scholarly journals Long-term Effects of Male Reading Tutors, Choice of Text and Computer-based Text on Boys’ Reading Achievement

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Laura Sokal
Keyword(s):  
Reading Achievement ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Struggling Readers ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Reading Tutors ◽  
Reading Materials ◽  
Computer Based

Sixty-two inner-city Canadian boys identified as struggling readers participated in a 22-week intervention that examined the effects of male reading tutors, computer-based texts, and choice of reading materials. Immediately after the intervention, boys demonstrated between-group changes to reader self-perceptions and gendered views of reading but no between-group differences in achievement. Two years after the intervention’s completion, the boys’ reading comprehension achievement scores were again examined and compared to 62 non-participating boys matched at the time of the study’s onset. Results showed no significant differences between the two groups. Of the boys who participated in the intervention, working with male reading tutors and with computer-based texts did not result in higher achievement than working with female reading tutors or with print-based texts. However, boys who were not given a choice in their reading materials demonstrated reading achievement six months ahead of the boys who were given a choice. 

Little lifesavers: Can we start first aid education in kindergarten? – A longitudinal cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 1007-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bálint Bánfai ◽  
Attila Pandur ◽  
Bence Schiszler ◽  
Emese Pék ◽  
Balázs Radnai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
External Defibrillator

Objectives: First aid programmes should include not only the transfer of knowledge and skills but also improve participants’ helping attitudes. The aim of this study was to evalute the immediate and long-term effects of a 3-day first aid programme for kindergarten children. Methods: One hundred and eighteen kindergarten children (5–7 years old) from an inner-city kindergarten located in Pécs, Hungary, were involved in this study between January 2016 and June 2017. Training consisted of three 45-minute sessions involving the transfer of theoretical knowledge and practical skills about first aid. Knowledge, skills and attitudes were assessed by means of a questionnaire developed for the study and through observation. Participants were tested before and immediately after the programme and at 4 and 15 months. Results: The majority of children had no prior knowledge in first aid. Knowledge and skills significantly improved immediately after training and remained significantly higher at 4 and 15 months when compared to baseline – calling the ambulance ( p < 0.01), performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR; p < .01), using an automated external defibrillator (AED; p < .01), handling an unconscious patient ( p < .01) and managing bleeding ( p < .01). Attitudes towards first aid improved significantly after the programme ( p < .01) and remained improved after 4 and 15 months when compared to baseline ( p < .01). Conclusion: Beginning first aid education in kindergarten can be useful. Children cannot become professional bystanders immediately following training, but the programme can offer an introduction of first aid. However, the results decreased substantially after 15 months so regular refreshing training should be recommended.

Future-Oriented Self-Perceptions and Exercise Behavior in Middle-Aged Women

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane E. Whaley
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Possible Selves ◽  
Exercise Behavior ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Exercise Behaviors ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Efficacy Outcome

Future-oriented self-perceptions, or possible selves (Markus & Nurius, 1986), represent how individuals think about their potential and their future. To explore the cognitive processes involved in the decision to exercise, the possible selves of 203 middle-aged women from a university community, representing a range of exercise behaviors, were examined. Comparisons were made of possible selves identified by participants across levels of exercise behavior, and the ability of possible selves to discriminate exercisers from nonexercisers was examined. Group differences were most evident in possible selves related to body image, with hoped-for and feared selves more likely to be described by inactive individuals than by their more active counterparts. The self-regulatory mechanisms of self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, and importance discriminated nonexercisers from exercisers, particularly long-term exercisers. Findings support the conclusion that possible selves related to exercise is a useful construct for examining the process of behavioral change and for planning future exercise interventions.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of maternal deprivation on the corticosterone response to stress in rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (4) ◽  
pp. R1332-R1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Suchecki ◽  
Sergio Tufik
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Maternal Deprivation ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Saline Injection ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Corticosterone Response ◽  
Adrenal Response

Twenty-four hours of maternal deprivation result in activation of the infant rat’s adrenocortical axis. In the present study we examined the long-term effects of maternal deprivation on the corticosterone (Cort) response to stress. Pups were maternally deprived (Dep) on postnatal day( PND) 11 and tested immediately ( PND 12) or returned to their mothers and tested at later ages. Testing consisted of a time course of the Cort response to a saline injection (5, 15, 30, and 60 min). At PND 12, the response of Dep pups was higher than that of nondeprived (non-Dep) pups. No group differences were observed at PND 16 and 22. On PND 30, Dep rats showed lower Cort levels than non-Dep pups at 0, 5, and 30 min after saline. At PND 60, non-Dep females showed higher Cort levels than males at 5, 15, and 30 min. This gender difference for Dep pups was observed only at 5 min. Male and female Dep animals presented lower Cort levels than non-Dep counterparts at 60 and 30 min after saline, respectively. These findings indicate that maternal deprivation effects on Cort secretion are long lasting. Dep rats showed a smaller adrenal response to stress at PND 30, whereas as adults the stress response was similar but the turnoff was different.

The use of operational research and systems analysis in decision making in Unilever

1977 ◽  
Vol 287 (1346) ◽  
pp. 487-492
Keyword(s):  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Operational Research ◽  
Financial Models ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Telecommunications Network ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Balance Of Interest ◽  
Wild Life

An organization as big as Unilever (1975 sales were £7000 million) needs to consider the balance of interest between shareholders, employees, customers, government and the environment. Many routine decisions are computerized and no longer of scientific interest. The talk will be concerned with some more complex problems. Decision trees are being used on investment and withdrawal problems. Systems analysis helps us to study the long-term effects of effluents on wild life in rivers. We have the world’s largest private telecommunications network so that managers can have access to current information and we have computer based financial models to enable us to explore the effects of decisions on cash and profit flows.

