Reducing the cost of fuel and energy resources through the use of hybrid multi-unit rolling stock

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Obukhov ◽  
◽  
N. P. Kalinin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Multiple Units ◽  
Selection Of

Objective: Analysis of the economic feasibility of replacing diesel multiple units with hybrid ones exemplified by the Saint Petersburg–Vyborg route (through Primorsk). Methods: To solve the problem of energy efficiency of multiple units, an integrated approach is applied which is focused on the practical significance and economic feasibility of the results. Results: The data obtained can serve as a basis for the rational selection of rolling stock to use in the sections with alternating arrangement of autonomous and non-autonomous traction. Practical importance: The concept developed will allow for effective selection of multiple units for operation in the sections with alternating arrangement of autonomous and non-autonomous traction.

Increasing the energy efficiency of an electric train by installing electric energy storage units

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-464
Author(s):  
N. P. Kalinin ◽  
◽  
M. Yu. Obukhov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Electric Energy Storage ◽  
Storage Units ◽  
Electric Train

Objective: To increase the energy effi ciency of the Russian multi-unit rolling stock of railways by installing electric energy storage devices. Methods: The goal is achieved by applying integrated approach method to the problem of multi-unit rolling stock energy efficiency, with focus on the practical signifi cance and economic feasibility of the results. Results: The solutions produced can serve as a basic concept for the modernization of domestic rolling stock. Practical importance: Concepts of an electric train with electric energy storage units based on Russian electric trains have been developed in order to increase their energy efficiency.

TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF REACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
Lyubov Vakhitova ◽  
◽  
Nadiya Taran ◽  
Konstantin Kalafat ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
The Cost

Purpose. Identification of the main directions of evolution of scientific researches concerning development and improvement of fire protective reactive coatings of intumescent type for steel constructions. Methods. Analysis of literature sources, study and generalization of information, classification and modeling of chemical processes. Results. As a result of the performed researches it has been shown that of all the developed reactive fire protection systems for increasing the fire resistance of steel structures the intumescent composition of ammonium polyphosphate/ pentaerythritol / melamine / polymer is the most widespread and economically justified. To reduce the cost of fire protection measures, it is necessary to improve the coatings of the intumescent type in the following main areas: increasing of fire protection efficiency with a decrease in the thickness of the fire protection layer; prolongation of life time with strengthening of resistance to external factors; reducing the cost of the prescription composition of intumescent paint due to the use of nanomaterials. Scientific novelty. It has been established that nanoclays, nanooxides of metals and silicon, LDH compounds and their analogues should be considered the most promising and multifunctional. The presence of nanomaterials in intumescent compositions allows to increase the environmental parameters of fire-retardant treatment due to the rejection of halogen flame retardants, boron compounds, formaldehyde resins. In addition, the presence of nanocompounds in intumescent coatings significantly reduces smoke in fire. Practical significance. The conclusions obtained from the literature review are of practical importance for the development of new approaches to the design of fire-fighting materials with improved performance through the use of nanomaterials, which provides a strong fire retardant foam char layer and provides rigidity of the insulation frame.

scholarly journals ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНОСТІ ОБЛІКУ ТА АУДИТУ СИСТЕМИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ВИТРАТАМИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ АЕРОКОСМІЧНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Г. С. Ліхоносова ◽  
В. Г. Бондаренко
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Cost Management System ◽  
The Cost

