scholarly journals Empirische Forschung und theoretischer Fortschritt in der Familiensoziologie: Koreferat zu Johannes Huininks Beitrag

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260
Author(s):  
Martin Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Empirische Forschung ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Theoretical Reasoning

In this paper, I discuss the question what kind of empirical research should be considered necessary for achieving progress in the formation of theory. In four theses, I present research designs that could complement ‘classical’ research designs in a fruitful manner: first, boosting the application of longitudinal data; second, strengthening the observation of small subgroups; third, applying experimental procedures; and, fourth, applying simulation studies. A stronger emphasis on these less-employed research designs can contribute to a stronger interrelation between empirical research and theoretical reasoning. Zusammenfassung In diesem Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, welcher Art von empirischer Forschung es bedarf, um theoretischen Fortschritt zu erzielen. In Thesenform werden vier Forschungsdesigns vorgestellt, die die „klassischen“ Forschungsdesigns fruchtbar ergänzen können: 1. der verstärkte Einsatz von Längsschnittdaten, 2. die verstärkte Betrachtung kleiner Subgruppen, 3. der Einsatz experimenteller Verfahren und schließlich 4. der Einsatz von Simulationsstudien. Der vermehrte Bezug auf diese bisher weniger gebräuchlichen Designs kann dazu beitragen, Empirie und Theorie stärker aufeinander zu beziehen.

New Statistical Methods Inspired by Data Collected from Alcohol and Substance Abuse Research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Buu ◽  
Runze Li
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Regression Splines ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Measurement Reactivity ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Highly Correlated

This chapter provides a nontechnical review of new statistical methodology for longitudinal data analysis that has been published in statistical journals in recent years. The methodology has applications in four important areas: (1) conducting variable selection among many highly correlated risk factors when the outcome measure is zero-inflated count; (2) characterizing developmental trajectories of symptomatology using regression splines; (3) modeling the longitudinal association between risk factors and substance use outcomes as time-varying effects; and (4) testing measurement reactivity and predictive validity using daily process data. The excellent statistical properties of the methods introduced have been supported by simulation studies. The applications in alcohol and substance abuse research have also been demonstrated by graphs on real longitudinal data.

scholarly journals Osteopathic empirical research: a bibliometric analysis from 1966 to 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Morin ◽  
Isabelle Gaboury
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
System Body

Abstract Background Despite the increasing use of osteopathy, a manipulative complementary and alternative medicine therapy, in the general population, its efficacy continues to be debated. In this era of evidence-based practice, no studies have previously reviewed the scientific literature in the field to identify published knowledge, trends and gaps in empirical research. The aims of this bibliometric analysis are to describe characteristics of articles published on the efficacy of osteopathic interventions and to provide an overall portrait of their impacts in the scientific literature. Methods A bibliometric analysis approach was used. Articles were identified with searches using a combination of relevant MeSH terms and indexing keywords about osteopathy and research designs in MEDLINE and CINAHL databases. The following indicators were extracted: country of primary author, year of publication, journals, impact factor of the journal, number of citations, research design, participants’ age group, system/body part addressed, primary outcome, indexing keywords and types of techniques. Results A total of 389 articles met the inclusion criteria. The number of empirical studies doubled every 5 years, with the United States, Italy, Spain, and United Kingdom being the most productive countries. Twenty-three articles were cited over 100 times. Articles were published in 103 different indexed journals, but more than half (53.7%) of articles were published in one of three osteopathy-focused readership journals. Randomized control trials (n = 145; 37.3%) and case reports (n = 142; 36.5%) were the most common research designs. A total of 187 (48.1%) studies examined the effects of osteopathic interventions using a combination of techniques that belonged to two or all of the classic fields of osteopathic interventions (musculoskeletal, cranial, and visceral). Conclusion The number of osteopathy empirical studies increased significantly from 1980 to 2014. The productivity appears to be very much in sync with practice development and innovations; however, the articles were mainly published in osteopathic journals targeting a limited, disciplinary-focused readership.

Beyond Words

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaine E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Multimodal Composition ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Qualitative Coding

This review synthesizes and critically interprets the empirical research on adolescents’ multimodal composition practices across contexts. Along with presenting descriptive statistics characterizing the 76 studies reviewed (e.g., research designs, contexts, and types of multimodal products), qualitative coding revealed six main themes in research focusing on adolescents and multimodal composition. Sequenced according to prevalence, research has found that multimodal composition is: 1) engaging for adolescents, 2) a collaborative, social process, 3) particularly beneficial to “marginalized” adolescents, 4) involves overt instruction, 5) is scaffolded in a variety of ways, and 6) is a complex, recursive process. At a time when notions of composition are expanding—educators are trying to catch up and researchers have just begun to understand and theorize multimodal composition—this review offers a comprehensive look at what has been learned thus far and suggests implications for research and practice.

