methods for controlling and managing energy efficiency and environmental safety. The implementation of the proposed plans will increase the level of environmental safety and help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which will make a significant contribution to combating global climate change.

Analysis of the main factors affecting the concentration of formaldehyde in the air.

In the article the main factors affecting the concentration of formaldehyde in indoor air and the streets of Kyiv. The main factor influencing the concentration of formaldehyde in the air is a fire. In August and September 2015 exceeded the normal concentration of 1.2 -4 times. Seasonal cycle charting the course of the annual concentration of formaldehyde leads to the idea of seasonal factors that contribute to its fluctuations. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the analysis of indoor air is conducted only at the request and has no statistical nature. No information database created major factors pollution formaldehyde and not developed regulatory documents.