Effect of Chronic Khat Chewing on Intima-Media Thickness of Common Carotid Arteries in Yemeni volunteers

Objective: To assess the changes occurring in both common carotid arteries (CCAs) intima-media thickness (IMT) in Yemeni chronic khat chewers using B-mode ultrasonography. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 195 participants (103 regular khat chewers and 92 non-khat chewers) conveniently selected at the Radiology Department of the University of Science and Technology Hospital (USTH) in Sana’a from August 2017 to August 2018. Data about gender, age, BMI, chewing khat and the period of chewing were collected from participants using a structured questionnaire. B-mode ultrasonography of bilateral CCAs was then performed to measure the IMT. Data were analyzed using suitable statistical tests, and P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The majority of participants with CCA-IMT were males (91.8%) and aged 27 years or younger (59.0%), with a mean age of 27.9 ± 6.8 years. Khat chewers constituted more than half of patients with CCA-IMT. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean values of RT CCA-IMT and LT CCA-IMT between khat chewers and non-khat chewers. The CCA-MIT was significantly higher among male khat chewers compared to male non-chewers (P = 0.004). However, there was no statistically significant difference between khat chewers and non-chewers with respect to the age of 20 years or older (P = 0.301) and BMI of 18.5 kg/m2 or higher (P = 0.888). Age showed a significant positive correlation with RT CCA-IMT (r = 0.380; P < 0.001) and LT CCA-IMT (r = 0.458; P < 0.001) in Khat chewers. In contrast, age showed a significant positive correlation with LT CCA-IMT only in non-khat chewers (r = 0.236; P = 0.024). On the other hand, BMI showed a significant positive correlation with LT CCA-IMT (r = 0.254; P = 0.010) among khat chewers, but no significant correlation was found in CCA-IMT of both sides among non-khat chewers. Among khat chewers, there was a significant positive correlation with RT CCA-IMT (r = 0.273; P = 0.005) and LT CCA-IMT(r = 0.194; P = 0.049). Conclusion: Khat chewing does not lead to a significant difference in CCA-IMT among Yemeni chewers compared to non-chewers. However, the period of chewing may slightly affect the CCA-IMT among khat chewers. Age has a significant positive correlation with CCA-IMT in khat chewers and LT CCA-MIT in non-khat chewers, which could help to determine the contribution of different predisposing factors to atherosclerosis. A significant positive correlation can be found between BMI and LT CCA-MIT among khat chewers. Keywords: Khat Chewing, Intima media thickness, Carotid, Yemen

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Effect of a six-month treatment with lanreotide on cardiovascular risk factors and arterial intima-media thickness in patients with acromegaly

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1460303 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 303-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

A Colao ◽

P Marzullo ◽

G Lombardi

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Disease Control ◽

Carotid Arteries ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Media Thickness ◽

Igf I ◽

The Right ◽

Common Carotid Arteries

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a 6-month treatment with slow-release lanreotide (LAN) on cardiovascular risk and atherosclerosis in 24 normotensive patients with active acromegaly (GH=67.4 +/- 12.6 mU/l, IGF--I=866.0 +/- 55.8 microg/l) and 24 healthy subjects sex-, age- and body mass index-matched with the patients (as controls). DESIGN: Open, prospective, multicenter. METHODS: The following were measured before and after 6 months of LAN treatment (dose 60-90 mg/month): fasting GH, IGF-I, LDL, HDL and total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin and fibrinogen levels, intima-media thickness (IMT) and blood systolic and diastolic peak velocity (SPV and DPV respectively) in both common carotids. RESULTS: At study entry, insulin, total and LDL cholesterol, triglyceride and fibrinogen levels were higher while HDL cholesterol levels were lower in patients than in controls. At the right (0.88 +/- 0.04 vs 0.77 +/- 0.03 mm, P=0.05) and left (0.93 +/- 0.03 vs 0.78 +/- 0.02 mm, P=0.01) common carotid IMT was significantly higher in patients than in controls; 12 patients and two controls showed an IMT of > or = 1 mm (chi(2)=8.2, P=0.004). After 6 months of LAN treatment, disease control was achieved in 15 patients (62.5%). Insulin, triglyceride and fibrinogen levels were significantly decreased, and a trend toward a decrease of IMT in the right (from 0.90 +/- 0.05 to 0.78 +/- 0.04 mm, P=0.06) and left (from 0.95 +/- 0.04 to 0.84 +/- 0.04 mm, P=0.06) common carotid arteries was observed only in patients with disease control, while SPV and DPV did not change. CONCLUSIONS: LAN treatment for 6 months significantly lowered GH, IGF-I, insulin and fibrinogen levels and reduced IMT of both common carotid arteries in normotensive patients with acromegaly.

