scholarly journals Referéndum = Referendum

2018 ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge San Vicente Feduchi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Representative Democracy ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
New Research

Resumen: El referéndum, entendido como “la oportunidad de que los electores participen en el proceso de toma de decisión votando sobre una cuestión más o menos específica y determinada” (Uleri, 1996, p. 2), ha tomado históricamente infinidad de formas, con desenlaces diversos dependiendo del contexto en el que ha sido desarrollado. No obstante, tanto la proliferación como la relevancia que este mecanismo ha adquirido en las democracias contemporáneas plantean nuevas vías de estudio, entre las que se encuentra su potencial para encauzar una participación efectiva frente a su reducido uso tradicional como mero mecanismo de legitimación política. El artículo tiene como objetivo plantear las bases para la discusión del uso referéndum en relación a una concepción de la democracia que se extienda más allá de la lógica de la representatividad.Palabras clave: Referéndum, democracia directa, democracia representativa, participación, representación, iniciativa.Abstract: The referendum, understood as “the opportunity for electors to participate in a decision-making process by voting on an issue more or less specific and determined” (Uleri, 1996, p. 2), has historically taken an infinite amount of shapes, with diverse outcomes depending on the context in which it has taken place. However, the recent surge both in its use and its relevance in contemporary democracies raises new research lines, among which is its potential to channel an effective participation in contrast to its traditional use as a simple legitimation mechanism. The article’s objective is to set the foundation for a discussion on the use of referendums in relation to a conception of democracy that goes beyond the logic of representation.Keywords: Referendum, direct democracy, representative democracy, participation, representation, initiative.

scholarly journals Institualization of referendum in EU countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 445-452
Author(s):  
Stoyko O. М.
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
New Members ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Eu

The evolution of the referendum institutionalization in the constitutions of the EU states is considered. The peculiarities of its initiation, realization and implementation of results in the "old" and "new" members of the Union are highlighted and analyzed. It is concluded that young democracies are pioneering in using this tool of direct democracy both to legitimize government decisions and to involve citizens in the decision-making process. The history of the introduction of plebiscites into the practice of political processes in European countries shows, that they are closely linked to democratic transit: the later the constitution is adopted, the more opportunities for citizens to use referendums not only to control the legislative process in parliament (support or veto certain decisions, draft laws), but also to formulate an agenda - to propose their own initiatives for consideration by public authorities. Accordingly, there are obvious differences between the referendum practices of the "old" and "new" members of the European Union, since the latter are much more active in using them and give citizens real leverage on public policy by holding plebiscites on popular initiatives.

Direct Democracy Practices of Local Authorities in Turkey

2022 ◽  
pp. 67-90
Author(s):  
İhsan İkizer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Representative Democracy ◽  
Early Form ◽  
Ancient Athens ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
City States ◽  
Local Levels

Direct democracy, an early form of democracy, which was applied in city states of ancient Athens, is at the agenda of politics again, especially at local levels due to the limitations of the representative democracy. People do not want to voice their ideas about the cities or countries where they live just once in four or five years by casting their votes in the ballot box. They desire to be involved in decision-making mechanisms, at least for relatively more important issues that might have direct effect over their lives. Today, more local governments are applying direct democracy tools in line with the expectations of local residents and as a requirement of the local governance principle of participation. Of course, as it is the case in representative democracy, direct democracy, which aims civic engagement for each significant decision, has some limitations. This chapter will explore the implementation of direct democracy by municipalities in Turkey, with all its variation, sources of motivation, opportunities, and challenges.

scholarly journals How Far Can Citizens Influence the Decision-Making Process? Analysis of the Effectiveness of Referenda in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary in 1989–2015

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Kużelewska
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Central European ◽  
Political Role

AbstractThis article explores the political role of a referendum in Central European countries, in particular in Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. In this article, political effectiveness is understood as a possibility to influence the decision-making process by citizens through a referendum. The transformation of political systems in Central European states from socialist/communist to democratic ones resulted in increasing interest in the notion of referendum, one of the common forms of direct democracy. However, most referenda have been abused for political purposes. The focus of this article is a referendum used at the national level. This study examines the use of a referendum in Central European states from 1989 to 2015. The database presents, country by country, the subject matter of voting, people’s participation and the results in order to show the citizens’ opportunity (or lack of it) to express their opinions and to contribute to policy-making by circumventing the standard legislative process. The aim of this paper is to analyze referenda in the selected countries and to verify two hypotheses. Firstly, the weak use of a referendum and a small size of complementation of representative democracy. Secondly, the citizens’ belief in a referendum as an element of communication and consultation between authorities and society.

scholarly journals CHOOSING THE MOST ECONOMICALLY ADVANTAGEOUS SOLUTION TO THE DECISION OF THE ISSUE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Keršulienė ◽  
Jūratė Butkienė
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
Logical Reasoning ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Law System ◽  
Mathematical Calculation ◽  
New Research

