Anestesia Pediátrica em Período de Imaturidade Cerebral e Perturbações do Neurodesenvolvimento

Introduction: Several experimental and clinical studies suggest that drugs used in pediatric anesthesia may exert undesirable effects on the developing central nervous system. The objective of this review was to assess the results and conclusions of published studies on long lasting neurodevelopment disorders following exposure to anesthetics in children in a phase of brain immaturity. Material and Methods: We performed a literature search in several sources (PubMed, SciELO and Cochrane Library) using the terms ‘Pediatric anesthesia OR Pediatric anesthetic OR Developing brain anesthetic OR Developing brain anesthesia AND behavior disorders’. We selected human studies, referring to long lasting neurodevelopment effects after exposure to anesthetics in the first four years of life. Results: Ten retrospective studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these, seven suggest risk of neurobehavioral disorders after exposure of small children to anesthetics, as opposed to the results obtained by the other three. Discussion: Although mostly using large databases, the studies found are retrospective, vary in test groups, include sometimes avoidable confounders and some present inaccuracies in the choice of the test and control populations that can compromise the reliability of the results. Conclusion: Because of the numerous limitations of the few studies available, the reported results are still deemed insufficient to change current clinical practice. However, although it is undisputable that anesthesia should be provided when needed, regardless of age, the warnings found in literature are worrisome, therefore whenever surgery is unavoidable in small children, alternatives that may help reduce the risks of anesthetic exposure should be sought. Keywords: Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Child; Infant; Brain/growth & development; Developmental Disabilities; Cognition Disorders; Review Literature as Topic.

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Indicated preventive interventions for anxiety in children and adolescents: a review and meta-analysis of school based programs

10.31234/osf.io/jadxq ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Siobhan Hugh-Jones ◽

Sophie Beckett ◽

Pavan Mallikarjun

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Child And Adolescent ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Control Groups ◽

Adolescent Anxiety ◽

School Based ◽

Intervention Intensity ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

And Control

Schools are promising sites for the delivery of prevention and early intervention programs to reduce child and adolescent anxiety. It is unclear whether universal or targeted approaches are most effective. This review and meta-analysis examines the effectiveness of school-based indicated interventions and was registered with PROSPERO [CRD42018087628].MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomised controlled trials comparing indicated school programs for child and adolescent anxiety to active or inactive control groups. Twenty original studies, with 2076 participants, met the inclusion criteria and 18 were suitable for meta-analysis. Sub-group and sensitivity analyses explored intervention intensity, delivery agent and control type. A small beneficial effect was found for indicated programs compared to controls on self-reported anxiety symptoms at post-test (g = -0.28, CI = -0.50, -0.05, k= 18). The small effect was maintained at 6 (g = -0.35, CI= -0.58, -0.13, k = 9) and 12 months (g = -0.24, CI = -0.48, 0.00, k = 4). Based on two studies, >12 month effects were very small (g = -0.01, CI= -0.38, 0.36). No differences were found based on intervention intensity, delivery agent and control type. There was evidence of publication bias and a relatively high risk of contamination in studies. Findings support the value of school based indicated programs for child and adolescent anxiety. Effects at 12 months outperform many universal programs. High quality, randomised controlled and pragmatic trials are needed, with attention control groups and beyond 12 month diagnostic assessments are needed.

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Awakening Children's Minds

10.1093/oso/9780195124859.001.0001 ◽

2001 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laura E. Berk

Keyword(s):

Adult Child ◽

Educational Practice ◽

Private Speech ◽

Child Rearing ◽

General Audience ◽

Educational Environments ◽

Problem Solving Strategies ◽

Way Of Thinking ◽

And Behavior ◽

And Control

Parents and teachers today face a swirl of conflicting theories about child rearing and educational practice. Indeed, current guides are contradictory, oversimplified, and at odds with current scientific knowledge. Now, in Awakening Children's Minds, Laura Berk cuts through the confusion of competing theories, offering a new way of thinking about the roles of parents and teachers and how they can make a difference in children's lives. This is the first book to bring to a general audience, in lucid prose richly laced with examples, truly state-of-the-art thinking about child rearing and early education. Berk's central message is that parents and teachers contribute profoundly to the development of competent, caring, well-adjusted children. In particular, she argues that adult-child communication in shared activities is the wellspring of psychological development. These dialogues enhance language skills, reasoning ability, problem-solving strategies, the capacity to bring action under the control of thought, and the child's cultural and moral values. Berk explains how children weave the voices of more expert cultural members into dialogues with themselves. When puzzling, difficult, or stressful circumstances arise, children call on this private speech to guide and control their thinking and behavior. In addition to providing clear roles for parents and teachers, Berk also offers concrete suggestions for creating and evaluating quality educational environments--at home, in child care, in preschool, and in primary school--and addresses the unique challenges of helping children with special needs. Parents, Berk writes, need a consistent way of thinking about their role in children's lives, one that can guide them in making effective child-rearing decisions. Awakening Children's Minds gives us the basic guidance we need to raise caring, thoughtful, intelligent children.