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Carotid Atherosclerosis Evolution When Targeting a Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration <70 mg/dL After an Ischemic Stroke of Atherosclerotic Origin

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circulationaha.120.046774 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (8) ◽

pp. 748-757 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pierre Amarenco ◽

Cristina Hobeanu ◽

Julien Labreuche ◽

Hugo Charles ◽

Maurice Giroud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Carotid Arteries ◽

Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Target Group ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Media Thickness ◽

Common Carotid Arteries

Background: The TST trial (Treat Stroke to Target) showed the benefit of targeting a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration of <70 mg/dL in terms of reducing the risk of major cardiovascular events in 2860 patients with ischemic stroke with atherosclerotic stenosis of cerebral vasculature. The impact on carotid atherosclerosis evolution is not known. Methods: TST-PLUS (Treat Stroke to Target–Plaque Ultrasound Study) included 201 patients assigned to an LDL-C concentration of <70 mg/dL and 212 patients assigned to a target of 100±10 mg/dL. To achieve these goals, investigators used the statin and dosage of their choice and added ezetimibe as needed. Ultrasonographers were certified and carotid ultrasound examinations were performed using M′Ath software at baseline and at 2, 3, and 5 years. All images were uploaded to the Intelligence in Medical Technologies database directly from the carotid ultrasound device. The central core laboratory performed all offline measurements of the intima–media thickness of both common carotid arteries blinded from the randomization arm. The main outcomes were newly diagnosed atherosclerotic plaque on carotid bifurcation or internal carotid artery using the Mannheim consensus definition and between-group comparison of common carotid arteries intima–media thickness change. Results: After a median follow-up of 3.1 years, the achieved LDL-C concentrations were 64 mg/dL (1.64 mmol/L) in the lower-target group and 106 mg/dL (2.72 mmol/L) in the higher-target group. Compared with the higher-target group, patients in the lower-target group had a similar incidence of newly diagnosed carotid plaque: 46/201 (5-year rate, 26.1%) versus 45/212 (5-year rate, 29.7%). The change in common carotid arteries intima–media thickness was −2.69 µm (95% CI, −6.55 to 1.18) in the higher-target group and −10.53 µm (95% CI, −14.21 to −6.85) in the lower-target group, resulting in an absolute between-group difference of −7.84 µm (95% CI, −13.18 to −2.51; P =0.004). Conclusions: In patients with ischemic stroke and atherosclerosis, an LDL-C target of <70 mg/dL (1.8 mmol/L) did not reduce the incidence of new carotid plaques but produced significantly greater regression of carotid atherosclerosis than an LDL-C target of 90 to 110 mg/dL. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01252875.

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Measurement of intima-media thickness of common carotid arteries with high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography: Inter- and intra-observer variability

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology ◽

10.1016/0301-5629(91)90043-v ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 225-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 161

Author(s):

Riitta Salonen ◽

Arto Haapanen ◽

Jukka T. Salonen

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Carotid Arteries ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Observer Variability ◽

Media Thickness ◽

Common Carotid Arteries

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Intima-media thickness of the common carotid arteries as a marker of retinopathy and nephropathy in sickle cell disease

ULTRASONOGRAPHY ◽

10.14366/usg.19016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 79-84

Author(s):

Oluwagbemiga O. Ayoola ◽

Rahman A. Bolarinwa ◽

Oluwatoyin H. Onakpoya ◽

Stephen O. Onigbinde ◽

Christianah M. Asaleye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sickle Cell Disease ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Carotid Arteries ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Cell Disease ◽

Media Thickness ◽

The Common ◽

Common Carotid Arteries

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Gallstones are Associated with Intima-Media Thickness of Common Carotid Arteries in Men

Korean Journal of Family Medicine ◽

10.4082/kjfm.2014.35.3.136 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 136 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jung-Hwan Kim ◽

Jung-Gum Ryoo ◽

Jeong-Won Lee ◽

Ji-Hye Kim

Keyword(s):

Carotid Arteries ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Media Thickness ◽

Common Carotid Arteries

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Presence of metabolic syndrome does not influence intima-media thickness and interadventitial diameter of main arteries in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kmj2018-235 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

pp. 235-239

Author(s):

R A Rzaeva

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Carotid Arteries ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Media Thickness ◽

Wall Stiffness ◽

Common Carotid Arteries

Aim. To evaluate intima-media thickness, interadventitial diameter of common carotid arteries and their ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as in combination with metabolic syndrome, previously not receiving statins. Methods. The results of Doppler ultrasound of common carotid arteries of 233 patients were analyzed. 73 of them were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (49 males, 24 females, average age 59.2±9.13 years), 74 - in combination with metabolic syndrome (38 males, 36 females, average age 61.38±9.16 years), and 86 did not have neither type 2 diabetes nor metabolic syndrome (52 males and 34 females, average age 58.99±7.23 years). For variables with normal distribution, mean value (M) and error of mean (m) were used, and when comparing nonparametric parameters, distribution in contingency table and χ2 was used. Results. Mean values of intima-media thickness of common carotid arteries and the ratio of intima-media thickness to interadventitial diameter were significantly higher (p <0.05), and interadventitial diameter was significantly lower (p <0.05) in the subgroups of patients with type 2 diabetes alone and in combination with metabolic syndrome compared to patients without these diseases. Significantly more frequently the cases of increased intima-media thickness and decreased interadventitial diameter of common carotid arteries were revealed on both sides in the subgroups with type 2 diabetes alone and combined with metabolic syndrome (p <0.001), that resulted in increased ratio of intima-media thickness to interadventitial diameter being indicative of general increase of arterial wall stiffness and decreased ability to compensatory remodeling in these categories of patients. Conclusion. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its combination with metabolic syndrome previously not receiving statins, the values of intima-media thickness, interadventitial diameter and their ratio statistically significantly differ frome those in patients without type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome; the presence of metabolic syndrome does not influence values of intima-media thickness, interadventitial diameter and their ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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