The article considers the organization of the cost management system as an object of accounting, the factors that affect the cost and effectiveness of methods of audits of costs for the production of aerospace products. The purpose of the article is to present the issues of accounting and analytical support and audit of the cost management system in the aerospace industry with a focus on the features of accounting and audit of the cost system in the aerospace industry. The methodological basis of the study is a number of scientific methods, including methods of empirical research - comparison, methods of theoretical knowledge – formalization and general research methods - analysis, synthesis and grouping. The main hypothesis of the study was the assumption that the accounting and analytical support of cost management system is influenced by various factors, including: type of production, features of its organization, product range, enterprise management structure, organization of accounting by places and centers of responsibility, cost accounting methods and costing products and the level of automation of accounting work. Presenting main material. It was found that cost accounting occupies a decisive place in accounting and analytical support and audit procedures. The formation of accounting and analytical support of the cost management system in the aerospace industry largely depends on the factors influencing the formation of the cost and the organization of the analysis of the component costs of enterprises. The organization of synthetic and analytical accounting of production costs should ensure: reflection of all performed operations on costs, appropriate distribution of costs by objects of accounting and calculation objects, determination of production costs, timely receipt of necessary information for management purposes. The originality and practical significance of the study is confirmed by the analysis of the possibility of auditing the enterprises of the aerospace industry. The proposed method of accounting and costing is of practical importance and can be used for other enterprises in the aerospace industry. Conclusions and prospects for further research. The method of cost accounting presented in the article is of practical importance for the enterprises of the aerospace industry. Further research will be aimed at improving the accounting and analytical support and algorithms for audits of the cost management system in the aerospace industry

scholarly journals The Fundamental of TCP Techniques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritee Nivrutti Hulule
Keyword(s):  
Test Cases ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Retrospective Testing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Examination Process ◽  
Experimental Strategies ◽  
Selection Of

Strategies for prioritizing test cases plan test cases to reduce the cost of retrospective testing and to enhance a specific objective function. Test cases are prioritized as those most important test cases under certain conditions are made before the re-examination process. There are many strategies available in the literature that focus on achieving various pre-test testing objectives and thus reduce their cost. In addition, inspectors often select a few well-known strategies for prioritizing trial cases. The main reason behind the lack of guidelines for the selection of TCP strategies. Therefore, this part of the study introduces the novel approach to TCP strategic planning using the ambiguous concept to support the effective selection of experimental strategies to prioritize experimental cases. This function is an extension of the already selected selection schemes for the prioritization of probation cases.

scholarly journals Selection of a chipper technology for small-scale operations – a Finnish case

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Laitila ◽  
Robert Prinz ◽  
Lauri Sikanen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Factors ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this study was to determine the economic performance of alternative chipper choices for small-scale chipping based on unit cost (€ per chip-m3) and net present value (NPV) calculations. For the chipping cost and investment profitability analyses four tractor-powered professional or semi-professional disc chippers and two professional drum chippers mounted on a truck or powered by tractor were selected. Initial investment, operating costs, and the cost of outsourced chipping were the key elements for comparing the profitability of investment alternatives. The average purchase prices, cost factors, and technical details of the chipper units were acquired from machine dealers, specification sheets, a literature review, and interviews with chipping entrepreneurs. The results of the three tractor-powered professional chippers involved in the comparison were very close to each other. The profitable running of a truck-mounted drum chipper calls for high annual chipping volumes: the chipper type is therefore a feasible choice for an entrepreneur in large-scale chipping. Semi-professional disc chippers offer lower investment costs, but their economic feasibility is relatively poor.

Methods of Justification and Selection of Technologies for Remediation of Oil-contaminated Land

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
O.G. Apulu ◽  
I.M. Potravny ◽  
I.V. Sukhorukova
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Contaminated Land ◽  
Damage Compensation ◽  
Environmental Criteria ◽  
Technology And Assessment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

The results of research on the ecological and economic justification of the choice of technologies for the reclamation of oil-contaminated land are proposed. Economic and environmental criteria for the selection of technologies for the treatment of land contaminated with petroleum products are proposed. The algorithm of implementation of the project of recultivation of the lands polluted by oil is considered, which includes an assessment of environmental damage, compensation of losses to landowners, determination of the cost of work on recultivation of the polluted lands, justification of technology and assessment of efficiency of its application. Based on a comparative assessment of the use of various technologies for cleaning up oil-contaminated land according to the proposed criteria, the economic feasibility of using biotechnologies are shown on the example of the elimination of an emergency oil spill in the Niger Delta.