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Real-World Implementation of an ICT-Based Platform to Promote Energy Efficiency

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14092416 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2416

Author(s):

Marina Dorokhova ◽

Fernando Ribeiro ◽

António Barbosa ◽

João Viana ◽

Filipe Soares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Real World ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Horizon 2020 ◽

Flexible Devices ◽

Information And Communication ◽

Energy Consuming ◽

And Behavior ◽

And Control

The energy efficiency requirements of most energy-consuming sectors have increased recently in response to climate change. For buildings, this means targeting both facility managers and building users with the aim of identifying potential energy savings and encouraging more energy-responsible behaviors. The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) platform developed in Horizon 2020 FEEdBACk project intends to fulfill these goals by enabling the optimization of energy consumption, generation, and storage and control of flexible devices without compromising comfort levels and indoor air quality parameters. This work aims to demonstrate the real-world implementation and functionality of the ICT platform composed of Load Disaggregation, Net Load Forecast, Occupancy Forecast, Automation Manager, and Behavior Predictor applications. Particularly, the results obtained by individual applications during the test phase are presented alongside the specific metrics used to evaluate their performance.

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MS1-type bioengineered spider silk nanoparticles do not exhibit toxicity in an in vivo mouse model

Nanomedicine ◽

10.2217/nnm-2021-0029 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tomasz Deptuch ◽

Anna Florczak ◽

Anna Lewandowska ◽

Ewa Leporowska ◽

Karolina Penderecka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spider Silk ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Growth Factor Receptor ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Internal Organs ◽

Toxicological Evaluation ◽

Epidermal Growth ◽

And Behavior ◽

And Control

Background: Due to factors such as silk sequence, purification, degradation, morphology and functionalization, each silk variant should be individually tested for potential toxicity. Aim: In vivo toxicological evaluation of the previously characterized bioengineered H2.1MS1 spider silk particles that can deliver chemotherapeutics to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer. Materials & methods: Silk nanoparticles (H2.1MS1 and control MS1) were administered intravenously to mice, and then the organismal response was assessed. Several parameters of acute and subchronic toxicity were analyzed, including animal mortality and behavior, nanosphere biodistribution, and histopathological analysis of internal organs. Also, the complete blood count, as well as the concentration of biochemical parameters and cytokines in the serum, were examined. Results & conclusion: No toxicity of the systemically administrated silk nanosphere was observed, indicating their potential application in biomedicine.

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Basel's Rural Pastors as Mediators of Confessional and Social Discipline

Central European History ◽

10.1163/15691610052927628 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 67-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Amy Nelson Burnett

Keyword(s):

Early Modern ◽

Political Process ◽

Early Modern Europe ◽

Cultural Changes ◽

Territorial State ◽

The Reformation ◽

Social Discipline ◽

Disciplinary Process ◽

And Behavior ◽

And Control

Overthe last two decades historians of early modern Europe have adopted the paradigm of confessionalization to describe the religious, political, and cultural changes that occurred in the two centuries following the Reformation.1As an explanatory model confessionalization has often been portrayed as the religious and ecclesiastical parallel to the secular and political process of social discipline, as formulated by Gerhard Oestreich.2In its simplest form, the process of confessional and social discipline is depicted as hierarchical and unidirectional: the impulse to discipline and control came from the secular and ecclesiastical authorities, and the laity, particularly the peasants at the bottom of the hierarchy, had little possibility of exerting counterpressures on those seeking to shape their beliefs and behavior. The inevitable result of the disciplinary process was the gradual suppression of popular culture and the imposition of new standards of belief and behavior on the subjects of the territorial state.

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Assessment of Prophylactic Carbapenem Antibiotics Administration for Severe Acute Pancreatitis: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Digestion ◽

10.1159/000520892 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Daxin Guo ◽

Wei Dai ◽

Jingyi Shen ◽

Mengting Zhang ◽

Yetan Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Organ Failure ◽

Severe Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Pancreatic Pseudocyst ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Fluid Collection ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Intensive Care Unit Treatment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Background: The effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) remains a debatable issue. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the efficacy of prophylactic carbapenem antibiotics in SAP. Methods: This meta-analysis of prophylactic carbapenem antibiotics for SAP was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library up to February 2021. The related bibliographies were manually searched. The primary outcomes involved infected pancreatic or peripancreatic necrosis, mortality, complications, infections, and organ failure. Results: Seven articles comprised 5 randomized controlled trials and 2 retrospective observational studies, including 3,864 SAP participants. Prophylactic carbapenem antibiotics in SAP were associated with a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of infections (odds ratio [OR]: 0.27; p = 0.03) and complications (OR: 0.48; p = 0.009). Nevertheless, no statistically significant difference was demonstrated in the incidence of infected pancreatic or peripancreatic necrosis (OR: 0.74; p = 0.24), mortality (OR: 0.69; p = 0.17), extrapancreatic infection (OR: 0.64, p = 0.54), pulmonary infection (OR: 1.23; p = 0.69), blood infection (OR: 0.60; p = 0.35), urinary tract infection (OR: 0.97; p = 0.97), pancreatic pseudocyst (OR: 0.59; p = 0.28), fluid collection (OR: 0.91; p = 0.76), organ failure (OR: 0.63; p = 0.19), acute respiratory distress syndrome (OR: 0.80; p = 0.61), surgical intervention (OR: 0.97; p = 0.93), dialysis (OR: 2.34; p = 0.57), use of respirator or ventilator (OR: 1.90; p = 0.40), intensive care unit treatment (OR: 2.97; p = 0.18), and additional antibiotics (OR: 0.59; p = 0.28) between the experimental and control groups. Conclusions: It is not recommended to administer routine prophylactic carbapenem antibiotics in SAP.