Countries in conflict, trying to make a resolution, encounter a decision process. Often, in practice deci-sions are made based on groundless rationalization, therefore it is commonly believed that it is experi-ence and intuition that are key to the decision making process. Since decisions in law are usually based on logical reasoning, taking into account conflict circumstances and facts, the success of this decision can be determined with mathematical calculation. In recent decades, as the boundries be-tween scholarly disciplines blur, new ones are formed, which are not entirely indepedent, but bring in new research methods. Law and economics is a clear example of this interdisciplinery relation. The law system impacts the economical atmosphere, therefore before taking decision in law, economical aspects must be evaluated. Striving to resolve the disputes between parties at work mathematical cal-culations are used in order to analyze the expected behaviour of each party. Guidance for parties having dispute is the most economically viable option for completing the dispute.

scholarly journals Reflexive Participatory Governance for Agroecological Transformations

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-190
Author(s):  
Colin Ray Anderson ◽  
Janneke Bruil ◽  
M. Jahi Chappell ◽  
Csilla Kiss ◽  
Michel Patrick Pimbert
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Representative Democracy ◽  
Participatory Governance ◽  
Governance Process ◽  
Territorial Approach ◽  
Social Learning Processes

AbstractIn this chapter we further discuss the rationale for a participatory and reflexive governance process as the basis for agroecology transformations. We discuss governance and facilitation mechanisms that enable continuous discussions, negotiations, exchange and joint planning between actors. Further, we provide guidance on this ongoing and iterative social learning processes among actors that can enable and ensure governance interventions that both nurture and anchor agroecology. This often requires an expansion of ‘direct’ democracy in decision-making in order to complement, or replace, models of representative democracy that prevail in conventional policy-making. Finally, we articulate the territorial approach to governance which is increasingly seen as the decisive level in fostering agroecological transformations and the scale where reflexive and participatory governance can be effectively implemented.

scholarly journals Popular Referendum and Electoral Accountability

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Le Bihan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Representative Democracy ◽  
Elected Officials ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Electoral Accountability ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Elected Representatives

This paper studies how citizen-initiated referenda affect the decision-making of elected representatives. In the absence of direct democracy, elected officials who do not share the preferences of voters may enact their preferred policies even at the cost of decreasing the likelihood of reelection. Direct democracy diminishes the policy benefits of doing that, as voters may now overturn some of the policy decisions. Hence, elected officials are induced to implement the policies preferred by the voters not only on those issues that are subject to a possible citizen-initiated referendum, but also on those that are not. This result holds even when the voters’ information about their true interests is limited. Moreover, whereas in a representative democracy, being more informed may undermine voters’ ability to control public officials, the possibility of citizen-initiated referenda means that additional information improves voter control, including on issues that may be outside the direct democracy domain.

scholarly journals Civic Paternalism in Political Policymaking: The Justification for No-Vote Stadium Subsidies

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy B. Kellison ◽  
Michael J. Mondello
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Community Benefit ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Partial Description ◽  
Political Decision Making

Direct democracy practices such as initiatives and referenda are increasingly ignored or circumvented by political leaders who allocate subsidies toward new professional sport stadium developments. In a democracy, such a means of governing may be problematic if the outcome is unreflective of the public will. The existing literature makes several theoretical connections for this line of political decision-making, including urban growth machines and trustee–delegate representation. In this paper, these concepts are integrated with empirical evidence to support the conceptualization of civic paternalism, a term that provides partial description of the political decision-making process. Civic paternalists justify their decisions by arguing that a city’s continued vibrancy and growth optimize community benefit while remaining acutely aware of their decisions’ political consequences. We illustrate the concept of civic paternalism by drawing from interviews with political leaders associated with one of the most recent cases of the no-vote subsidy.

Direct Democracy at the Local Level in Switzerland

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Philippe E. Rochat
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Representative Democracy ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Parliamentary System ◽  
Democratic Rights ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Models Of Democracy

Switzerland's more than 2,200 municipalities enjoy a high degree of autonomy and strongly developed direct democratic rights. The diversity of communal forms of direct democracy is correspondingly large. This chapter aims to trace the basic structures of these local democracies. One important distinction is at the centre of the argument. While the majority of municipalities are organised in direct democratic assemblies, the parliamentary system dominates in the larger cities and in many municipalities in French- and Italian-speaking Switzerland. However, equating parliaments with representative democracy and municipal assemblies with radical, direct democracy falls short of the mark. In fact, the local level reveals a vibrant and diverse mix of models of democracy. Depending on the cultural area and the situation of the individual municipalities, different approaches are taken to involve the voters in democratic decision making.

scholarly journals Do the Poles Influence the Decision-Making Process by Applying Direct Democracy Instruments?

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Kużelewska
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Decision Making Process

Celem artykułu jest analiza roli demokracji bezpośredniej w Polsce i jej wpływu na proces podejmowania decyzji politycznych. Przedmiotem rozważań jest instytucja referendum i inicjatywa ludowa jako bezpośrednia forma wyrażania woli przez naród. W artykule omawia się przedmiot głosowania w referendum, kwestie leżące u podstaw uruchomienia inicjatywy ludowej, jak również nieudane inicjatywy w zakresie przeprowadzenia referendum.

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