Analysis of current technical solutions applied in the design of low-floor tram cars

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
А. А. Vorobyev, ◽  
◽  
A. M. Budyukin ◽  
V. G. Kondratenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Operation Results ◽  
The Cost

Objective: To show the prospects of using public urban transport and, first of all, high-capacity light rail rolling stock for urban transportation, and in the immediate future, the possibility of completely abandoning private vehicles for movement around the city. As a result, this will help lessen the traffic jam load in Russian megacities. Methods: The authors have analyzed and applied best practice of the leading tram companies in Europe (Vienna, Prague, Riga, etc.), analyzed the most progressive designs of the rolling stock and their undercarriage, and compared foreign and domestic experience of service facilities operation. Results: The experience of many European companies has proved the feasibility of using cars with swivel bogies, which have a beneficial effect on the track and make it possible to pass curves of small radii. The use of wagons made of multi-link structures allowed designing a completely low-floor cabin. It is advisable to place a gearbox and an electric drive on the outside of the low-floor car undercarriage, or to use a gearless drive and low-speed electric motors. Practical importance: The introduction of low-floor cars in cities improves the accessibility of this type of transport for passengers, primarily for passengers with disabilities, and significantly reduces the time of their boarding (disembarking). The advantage of cars with swivel bogies is shown. The increased complexity of the undercarriage design allows designers to create an extremely low floor cabin, but this consequently leads to an increase in the cost of rolling stock, an increase in repair costs, stricter requirements for the support services and a demand for highly qualified technical personnel. It is recommended to purchase domestic low-floor rolling stock as the most adapted to operation in Russian cities.

Parameters Of Technological Processes Reengineering

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Parametric Model ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Machine Time ◽  
Time Machine ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Technical Capability ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

The article is devoted to reengineering of technological processes - a method of their qualitative transformation on an innovative basis, which in turn assumes the availability of tools that make it possible to establish the economic efficiency and technical capability of such transformations of construction production, to identify the effect of their implementation. In this regard, the problem of forming a parametric model of reengineering of construction technological processes, which involves four enlarged groups of indicators that reflect the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the processes: materials used, working time, machine time, spatial organization, is considered. It is established that parameters can have either an absolute (physical, cost) or relative (point, percentage) expression and also make their own decomposition. The practical significance of the provisions given in the article is determined by the development of methods of technical rationing, which leads to a reduction in the cost and duration of construction.

Developing the adaptive process-based budgeting through TD-ABC and TD-ABB as part of strategic management accounting

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1182-1194
Author(s):  
A.A. Akhmetzyanov ◽  
A.Yu. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Cost Allocation ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Common Time ◽  
Strategic Management Accounting ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Cost

Subject. The article focuses on the advanced time-driven tools for allocating overhead expenses, which are based on process-based budgeting. Objectives. We articulate a technique for cost allocation so as to assess the cost of each process with reference to the common time driver. Methods. The study relies upon methods of systematization, classification, analogy and comparison, and summarizes the scientific literature on the subject. Results. The article presents our own suggestions on implementing TD-ABC and TD-ABB into the strategic management accounting process of developer companies. The principles were proved to help more effectively allocate overhead expenses and assess the capacity load of each process performed by functions, departments and employees. Carrying out a comparative analysis, we found certain reserves for utilizing resources more effectively. Conclusions and Relevance. The findings are of scientific and practical significance and can be used by developer and construction businesses. The conclusions can prove helpful for scientific papers, student books, and further research.

Determination of the minimum number of technological bases of a part

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-75
Author(s):  
B.M. Bazrov ◽  
T.M. Gaynutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Cost Price ◽  
Labor Input ◽  
Part Surface ◽  
Technological Base ◽  
Size Accuracy ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Input Cost ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of technological bases is considered before the choice of the type of billet and the development of the route of the technological process. A technique is proposed for selecting the minimum number of sets of technological bases according to the criterion of equality in the cost price of manufacturing the part according to the principle of unity and combination of bases at this stage. Keywords: part, surface, coordinating size, accuracy, design and technological base, labor input, cost price. [email protected]

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