Between philosophy, science, politics: Anthropology of Marxism by C. Robinson

2020 ◽  
pp. 132-136
Author(s):  
G.A. Shuliko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Ancient Philosophy ◽  
Social Consciousness ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Conceptual History ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
History Of ◽  
Socialist Movement

Presented is a review of latest edition of book by C. Robinson’s (1946–2016) “An anthropology of Marxism". The article begins with a short introduction to why Robinson’s work might be of interest to Russian reader. What follows is a critical analysis of how Robinson views Marxist views of his own conceptual history. Skillfully combining the civilizational approach and the principle of historicism, Robinson comes to the conclusion, that there are a number of weaknesses in the materialist conception of history. One of the key weaknesses, from Robinson’s point of view, is the history of pre-capitalist European socialism, i.e. Marxism, due to specific perception of capitalism, is divorced from the centuries-old history of European actions of social lower classes. Rethinking the historical place of Marxism can productively affect both the study of Marxism itself and socio-political ideas about humanity as a whole. Using a number of historical examples, Robinson shows the importance of various pre-capitalist forms of social consciousness (ancient philosophy, religion, etc.) for formation of the socialist movement in its classical forms.

scholarly journals El deseo natural de libertad y la inacción política. Una crítica al significado de la servidumbre voluntaria y la libertad natural en el Discurso de Étienne de la Boétie / The Natural Desire of Freedom and Political Inaction: A critique of the meaning of voluntary servitude and natural freedom in the Discourse of Étienne de la Boétie

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Jesús Fernández Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
General Introduction ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
Etienne De La Boetie ◽  
History Of ◽  
Voluntary Servitude

ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is the critical analysis of the concept of “voluntary servitude”; and its implications for the freedom posed by Étienne de la Boétie and its relation to the natural desire for freedom. In particular, some ideas from the Discourses of servitude volontaire (1576) are analyzed, starting with a general introduction and the implications of the work in the history of political ideas. The central part of this paper focuses on the problem that society desire to serve, in other words: the desire for slavery and rejection of freedom. For La Boétie, these ideas go against human nature. These problems are those that are discussed from a political theory that goes against the “monolithic thinking”; and that highlights some of the author’s conceptual errors from the perspective of “political”; and the irrelevance of standards of perfection for a feasible political-social organization.RESUMENEl objetivo de este artículo es el análisis crítico del concepto de “servidumbre voluntaria” y sus implicaciones para la libertad que plantea Étienne de la Boétie y su relación con el deseo natural de libertad. En particular se analizan algunas ideas de la obra Discours de la servitude volontaire (1576) comenzando por una introducción general y las implicaciones de la obra en la historia de las ideas políticas. La parte central radica en el problema que plantea para la sociedad el deseo de servir de los hombres o, en otras palabras: el deseo de esclavitud y rechazo de la libertad. Todo ello va contra la naturaleza humana según La Boétie. Estos problemas son los que se discuten a partir de un planteamiento de teoría política que va contra el “pensamiento único” y que destaca algunos de los errores conceptuales del autor desde la óptica de la “realidad política” y la poca relevancia que tienen los estándares de perfección para una organización político-social factible.

scholarly journals Christianity and Slavic literary culture: handwritten book

2000 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
T. G. Gorbachenko
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Information ◽  
Social Consciousness ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sign System ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
Transfer Of Information ◽  
Important Form

At all times, the book was understood not only as a means of preserving and transforming knowledge, but also as a means of knowing the world around us. At the same time, from ancient times it was a subject of knowledge. Gradually its theoretical phenomenon was formed. The book essentially (and it happened historically) is the most important form of consolidation and transfer of information in space and time. From the point of view of the theory of communication, the book serves as one of the forms of existence and dissemination of semantic information, a means of organizing the work of individual consciousness into a sign system for the perception of its social consciousness. After all, the evolution of the book is inextricably linked with the history of mankind. She is the foundation on which the culture of peoples is built. It helps society to grow and improve, borrow and use all the mass of knowledge accumulated by mankind. The book is the most complete and comprehensive expression of the spiritual culture of mankind, since its origin and development are inextricably linked with it.