Injury Incidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-50
Author(s):  
Michael J. Saks ◽  
Stephan Landsman
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Healthcare Expenditures ◽  
Hospital Records ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Iatrogenic Harm

“Injury Incidence: Scope of the Problem” reviews the major empirical research on iatrogenic harm. Hospital-records studies find about 3% to 4% of patients suffer adverse events, about a third of which are attributable to negligence, equating to 250,000 or more deaths per year. These deaths and injuries are disaggregated into those attributable to treatment, infection, medication, and diagnosis. As research designs expand beyond medical records, and as settings extend beyond hospitals, the total increases. Direct-observation studies find about 10 times as many injurious adverse events. Methods involving more complex information-technology (Global Trigger) also find about 10 times as many. Adding to that, available data suggest that about as many adverse events occur outside of hospitals as inside. Finally, the chapter looks beyond inadvertent harms to intentional unnecessary treatment, much of which is understood as supply-sensitive care. These consume about 30% of healthcare expenditures.

Erfolgsfaktoren des B2B-Markenmanagements im Lichte empirischer Forschung

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Fritz ◽  
Irina Trushnikova
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Brand Management ◽  
Empirische Forschung ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Holistic Concept

In diesem Artikel werden zentrale Aspekte der Markenführung von Unternehmen in B2B-Märkten diskutiert, vor allem in Industriegütermärkten. Dabei werden Ansatzpunkte für ein erfolgreiches Markenmanagement verdeutlicht, soweit sie durch empirische Forschung belegt sind. Dies geschieht im Rahmen eines ganzheitlichen, sowohl interne als auch externe Dimensionen umfassenden Konzepts des Markenmanagements. Small and medium-sized industrial companies mostly attach little importance to brand management and only practice it fragmentary. Against this background, the relevance of brand management for firms in B2Bmarkets is demonstrated. Beginning with a look at the importance of B2B brands for corporate success, relevant starting points for a successful brand management in B2B settings are shown, as long as these are supported by empirical research. The empirical findings are presented within a holistic concept comprising internal and external dimensions of B2B brand management. Keywords: markenwert, markenpositionierung, markenidentität, markenführung, markenerfolg

Variable selection in rank regression for analyzing longitudinal data

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 2447-2458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liya Fu ◽  
You-Gan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Variable Selection ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Adaptive Lasso ◽  
New Method ◽  
Dispersion Function ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Rank Regression ◽  
Oracle Properties ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Selection Of

In this paper, we consider variable selection in rank regression models for longitudinal data. To obtain both robustness and effective selection of important covariates, we propose incorporating shrinkage by adaptive lasso or SCAD in the Wilcoxon dispersion function and establishing the oracle properties of the new method. The new method can be conveniently implemented with the statistical software R. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated via simulation studies. Finally, two datasets are analyzed for illustration. Some interesting findings are reported and discussed.

scholarly journals Intermediate Conditions of Democratic Accountability: A Response to Electoral Skepticism

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Maloy
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Democratic Accountability ◽  
Electoral Accountability ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Election Administration ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Popular Power

Attempts to respond to “democratic deficits” in modern constitutional republics must contend with the broad scholarly trend of electoral skepticism. While generally casting doubt on periodic competitive elections’ suitability as vehicles of accountability, electoral skepticism does not necessarily entail an absolute devaluation of elections. Some normative and empirical research responds to this trend by refocusing attention on values other than popular power, such as civil peace, which might be served by periodic competitive elections. Another response short of abandoning the value of popular power, however, is to draw out possibilities for institutional design from the restricted conditions under which previous study has found electoral accountability to be plausible or likely. This second task requires an empirically informed exercise in political theory. Pursuing it in a programmatic and policy-relevant way requires descending from the grand, systemic level of constitutional structures and electoral formulae to intermediate (or middle-range) institutional conditions of accountability, such as rules about parties, campaigns, and election administration. My analysis reinterprets principal-agent models to develop four general types of crucial condition for electoral accountability, and then ramifies this scheme by reference to recent empirical research. The result is a “top ten” list of specific institutional factors that could be theoretically decisive in helping or hindering electoral accountability. These ten conditions could guide future research designs and reform proposals alike.

scholarly journals Bayesian Estimation Analysis of Bernoulli Measurement Error Model for Longitudinal Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
Dewang Li ◽  
◽  
Meilan Qiu ◽  
Zhongyi Ke
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Bayesian Statistics ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Bayesian Method ◽  
Error Model ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Measurement Error Model ◽  
Mh Algorithm

The Bayesian method is used to study the inference of the semi-parametric measurement error model (MEs) with longitudinal data. A semi-parametric Bayesian method combined with fracture prior and Gibbs sampling combined with Metropolis-Hastings (MH) algorithm is applied and applied to the simulation observation from the posterior distribution, and the combined Bayesian statistics of unknown parameters and measurement errors are obtained. We obtained Bayesian estimates of the parameters and covariates of the measurement error model. Under three different priori assumptions, four simulation studies illustrate the effectiveness and utility of the proposed method.

Trust, Transparency, and Replication in Political Science

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (01) ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Laitin ◽  
Rob Reich
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Methodological Development ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Research Designs

ABSTRACT Striving better to uncover causal effects, political science is amid a revolution in micro-empirical research designs and experimental methods. This methodological development—although quite promising in delivering new findings and discovering the mechanisms that underlie previously known associations—raises new and unnerving ethical issues that have yet to be confronted by our profession. We believe that addressing these issues proactively by generating strong, internal norms of disciplinary regulation is preferable to reactive measures, which often come in the wake of public exposés and can lead to externally imposed regulations or centrally imposed internal policing.

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