scholarly journals Mielite Extensa como Manifestação de Neuroborreliose

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Brás ◽  
Nuno Marques ◽  
Beatriz Santiago ◽  
Anabela Matos ◽  
Fradique Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Good Clinical Outcome ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Extensive Transverse Myelitis

Neurological manifestations of Lyme disease are reported in 3% - 12% of patients, with the most common form of presentation being meningoradiculitis. Other symptoms involving the central nervous system, such as myelitis or encephalitis, are rare (< 5 %). We report a case of a 66-year-old male, with a subacute extensive transverse myelitis, secondary to Borrelia burgdorferi infection. The patient underwent antibiotic therapy filed for neuroborreliosis with a good clinical outcome. The rareness in clinical symptoms and imaging presentation, based on a treatable infectious disease, highlights the importance of the inclusion of neuroborreliosis in the differential diagnosis of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis.

Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis after Campylobacter jejuni enteritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudy Llamas ◽  
Karl Hazel ◽  
Patrick Nicholson ◽  
Lisa Costelloe
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Extensive Transverse Myelitis

Campylobacter jejuni infection is well-known to precipitate Guillain-Barré syndrome through an immune-mediated attack on the peripheral nervous system. Molecular mimicry between C. jejuni lipo-oligosaccharides on the surface of infectious agents and human gangliosides in the peripheral nerves induces cross-reactive immune responses. Although gangliosides also occur in the central nervous system (CNS), autoimmune CNS disorders rarely follow C. jejuni infections. However, longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis commonly has a parainfectious cause, triggered by a wide range of micro-organisms including viruses and bacteria. We report a patient who developed longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis after C. jejuni enteritis associated with antiganglioside antibodies.

scholarly journals Leptomeningeal and Intraparenchymal Blood Barrier Disruption in a MOG-IgG-Positive Patient

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Hamidreza Mohseni ◽  
Hanne Pernille Bro Skejoe ◽  
Jens Wuerfel ◽  
Friedemann Paul ◽  
Markus Reindl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Healthy Woman ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein ◽  
Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Leptomeningeal Involvement ◽  
Cns Demyelination ◽  
Extensive Transverse Myelitis

Background. Recently, pathogenic serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) have been detected in a subgroup of patients with central nervous system (CNS) demyelination, including in patients with myelitis. Relatively little is known so far about leptomeningeal involvement in MOG-IgG-positive myelitis. Findings. We report the case of a 30-year-old previously healthy woman presenting with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and tetraparesis, in whom both the leptomeningeal barrier and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) were altered, as demonstrated by gadolinium-enhanced MRI during relapse. Blood samples taken at onset and four years later were retrospectively found positive for MOG-IgG. Conclusion. Our findings demonstrate that spinal leptomeningeal enhancement (LME) can occur in MOG-IgG-positive encephalomyelitis (EM) and may accompany intraparenchymal BBB breakdown.

scholarly journals Infection of the central nervous system with dengue virus 3 genotype I causing neurological manifestations in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Bretas de Oliveira ◽  
Guilherme Machado ◽  
Gabriel Magno de Freitas Almeida ◽  
Paulo César Peregrino Ferreira ◽  
Cláudio Antônio Bonjardim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
The Central Nervous System

First Presentation of an Acquired Demyelinating Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
Rachel Gottlieb-Smith ◽  
Amy Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractAcquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) present with acute or subacute monofocal or polyfocal neurologic deficits localizing to the central nervous system. The clinical features of distinct ADS have been carefully characterized including optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. These disorders may all be monophasic disorders. Alternatively, optic neuritis, partial transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis may be first presentations of a relapsing or polyphasic neuroinflammatory disorder, such as multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica. The clinical features of these disorders and the differential diagnosis are discussed in this article.