The Historical History of Philosophy and Its Object

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Michael Frede
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Philosophy ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Or History ◽  
The Way

This chapter evaluates the historical history of philosophy. Given the very strong philosophical assumptions underlying the early philosophical histories of philosophy, and given in particular the fact that they tended to be written from the point of view of some kind of idealism, it is not surprising that they should have met with some resistance, in particular outside philosophy. Thus, one finds Albert Schwegler criticizing Hegel’s method of treating the history of philosophy, rejecting any kind of philosophical history of philosophy as history. He insists that the systematical study of the history of philosophy is the task of a historian and has to be pursued in precisely the way one studies any other kind of history or history in general. Zeller therefore advocates a purely historical approach to the history of philosophy, a historian’s history of philosophy, and his own monumental work on the history of Greek philosophy is inspired by this conception, just as it, in turn, inspires a lot of work, at least on ancient philosophy of the same kind. The chapter then presents a systematical consideration of the historical history of philosophy.

scholarly journals OFF-YEAR PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS OF 1908: DETAILS OF MYKOLA HANKEVICH BIOGRAPHY AND THE HISTORY OF THE SOCIALIST MOVEMENT IN LVIV

2018 ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Andriy Zayarniuk
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Provincial Capital ◽  
Socialist Movement ◽  
First World

The article describes the character of Mykola Hankevich in the context of the early parliamentary elections of 1908 in Galicia. The author sets out his task, by shifting the usual historiographical accents, to consider the general election culture in the provincial capital in the early twentieth century, the theory and practice of the international socialist movement in a multinational urban environment. The well-established point of view of K. Jobst and other researchers, who believe that the conflict over Hankevich's face in the 1907 elections, when the executive leadership of the PPSD did not support his candidacy, is the beginning of the path that ultimately led the Polish and Ukrainian Social Democrats parties in the bosom of "their" national camps, and the ephemeral international socialist movement in Galicia disintegrated. The author believes that such a narrative simplifies the processes that took place in the environment of the Galician socialist parties. Cooperation between Ukrainian, Polish, and Jewish socialists did not stop until the outbreak of the First World War. In the USDP, M. Hankevich himself did not cease to cooperate closely with Polish and Jewish socialists. During the snap election of 1908, the PPSD leader agreed with the candidacy of Mykola Hankevich, who, however, lost this election by winning 734 votes against 1011. However, in the anti-Ukrainian hysteria that had not yet subsided after the assassination of Andrzej Potocki, more than 40% of the vote, loyal to the Ukrainian and socialist candidates in the bourgeois Lviv district, looked like a tremendous success for Hankevich. Having identified the main reasons for this success, namely: his impeccable personal reputation, eloquence, popularity among the Lviv workers and intellectuals, genuine internationalism and willingness to represent different ethnic groups and different social strata, the author, referring to the memories of the Polish socialist Yevhen Morachevsky, calls another circumstance that explains the results of the vote quite differently. It is about 450 votes that Morachevsky bought in favour of Gankevich. The author notes that Morachevsky considers his dubious act as a peculiar feat - to pollute his hands to achieve a noble political goal, in which, in his opinion, he manifests the instinct and ability of a politician, thereby opposing himself to "dreamers" and idealists who did not compromise own principles.

Constituent Power

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kalyvas
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
The Political ◽  
Alternative Theory ◽  
Conceptual History ◽  
Constituent Power ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time

This chapter seeks to recover an alternative theory of sovereignty as constituent power that significantly departs from the canonical paradigm of command in order to investigate its democratic implications. The first section traces the beginnings of the concept, from the etymological meanings of the Latin verb “to constitute” to its initial medieval articulation that was set against the regal model. The second and third sections revisit formative episodes in the conceptual history of constituent power and consider its diverse but overlapping theoretical and political trajectories as they coalesced around the political ideas of disobedience, resistance, and revolution. The final section attempts to reconstruct the discursive rules and immanent principles that organize the intelligibility of the concept over time and consider the challenges they pose to inherited (mis)understandings of democracy.