Long-term effects of a computer-based nutritional training program for inpatient hospital care

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Westergren ◽  
Ellinor Edfors ◽  
Erika Norberg ◽  
Anna Stubbendorff ◽  
Gita Hedin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Inpatient Hospital ◽  
Computer Based

scholarly journals Assessing the Long-Term Impact of Concussion upon Cognition: A 5-Year Prospective Investigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 482-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Piantella ◽  
Stuart J McDonald ◽  
Paul Maruff ◽  
Bradley J Wright
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Prospective Design ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Prospective Investigation

Abstract Objective Jockeys have high rates of concussion, with 5% of jockeys receiving at least one concussion annually. The impact of acute concussion upon cognition is well understood, but less is known about the long-term effects of concussion upon cognition. Our aim was to assess the impact of concussion upon jockeys who had provided pre-concussion assessments of cognition using a prospective design. Method In this study, over a 5-year period, we assessed the cognitive performance of jockeys with ≥1 medically diagnosed concussion (MDC; n = 17, months since concussion, M = 29.18), against those who had not been concussed (NC; n = 41). Jockeys who had not been concussed in the preceding 6 months completed four computer-based cognitive assessments from the CogSport battery. Results Unlike the majority of the small existing literature, there was no difference (p ≥ .05) between the MDC and NC groups after controlling for age and baseline performance. Additionally, we used a measure of reliable change to assess for clinically meaningful decrements from baseline in each test and composite score 5 years later. None of the jockeys in the MDC group recorded significant decrements on any CogSport measure from baseline (z &gt; −1.65). Conclusions The findings suggest that the presence of concussion does not result in persistent decrements in cognitive performance and that when findings are considered collectively, assessing factors beyond medically diagnosed concussion (e.g., chronic stress, undiagnosed concussion) may improve the interpretation of our current findings.

scholarly journals More than teacher directed or child initiated: Preschool curriculum type, parent involvement, and children's outcomes in the child-parent centers.

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Graue ◽  
Melissa A. Clements ◽  
Arthur J. Reynolds ◽  
Michael D. Niles
Keyword(s):  
Parent Involvement ◽  
Reading Achievement ◽  
School Readiness ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Grade Retention ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Low Income Children ◽  
Kindergarten Entry

This study investigated the contributions of curriculum approach and parent involvement to the short- and long-term effects of preschool participation in the Title I Chicago Child-Parent Centers. Data came from the complete cohort of 989 low-income children (93% African American) in the Chicago Longitudinal Study, who attended preschool in the 20 Child-Parent Centers in 1983-1985 and kindergarten in 1985-1986. We found that implementation of an instructional approach rated high by Head Teachers in teacher-directed and child-initiated activities was most consistently associated with children’s outcomes, including school readiness at kindergarten entry, reading achievement in third and eighth grades, and avoidance of grade retention. Parent involvement in school activities, as rated by teachers and by parents, was independently associated with child outcomes from school readiness at kindergarten entry to eighth grade reading achievement and grade retention above and beyond the influence of curriculum approach. Findings indicate that instructional approaches that blend a teacher-directed focus with child-initiated activities and parental school involvement are origins of the long-term effects of participation in the Child-Parent Centers.

Chronic Effects of Blast-Related TBI on Subcortical Functional Connectivity in Veterans

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary R. Newsome ◽  
Andrew R. Mayer ◽  
Xiaodi Lin ◽  
Maya Troyanskaya ◽  
George R. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Subcortical Regions ◽  
The Right

AbstractObjectives: Blast explosions are the most frequent mechanism of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in recent wars, but little is known about their long-term effects. Methods: Functional connectivity (FC) was measured in 17 veterans an average of 5.46 years after their most serious blast related TBI, and in 15 demographically similar veterans without TBI or blast exposure. Subcortical FC was measured in bilateral caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus. The default mode and fronto-parietal networks were also investigated. Results: In subcortical regions, between-groups t tests revealed altered FC from the right putamen and right globus pallidus. However, following analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with age, depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom (PTSD Checklist – Civilian version) measures, significant findings remained only for the right globus pallidus with anticorrelation in bilateral temporal occipital fusiform cortex, occipital fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus, and cerebellum, as well as the right occipital pole. No group differences were found for the default mode network. Although reduced FC was found in the fronto-parietal network in the TBI group, between-group differences were nonsignificant after the ANCOVA. Conclusions: FC of the globus pallidus is altered years after exposure to blast related TBI. Future studies are necessary to explore the trajectory of changes in FC in subcortical regions after blast TBI, the effects of isolated versus repetitive blast-related TBI, and the relation to long-term outcomes in veterans. (JINS, 2016, 22, 631–642)

The Long-Term Effects of Extreme War-Related Trauma on the Second Generation of Holocaust Survivors

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Gangi ◽  
Alessandra Talamo ◽  
Stefano Ferracuti
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Holocaust Survivors ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adjective Check List ◽  
Anxiety Questionnaire

The psychological consequences of intergenerational trauma on the second generation of Holocaust survivors were studied in a sample of 40 nonimmigrant Italian Jews and compared to a control group. Differences between offspring of Holocaust survivors (HSO) and a comparison group were assessed by the Adjective Check List, Anxiety Questionnaire Scale, Defence Mechanism Inventory, and Family Environment Scale. Although the HSO displayed no serious psychological consequences, they had higher anxiety levels than controls, low self-esteem, inhibition of aggression, and relational ambivalence. These data partially confirm previous research on the topic, although the level of psychological distress seems to be lower in the Italian sample than in other samples of second-generation Holocaust survivors.

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