Primary Leptomeningeal Gliomatosis in Children and Adults: A Morphological and Molecular Comparative Study With Literature Review

Neurosurgery ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnault Tauziede-Espariat ◽  
Andre Maues de Paula ◽  
Melanie Pages ◽  
Annie Laquerriere ◽  
Emilie Caietta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Malignant Gliomas ◽  
Leptomeningeal Gliomatosis ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Mean

Abstract BACKGROUND: Primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis (PLG) is a poorly recognized tumor of the central nervous system. OBJECTIVE: To describe the histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of PLG. METHODS: Results of our multicentric retrospective study of 6 PLG cases (3 pediatric and 3 adult) were compared with literature data. RESULTS: The mean age was 54.7 years for adults and 8.7 years for children, with 3 males and 3 females. Clinical symptoms were nonspecific. Cerebrospinal fluid analyses showed a high protein level often associated with pleocytosis but without neoplastic cells. On neuroimaging, diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement and hydrocephalus were observed, except in 1 case. PLG was mostly misinterpreted as infectious or tumoral meningitis. The first biopsy was negative in 50% of cases. Histopathologically, PLG cases corresponded to 1 oligodendroglioma without 1p19q codeletion and 5 astrocytomas without expression of p53. No immunostaining for IDH1R132H and no mutations of IDH1/2 and H3F3A genes were found. Overall survival was highly variable (2-82 months) but seems to be increased in children treated with chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: This study shows the difficulties of PLG diagnosis. The challenge is to achieve an early biopsy to establish a diagnosis and to begin a treatment, but the prognosis remains poor. PLG seems to have a different molecular and immunohistochemical pattern compared with intraparenchymal malignant gliomas.

scholarly journals Elucidating the Neuropathologic Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mar Pacheco-Herrero ◽  
Luis O. Soto-Rojas ◽  
Charles R. Harrington ◽  
Yazmin M. Flores-Martinez ◽  
Marcos M. Villegas-Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The current pandemic caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a public health emergency. To date, March 1, 2021, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused about 114 million accumulated cases and 2.53 million deaths worldwide. Previous pieces of evidence suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may affect the central nervous system (CNS) and cause neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients. It is also known that angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), the primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infection, is expressed in different brain areas and cell types. Thus, it is hypothesized that infection by this virus could generate or exacerbate neuropathological alterations. However, the molecular mechanisms that link COVID-19 disease and nerve damage are unclear. In this review, we describe the routes of SARS-CoV-2 invasion into the central nervous system. We also analyze the neuropathologic mechanisms underlying this viral infection, and their potential relationship with the neurological manifestations described in patients with COVID-19, and the appearance or exacerbation of some neurodegenerative diseases.

Distribution of Wfs1 protein in the central nervous system of the mouse and its relation to clinical symptoms of the Wolfram syndrome

2008 ◽  
Vol 509 (6) ◽  
pp. 642-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik Luuk ◽  
Sulev Koks ◽  
Mario Plaas ◽  
Jens Hannibal ◽  
Jens F. Rehfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Wolfram Syndrome ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Neuromyelitis Optica

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teri L. Schreiner ◽  
Jeffrey L. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), or Devic’s disease is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system that preferentially affects the optic nerves and spinal cord. Initially considered a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS), NMO is now clearly recognized to have distinct clinical, radiographic, and pathologic characteristics. Historically, the diagnosis of NMO required bilateral optic neuritis and transverse myelitis; however, the identification of a specific biomarker, NMO-IgG, an autoantibody against the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel, has broadened NMO spectrum disease to include patients with diverse clinical and radiographic presentations. This chapter addresses the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of the disease.

Mucopolysaccharidosis in Adults

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian J. Hendriksz ◽  
Francois Karstens
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
System P ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Different Cell Types

There are 8 different types of diseases of the mucopolysaccharides, each caused by a deficiency in one of 10 different enzymes involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Partially degraded GAGs accumulate within the lysosomes of many different cell types and lead to clinical symptoms and excretion of large amounts of GAGs in the urine. Heritability is autosomal recessive except for MPS type II, which is X-linked. The disorders are chronic and progressive and, although the specific types all have their individual features, they share an abundance of clinical similarities. All involve the musculoskeletal, the cardiovascular, the pulmonary and the central nervous system.

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