Toward an Understanding of the Political Ideas in Ivan Timofeev’s Vremennik

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-53
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
Foreign Intervention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Thought

This chapter examines the Vremennik of Ivan Timofeev and describes the disasters that then engulfed Muscovite Rus´, such as famine, civil war, and foreign intervention that stimulated historical thought. It identifies writers who set themselves the difficult task of integrating the disturbing events, particularly the virtual collapse of the “God-established tsarstvo” with the earlier history of Rus´. It also considers Timofeev's Vremennik as the single-best source for investigating how early seventeenth-century Muscovites thought about their own history and politics. The chapter explains how Timofeev, like a number of other smuta tale authors, did not write primarily to promote a particular political point of view or a particular set of ideas. It reveals that the Vremennik is closer to a diary than a polemical work based on the remarks of Timofeev.

Foreword to the Special Issue on Uralic Languages

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tommi A Pirinen ◽  
Trond Trosterud ◽  
Francis M. Tyers ◽  
Veronika Vincze ◽  
Eszter Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technology Management ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Systematic Overview ◽  
Language Technology ◽  
History Of

In this introduction we have tried to present concisely the history of language technology for Uralic languages up until today, and a bit of a desiderata from the point of view of why we organised this special issue. It is of course not possible to cover everything that has happened in a short introduction like this. We have attempted to cover the beginnings of the (Uralic) language-technology scene in 1980’s as far as it’s relevant to much of the current work, including the ones presented in this issue. We also go through the Uralic area by the main languages to survey on existing resources, to also form a systematic overview of what is missing. Finally we talk about some possible future directions on the pan-Uralic level of language technology management.

The Identification and Representation of Views

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Michael Frede
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Ancient Philosophy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medieval Philosophy ◽  
Standard Case ◽  
History Of

This chapter describes the actual work of the historian of philosophy. Ordinarily, the historian is working with a text, or even a number of texts, on the basis of which he will try to reconstruct the thought of a philosopher. This is the standard case in the history of medieval philosophy, and it is almost invariably the case for the historian of modern philosophy. In the case of ancient philosophy, however, the primary aim is not to understand certain texts, but to understand the thought of a philosopher underlying a text, if there is one. The historian has to understand and to explain a philosopher’s taking a view from the point of view of a contemporary historian of philosophy, and this means that he has to identify——to represent——the philosopher’s view not only in terms in which it is intelligible to a modern historian of philosophy, but also in terms in which it is intelligible to the historian’s modern audience. And this raises at least two questions, one concerning the translation this involves and the other concerning the language of the historian.

At genplacere den moderne stat - Guvernementalitet og de politiske idéers historie

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-88
Author(s):  
Martin Saar
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Conceptual History ◽  
History Of Political Thought ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
History Of

Michel Foucault never wrote very comprehensively about his method in regards to his approach to the history of political ideas and the emergence of the modern state, something he most explicitly tried to do in the two lectures which he himself termed ’a history of governmentality’, Security, Territory, Population (1977-78) and The Birth of Biopolitics (1978-79). This article treats these reflections as a ’methodological promise’ and seeks to reconstruct a Foucauldianapproach to the history of political ideas from the role Foucault himself believed the ’history of governmentality’ should play. Foucault’s approach proves to be a distinct way of studying the history of political ideas as an alternative to, and in some ways superior to, both the more traditional ways of doing the history of political ideas as well as newer attempts such as intellectual history and conceptual history. In the special way it looks at the history of political thought, Foucault’s approach can go much further than the other alternatives.

scholarly journals Historische formelhafte Sprache als "harte Nuss" der Korpus- und Computerlinguistik. Ihre Annotation und Analyse im HiFoS-Projekt

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Filatkina
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
German Language ◽  
Formulaic Language ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Computer Linguistics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Linguistic Methods ◽  
The University

The following article tackles not so much the corpus and computer linguistic questions in a narrow sense. It rather focuses on such linguistic phenomena as formulaic patterns in the history of German language and describes them from a corpus and computer linguistic perspective. Since July 2007, historical formulaic language has been a subject of investigation in the research group "Historical Formulaic Language and Traditions of Communication" at the University of Trier. Corpus and computer linguistic methods are not in the middle of the research interest in this project but they constitute its important methodological part. After a short introduction (Chapter 1), Chapter 2 gives a brief outline about the state of the art in the field of formulaic language within the framework of corpus and computer linguistics. Chapter 3 analyzes some problems in this area with regard to modern languages. The issues tackled here turn to be even more problematic from an historical point of view, as shown in the following Chapter 4. Finally, Chapter 5 suggests a possible solution that was developed and implemented in the HiFoS-group.

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