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Functions of Gtf2i and Gtf2ird1 in the developing brain: transcription, DNA-binding, and long term behavioral consequences

10.1101/854851 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nathan D. Kopp ◽

Kayla R. Nygaard ◽

Katherine B. McCullough ◽

Susan E. Maloney ◽

Harrison W. Gabel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Binding ◽

Binding Sites ◽

Conditioned Fear ◽

Developing Brain ◽

Ctcf Binding ◽

Microdeletion Syndrome ◽

Behavioral Phenotypes ◽

Marble Burying ◽

And Behavior

AbstractGtf2ird1 and Gtf2i may mediate aspects of the cognitive and behavioral phenotypes of Williams Syndrome (WS) – a microdeletion syndrome encompassing these transcription factors (TFs). Knockout mouse models of each TF show behavioral phenotypes. Here we identify their genomic binding sites in the developing brain, and test for additive effects of their mutation on transcription and behavior. Both TFs target constrained chromatin modifier and synaptic protein genes, including a significant number of ASD genes. They bind promoters, strongly overlap CTCF binding and TAD boundaries, and moderately overlap each other, suggesting epistatic effects. We used single and double mutants to test whether mutating both TFs will modify transcriptional and behavioral phenotypes of single Gtf2ird1 mutants. Despite little difference in DNA-binding and transcriptome-wide expression, Gtf2ird1 mutation caused balance, marble burying, and conditioned fear phenotypes. However, mutating Gtf2i in addition to Gtf2ird1 did not further modify transcriptomic or most behavioral phenotypes, suggesting Gtf2ird1 mutation alone is sufficient.

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Metacognition: A new cognitive paradigm

Psihologija ◽

10.2298/psi0402149k ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 149-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Milos Kankaras

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Cognitive Activity ◽

Human Mind ◽

Short Period ◽

Wide Range ◽

Thinking Processes ◽

And Behavior ◽

And Control ◽

Metacognitive Experiences

This article reviews concept of metacognition, defined as: (a) knowledge about ones own cognitive activity, (b) strategies to monitor and regulate cognitive activity and behavior, and (c) subjective or metacognitive experiences which comes from some changes or temporary difficulties in cognitive functioning. While describing different conceptualizations of metacognition, its development, fields of application, relation with intelligence, and its constrictions and ambiguity, we attempt to present new and emerging metacognitive paradigm, which is, for a relatively short period, succeeded to improve, expand, and redefine wide range of theoretical and practical fields in psychology, on new and original way. How do we become conscious of our own cognitive processes? What role and significance that consciousness has, what is the functional level above thinking processes and how that level, which monitor and control cognitive activity, works. Metacognition is concept that presents, as so far, the most important insight in those human mind areas, which, although very important, remained on the margin of psychological investigations until now.

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Effect of music therapy intervention in pain reduction during venepuncture in neonates

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20192750 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 1529

Author(s):

S. Ragasivamalini ◽

N. S. Ragupathy

Keyword(s):

Music Therapy ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Pain Perception ◽

Pain Reduction ◽

Control Group ◽

Therapy Interventions ◽

And Behavior ◽

And Control ◽

Therapy Intervention

Background: Neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit are exposed to a high number of painful procedures. Since repeated and sustained pain can have consequences for the neurological and behavior‐oriented problem in the future. Non‐pharmacological treatment methods are being increasingly discussed with regard to pain prevention and relief during mild or moderate procedures. The aim of this study was to identify effectiveness of music therapy interventions on pain reduction during venipuncture in neonates.Methods: Total of 60 neonates undergoing venepuncture in the postnatal ward was included in this study. They were divided into the music group (n-30) and control group (n-30) by convenient sampling method. The neonates in music group were exposed to pre-recorded lullaby 5 minutes before starting the venepuncture and during the procedure of venepuncture. The NPASS was done 5 minutes before, during and 5 minutes after the procedure.Results: Compared to the control group neonates, music group neonates showed significantly (P <0.05) less pain perception during intravenous needle puncture. The results showed that music group neonates have significantly less score of NPASS than control group neonates (P<0.001) all five domains.Conclusions: Hence for routine painful procedures like venepuncture, music therapy could be helpful in neonates in reducing the pain perception. Further studies are needed to validate our findings in large sample with proper study design in future.

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Editorial: Understanding the Link Between the Developing Brain and Behavior in Adolescents

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnhum.2021.663454 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Tim J. Silk ◽

Megan M. Herting ◽

Lara M. Wierenga ◽

Nandita Vijayakumar

Keyword(s):

Developing Brain ◽

Brain And Behavior ◽

And Behavior

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